Skeletal, Muscular, Mobility System Vocab - HSA

ankyl/o

crooked, bent, stiff

Arthr/o

joint

Chondr/o

cartilage

Cost/o

rib

Crani/o

skull

-desis

to bind, tie together

Kyph/o

bent, hump

Lord/o

curve, swayback

-lysis

loosening, destruction

Myel/o

spinal cord, bone marrow

oss/e, oss/i, ost/o, oste/o

bone

-poiesis

formation, production

Scoli/o

curved, bent, crooked

Spondyl/o

vertebra (backbone)

-um

structure

Ligament/o

ligament

Synovi/o

lubricating fluid of joints, synovial fluid

Burs/o

bursa, sac of fluid near joint

Cartilage

A tough, flexible tissue that lines joints and gives structure to the nose, ears, larynx, and other parts of the body

Diaphysis

the shaft of a long bone

Epiphysis

the end part of a long bone, initially growing separately from the shaft.

Axial skeleton

Portion of the skeletal system that consists of the skull, rib cage, and vertebral column

Appendicular skeleton

The portion of the skeleton that attaches to the axial skeleton and has the limbs attached to it, is comprised of the upper and lower extremities, which include the shoulder girdle and pelvis

Scoliosis

an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

Kyphosi

excessive posterior thoracic curvature (hunchback)

lordosis

abnormal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine (sway-back condition)

Ossification

bone formation

3 types of bone cell

osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts

osteoblasts

make new bone and help repair damage

osteocytes

mature bone cells which help continue newborn formation

osteoclasts

break down bone and help to sculpt and shape it

What specific materials are bones composed of

collagen and calcium

Proximal Epiphysis

end of the bone closest to the body trunk

Diaphysis

shaft of a long bone

Epiphysis

End of a long bone

Medullary cavity

cavity in the diaphysis

Compact Bone

hard part of bone

Periosteum

membrane that covers bone, site of new bone growth

Epiphyseal line

growth plate

Articular cartilage

cushions ends of bones at joints

Spongy bone

Patella

knee cap

Lateral collateral ligament

Lateral meniscus

Fibula

Femur

Medial collateral ligament

Medial meniscus

Tibia

Functions of the skeletal system

1. framework

2. protection of internal organs

3. levers for movement

4. produce blood cells

5. stores calcium

adult body contain \___ bones

206

Two divisions of the skeletal system

axial and appendicular

axial skeleton

main trunk of body, skull, spinal column, ribs, breastbone

appendicular skeleton

appendages and extremities, shoulder girdle, arms, pelvic girdle, legs

cranium

skull, surrounds the brain

maxilla

upper jaw

Mandible

lower jaw

Sutures

Areas where the cranial bones have joined together

Sinuses

air spaces in the cranial bones

Foramina

Tiny holes in bones that allow passage of nerves and blood vessels

skull function

protect the brain

cervical vertebrae

C1-C7 (neck)

Thoracic Vertabrae (12)

12 found in the upper back (middle vertebrae)

lumbar vertebrae

lower back L1-L5

sacrum and coccyx

make up the tailbone

intervetebral discs

cartilage found between the vertebrae

sternum

chest/breast bone

thoracic vertebrae

T1-T12 (upper back)

rib cage

protect heart and lungs

have 12 pairs

True ribs

top 7 pairs of ribs that attach individually to sternum

false ribs

bottom 5 pair

first 3 attach to cartilage of rib \#7

bottom 2, know as "floating ribs", have no anterior attachment; only dorsal attachment to vertebrae

Xiphoid process

inferior end of sternum

clavicle

collar bone

scapula

shoulder blade

humerus

upper arm bone

ulma

medial arm bone

radius

lateral arm bone

carpals

wrist bones

metacarpals

palm of hand

phalanges

fingers

ilium

superior portion of the hip(pelvic) bone

ischium

the lower, inferior portions of the pelvis

symphysis pubis

pubic bones; where hip bones form a fixed joint at anterior midline

Foramen

large holes in bones that allow passage of nerves and blood vessels

Femur

thigh bone

patella

kneecap

tibia

medial; shin bone

fibia

lateral bone of the lower leg

tarsals

ankle bones

metatarsals

instep or arch of foot

phalanges

toes