ASCP Study Guide (MLS)

CK Is Associated with Cardiac, Muscles, & Brain Tissue. Elevated CK can be seen in Strokes, Vigorous Exercise, and Muscular Dystrophy

Elevated Serum Creatine Kinase Is Associated with What Conditions?

Incubate at Room Temperature or 4oC to Enhance Weak Expression

What Should Be Done if Both Forward and Reverse ABO Results are NEGATIVE?

1.) Waist Line Over: 35 in Women, and 40 in Men

2.) Triglyceride Level over 150 mg/dL

3.) Fasting Blood Glucose over 100 mg/dL

4.) HDL Under: 50 in Women, and 40 in Men

5.) Blood Pressure ≥ 130/85

Parameters to define the presence of metabolic syndrome.

Class I: HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C Class II: HLA-DR

Major Histocompatibility Complex Antigens:

Class I & Class II

Accumulation of abnormal

inorganic acids, associated with diabetic ketoacidosis

Excessive loss of bicarbonate, as in severe diarrhea

Renal Failure

Metabolic Acidosis Caused By:

pH: Decreased

pCO2: Decreased

Metabolic Acidosis Blood Gas Results:

Erythroid Value = Sum of all Nucleated RBC Precursors

Myeloid Value = Sum of Precursor Neutrophils, Eosinophils, and Basophils

Lymphocytes and Monocytes are NOT counted

Interpreted as overall Bone Marrow Cellularity

Myeloid to Erythroid Ratio- (M:E) Ratio:

Myoglolbin

Earliest Biochemical Marker for Myocardial Infraction

Lectin from the seeds of Dolichos Biflorus

Anti-A1 Reagent is Made from What?

Rickettsia Rickettsii

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever is Transmitted by a Tick Infected with what?

Oligopeptide in the blood that cause vasoconstriction of arterioles, increases blood pressure and releases aldosterone.

Angiotensin 2

Calcium and Phosphate

Parathyroid Hormone Regulates what in the Body

Non-Pathogenic

Barr Bodies are Classified as what?

Interferon Gamma

Cytokine most important for Increased Macrophage Cell Activity?

28 Days, unless the unit expires sooner.

Shelf Life for Irradiated Blood?

MCV= 80-100 fL.

MCH= 27-31 pg.

MCHC= 32-36%

Normal Ranges:

MCV

MCH

MCHC

MCV= (Hematocrit % / RBC's) x 10

MCH= (Hemoglobin / RBC's) x 10

MCHC= (Hemoglobin / Hematocrit) x 100

Formulas for:

MCV

MCH

MCHC

Muscle Mass

Creatine Excretion Correlates be with:

37o C for 1 hour

If not tested right away Semen should be stored:

Light Spin, Followed by a Hard Spin

Procedure for preparation of Platelet concentrate from whole-blood:

Transferrin Saturation, due to its sensitivity and specificity for iron overload

Best way to test for Hereditary Hemochromatosis:

Positive QC: Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

Negative QC: Escherichia Coli

Best Stock Cultures to perform QC testing of oxidase production?

Middle Aged Adults

What age group is Hereditary Hemochromatosis usually detected?

It is caused by the engrafting of immunocompetent T lymphocytes into a severely immunosuppressed recipient. They can be prevented by gamma irradiation of cellular blood components.

What is responsible for causing Graft-Versus-Host Reactions?

Forward Scatter: Size

Side Scatter: Granularity

In Flow Cytometry, Forward Scatter and Side Scatter tell us what about the cells?

Eosinophils. Crystals have a strong association with parasitic infections or allergic reactions

Charcot-Leyden Crystals in stool are breakdown products of what?

Used to calculate LDL Cholesterol.

LDL = [Total Cholesterol] - [HDL] - [Triglyceride/5]

What is the Friedewald Formula, and what does it calculate?

Megoblastic Anemia, and Lead Poisoning

What Diseases are Cabot Rings associated with?

Calcium Ion Selective Electrodes, or ISE's

Ionized Calcium is Most Commonly Measured by what Method?

Testes and Adrenal Cortex.

1/3 from Testes, 2/3 from Adrenal Cortex in Men

98% from Adrenal Cortex in Women.

17-Ketosteroids in Urine, help primarily Asses What Organs?

A Clearly Discernible Pattern in the Nucleus of the Interphase Cells.

For an ANA Test to be Positive, what MUST be present in Nucleus?

Destruction of a neonate's platelets by alloantibodies crossing the placenta from the mother.

What Is the Cause of Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia?

Less than 1% = (200:1) Ratio

In a Normal CSF, the Protein Concentration as compared to that in Plasma is Usually Equal to?

PMN's are dysfunctional neutrophils that are seen in:

Chediak-Higashi

Chronic Granulomatous Disease

Myeloperoxidase Deficiency

What Diseases are Associated with Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils?

Amperiometric-Coulometric Titration

An Automated Method for Measuring Chloride, Which Generates Silver Ions in the Reaction?

Chocolate Blood Agar favors the growth of Fastidious Bacteria.

Compared to Blood Agar Media, Chocolate Blood Agar FAVORS the Growth of which Organisms?

Peptide Bonds

Biuret Reactions, For the Analysis of Serum Proteins are Dependent on the Number of?

Chocolate Agar

Which Media Contains Both Factor X and V Needed to Grow Haemophilus Influenzae?

Carcinoid Tumor

A Markedly Elevated 5-Hydroxyindole Acetic Acid (5-HIAA) is Evidence Of?

Hb A

Hb A2

Hb F

Which Hemoglobin's Can Be Decreased in Alpha Thalassemia?

Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

Which Leukemia is Most Commonly Diagnosed in Children?

CA 15-3 and CA 549

What Tumor Markers are Elevated in More Advanced Stages of Breast Cancer?

Bacitracin Susceptibility

What Test is Used to Identify Lancefield Group A Streptococcus?

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)

Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)

Microthrombi Disposition in Small Vessels (Sheering of RBC as they pass through Fibrin Mesh)

What Diseases are Associated with Schistocytes, and How are they Made?

30 mL

A 300 µg dose of RhIg can Suppress immunization of How many mL of D+ Blood?

Cr51 (Chromium 51)

The Radioactive Method Used to Measure Red Cell Survival, Uses what Isotope?

Serum Cortisol Overproduction

Patients with Cushing's Disease Typically Exhibit What?

7 Days

Donor and Recipient Blood Samples Must be Kept for How Long After Transfusion?

Yearly

How Often Should Fire Drills be Conducted in the Laboratory?

T-Lymphocytes

Contact Dermatitis is Mediated By?

Urine Protein Electrophoresis or Immunoelectrophoresis

What Method is Used to Confirm the Presence of Bence-Jones Protein in the Urine?

Cryptococcus Neoformans in CSF

An India Ink Preparation Is Used on CSF to Identify?

Interphase & Metaphase

What 2 Stages of Cell Division are Most Important for Reading ANA's?

Anti-A, Anti-P1, Anti-Leb, and Anti-M

Which Antibodies React Most Strongly at 4 C?

20-40 Inches

A Computer Monitor Should be set Approximately How Many Inches Away From Eyes?

CC = (Urine Creatine x Urine

Flow Rate) / Plasma Creatine

Creatine Clearance Formula

Hydrostatic Differential in Glomerular Tufts

Primary Mechanism Responsible for Glomerular Filtration?

Cystine, Leucine, Calcium Oxalate, Sodium Urate, Sulfonamide, Tyrosine, Uric Acid, and Amorphous Urates

Crystals Found in Acidic Urine?

Proximal Convoluted Tubule

Primary Site of Reabsorption of Glomerular Filtrate

Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn

A Spectrophotometric Scan of Amniotic Fluid is used to help Diagnose What Condition?

Splenectomies

Pappenheimer Bodies are Usually Seen In Patients Who Have?

HIV-1 NAT

What Test has Been Recommended by the FDA to Replace the HIV-1 p24 Antigen Test in the Screening of Donated Blood for Infectious Diseases?

Neutrophils, Monocytes, and Macrophages

Phagocytosis is a Function of Which Cells Type?

In the Liver by Hepatocytes

Where are Most Acute Phase Proteins Synthesized?

Prolonged PT and aPTT, along with Decreased Fibrinogen.

Thrombocytopenia and Schistocytes on the PBS are associated with all 3, it's the abnormal coagulation test that distinguishes DIC from the other conditions.

What Lab Results Would You Find with DIC, but Not TTP or HUS.

LDL (Low Density Lipoproteins)

Which Type of Lipoprotein Transports the Majority of Cholesterol to Cells for Steroid Hormone Synthesis or Cell Membrane Incorporation?

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration, which is the lowest concentration of antibiotic that inhibits visible vitro growth.

MIC is an Acronym for:

Protein

What Contributes to Specific Gravity, but Not Osmolarity?

Relative % of Each Cell Type x Total White Cell Count

In Terms of Differential Counts, What Does Absolute Value Describe?

Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, Carbon Dioxide (Bicarbonate)

An Electrolyte Panel Consists of:

Granulocytes

Febrile Transfusion Reactions are Caused by Antibodies to What?

Lewis

What Blood Group Antigen May Show a Cell Typing Change During Pregnancy?

Inhibit Cell Wall Synthesis

A Patient with Atypical Lymphocytes in Their PBS Should Be Tested For:

Pink

Host Cells (WBC, and Epithelial Cells) Will Stain What Color on A Gram Stain?

Bicarbonate and Chloride

What Ions Form an Exchanger to Regulate and Buffer Blood PH?

Irradiation of Cellular Products

Transfusion Associated Graft Versus Host Disease May Be Prevented By:

Perform A DAT on Incompatible Unit

What Procedure Should Be Done, If 1 Cross Matched Unit Out OF 5 is Incompatible at the AHG Phase?

Butterscotch = Streptococcus Anginosus

Grapes = Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

Bleach = Eikenella Corrodens

Pared Apples = Alcailgenes Faecalis

Smell Associated with Bacterial Species

Neutrophils, Macrophages/Monocytes, and Lymphocytes

What Cells Can Be Found in ALL Types of Body Fluid?

Serum Iron is Decreased

Transferrin Saturation is Decreased

Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) is Increased

Classic Signs of Acute Iron Deficiency Anemia?

Streptococcus Pneumoniae

Most Frequent Cause of Bacterial Meningitis in Older Adults

Blood Bank

In the US, Which Department is regulated by the FDA?

Lupus Erythematosus

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Systemic Sclerosis

Name 3 Diseases Associated with Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases (SARD)

An Immature Blood-Brain Barrier

Elevated Protein in CSF

Elevated Bilirubin in the Blood

Xanthochromia in A Premature Infant Can Be Caused By:

Caffeine-Benzoate

Substance Used in Jendrassik-Grof Method to Accelerate the Reaction of Unconjugated Bilirubin with the Diazo Reagent?

Glycoproteins

Acute Phase Proteins Generally Fall into What Category?

Anything Under 15 x 10'6 Spermatozoa/mL

What Is Considered a Low Sperm Count?

Cholesterol, Lipoprotein, HDL, and Triglycerides

Lipid Panel Is Composed of Which Tests?

Leptin

What Adipocyte Product is an Important Messenger in Metabolism, Signally the Hypothalamus that there are changes in fat stores?

7.2

What Is the Lower Threshold Value for Semen pH from Fertile Men?

1.) Denaturation (Turning Double Stranded DNA into Single Strands)

2.) Annealing/Hybrization (Attachment of Primers to Stand)

3.) Extension (Creating Complementary Strand to Produce New Double Strand DNA)

Steps to a PCR Reaction

Small Intestines

Adult Ascaris Lumbricoides Worms Live Where?

Von Willebrand Factor

A Defect in What Factor Causes Impaired Platelet Adhesion and Aggregation?

1-6 Degrees Celsius

A Refrigerator Used to Store Whole Blood Must Be Able to Maintain A Temp In What Ranges?

June 15th 2019.

RBC's treated with Cryoprotective Agents, Can Be Stored for 10 Years from Day of Collection.

A Unit of Red Blood Cells that was Collected on June 15th 2009, and then it was frozen with Glycerol at -80 Degrees Celsius on June 21st 2009 will expire on What Date?

Specificity = True Negatives/ (True Negatives + False Positives)

Equation for Specificity

Sensitivity = True Positives/ (True Positives + False Negatives)

Equation for Sensitivity

HbA1C ≥ 6.5%

Fasting Plasma Glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL

2 Hour GTT ≥ 200 mg/dL

Casual Plasma Glucose ≥ 200 mg/dL With Diabetes Symptoms

Diabetes Diagnostic Criteria:

Free Ionized Calcium

What Form of Calcium is Biologically Active?

Macroglobulinemia

Multiple Myeloma

Amyloidosis

Bence-Jones Proteinuria Is Associated with What Conditions?