Gself

COVER TO COVER

Sex

The property or quality by which organisms are classified as female or male on the basis of their reproductive organs and functions

SEXUALITY

The quality or state of being sexual

Sexual desire or attraction

to whom (or in some cases what) someone is attracted (physically and emotionally)

Sexual activity or behavior

what a person does or likes to do sexually (intercourse, masturbation, oral sex, sexual fetishes)

Sexual identity

How someone describes their sense of self as a sexual being (e.g. heterosexual, bisexual, lesbian, gay, homosexual)

Sexual experience

Observations of others' sexualities; education or training related to sexuality.

GENDER

Can be divided into a number of different components relating to ideas of masculinity and femininity: gender identity, gender presentation and gender role.

Gender Identity

sense of ourselves as men, women or other gendered beings

Gender Expression

behaviors associated with masculinity and femininity: speech, dress, movement...etc.

Gender Roles

the social roles expected of men and women in a particular society.

SEXUAL ORIENTATION

A term used to refer to a person's pattern of emotional, romantic, and sexual attraction to people of a particular gender (male or female).

Heterosexual

sexually attracted to people with opposite sex

Homosexual

sexually attracted to same sex

Bisexual

sexually attracted to both men and women

Pansexual

attracted to people of any gender identity

Asexual

not sexually attracted to other people

TRANSGENDER

a broad term used to describe individuals that identify with a gender that is NOT associated with their assigned birth sex

Can you be transgender without surgery?

Yes Many transgender people transition without using hormones or surgery. Living as your gender identity. This includes changing your clothing, name, speech or other things.

Hermaphroditism

abnormal chromosomal make-up, characterized by mixed or indeterminate male & female sex characteristics

This is a function of biological sex.

Erogenous Zones

Areas of the body which are highly sensitive and produces sexual responses when stimulated.

STIs and STDs

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS and DISEASES

Chlamydia

The most common bacterial STI

Gonorrhea

The 2nd most common bacterial STI

Syphillis

A bacterial infection that progresses in stages

GENITAL HERPES

It is a viral infection causing outbreaks of painful sores and blisters

HEPATITIS B

Virus that attacks the liver

HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS

One of the most common STIs (Genital Warts)

PUBIC LICE & SCABIES

Infections caused by parasitic infestations

Stress

is a state of mental or emotional strain or tension resulting from adverse or very demanding circumstances.

Stressor

any event or conditions that put a strain on the individual

Physiological Stress

low energy, insomnia, chest pain

Cognitive Stress

constant worrying, forgetfulness, lack of concentration and attention, pessimistic

Emotional Stress

moody, irritable, lonely

Eustress

positive kind of stress

Distress

negative type of stress

Coping

involves adjusting to unusual demands, or stressors

Coping Mechanisms

The strategies we often use in the face of stress and/or trauma to help manage painful or difficult emotions.

EMOTION COPING

Seek to adjust the emotions caused by a stressful event

PROBLEM SOLVING COPING

Attempt to modify the environment or situation.

Unhealthy Coping Mechanisms

REPRESSING YOUR OWN FEELINGS, WORST-SCENARIOS, ISOLATING YOURSELF, ROMANTICIZING THE PAST

TOXIC POSITIVITY

The belief that no matter how dire or difficult a situation is, we should maintain a positive mindset.

Compassion

an attitude that involves a certain set of feelings, thoughts, motives, desires, urges, and behaviors that can be directed towards any living thing.

Awareness

being attentive or sensitive to the fact that some sort of 'suffering' is occurring.

Normalizing

recognizing that we all experience pain at some point to varying degrees.

Kindness

acknowledging the pain with feelings of kindness, care, warmth, and concern.

Alleviation

Focusing our energy on ways to relieve the pain.

Self- Compassion

Involves directing feelings of kindness and care towards own self.

Cared

Being \______ for from birth is vital to a human's survival.

Mental Health

People who are more compassionate towards themselves tend to have fewer \_________ problems.

Threat system

anything which can harm a person; all humans avoid threats in order to survive

Drive system

spurs people on to try new things, achieve things, set and work towards goals, and feel those ecstatic "high five moments"

Soothe System

has a calming influence on both the threat and drive systems

Self- Criticism

It is a thinking style that involves our internal self-talk being highly negative, disparaging, and berating.

Labeling

making global and offensive statements about oneself based on one's behavior in a specific situation

Shoulding

using "should" statements to put unreasonable demands or pressure on self

Overgeneralizing

taking one negative instance and concluding that this applies to everything

Religiosity

came from the word "religion" - a term derived from a Latin word "religare" which means "to bind together" or communion between a person and a higher being (Batara, 2015).

Beliefs

generalized system of ideas and values

Rituals

repeated physical gestures or activities

Spiritual experience

feeling of immediate connection with the higher power

church

Unique social forms of community unite in one single community called a

SPIRITUALITY

A human experience that seeks to transcend self and find meaning and purpose through connection with others, nature, and a Supreme Being, which may or may not involve religious structures or traditions.

Religious person

someone who believes in a god or a group of gods

Spiritual person

places little importance on beliefs and traditions and is more concerned with growing and experiencing the divine

Meditation

mental exercises such as focusing on one's breathing

Prayer

a spiritual communion with god/God or an object or worship as in supplication, thanksgiving, adoration or confession

Yoga

System of physical postures, breathing techniques and sometimes meditation to promote physical and emotional well-being

Journaling

can help you become aware of your inner life and feel more connected to your experience and world around you.

Steven Reiss

suggested a theory on why people are attracted to religion Religion attracts so many followers because it satisfies all 16 basic desires that human share those are acceptance, curiosity, eating, family, idealism, honor, independence, order, physical activity, power, romance, saving, social contact, status, tranquility and vengeance

RITUALS

Ceremony or action performed in a customary way. May be prescribed by the traditions of the community including a religious community.

CEREMONY

Formal act or ritual often set by custom or tradition performed in observation of an event or anniversary

Origin approach

The ritual behavior is part of the human evolution

Functional approach

Scholars focus on empirical evidence gathered through actual observation. The nature of rituals believed to be defined by its function in the society.

History and religions approach

Holds the view that a ritual behavior is an expression of the sacred. It is how the material human connects with the transcendent realm of the ultimate reality.

POLITICAL SELF

Explores how our social and economic contexts profoundly affects our mental health and well being.

Normative Influence and Informational Influence

Two types of Motives of Social Influence

NORMATIVE INFLUENCE

based on conforming to positive expectations of others helps avoid punishment

INFORMATIONAL INFLUENCE

based on accepting the information obtained from others as evidence of reality

LEADERSHIP

Ability to motivate, influence, and guide followers or other members of an organization.

David McClelland

believed that we have three psychological needs

nPow

need for power

nAff

need for affiliation

nAch

need for achievement

nPow and nAff

A leader is someone with high \_______ and very low \______

Affective-Identity

This motivation to lead comes from an actual enjoyment of being in a leadership position.

Non-Calculative motivation

Leadership has its benefits and its burdens. A person high on non-calculative motivation to lead, doesn't much consider the costs and benefits.

Social-Normative motivation

to lead is feeling an obligation to lead. For example, other people might call on you or nominate you to take on a leadership position, and that social pressure motivates you to lead.

Instrumental

Leaders who plan and organizes for their subordinates.

Supportive

Leaders who show concern to their subordinates.

Participative

Leaders who allow subordinates to participate in decision-making

Crab mentality

tendency to pull someone down

Colonial mentality

believing that anything which came from other countries are better than what we have in our culture.

Hiya

not the same with shame or guilt; it is a sense of propriety

Bahala na

not fatalism but it is risk-taking and determination

Utang na loob

is not a debt or a burden; it is gratitude and solidarity

Pakikipagkapwa or Kapwa

is defined as shared inner self ("I see my self in you")

Ibang-tao

people you are not close with

Hindi-ibang tao

one of us; family members and closest friends

Achievement-oriented

Leaders who sets challenges and rewards achievement.