Intro To Anatomy

anatomical position

erect, feet forward, arms at side with palms facing forward, head facing forward

Anterior (ventral)

front of the body

Posterior (dorsal)

toward the back

Abdominal

anterior body trunk inferior to ribs

Acromial

point of shoulder

Antebrachial

pertaining to the forearm

Antecubital

anterior surface of elbow

Axillary

pertaining to the armpit

Cephalic

pertaining to the head

Occipital

pertaining to the back of the head

Scapular

shoulder blade

Pectoral

pertaining to the chest or breast

mental

pertaining to the chin

Brachial

pertaining to the arm

Buccal

cheek

Carpal

pertaining to the wrist

Cervical

neck region

Coxal

pertaining to the hip

Crural

shin

deltoid

curve of shoulder formed by large deltoid muscle

digital/phalangeal

fingers, toes

femoral

pertaining to the thigh

olecranal/cubital

pertaining to the posterior surface of the elbow

Sural

Calf or posterior surface of the leg

Mammary

pertaining to the breast

pedal

pertaining to the foot

manual

hand

Frontal

pertaining to the forehead

Inguinal

pertaining to the groin

Nasal

pertaining to the nose

oral

pertaining to the mouth

Orbital

eye

Otic

pertaining to the ear

Gluteal

buttock

politeal

back of knee

Vertebral

spinal column

hallux

big toe

Palmer

palm of hand

Patellar

kneecap

Pelvic

pertaining to the anterior area overlaying the pelvis

Pubic (genital)

genital region

Sternal

breastbone area (sternum)

Tarsal

ankle

Thoracic

chest or thorax

Umbilical

navel

Calcaneal

pertaining to the heel

Lumbar

portion of the back between the thorax and pelvis

Sacral

the lower portion of the back, just superior to the buttocks (at base of spine)

plantar

sole of foot

Pollex

thumb

facial

pertaining to the face

Sagittal section

is a cut along the lengthwise, or longitudinal, plane of the body, dividing the body into right and left parts.

mid-sagittal section

cut down the median plane divides body into equal left and right portions

dorsal body cavity

contains the cranial cavity and spinal cavity

thoracic cavity

separated from the rest of the ventral cavity by the diaphragm
contains the heart and lungs

Frontal section (coronal section)

divides the body into anterior and posterior parts

transverse/cross section

a cut along a horizontal plane, dividing the body or organ into superior and inferior parts

ventral body cavity

thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

Diaphragm

a dome-shaped, muscular partition separating the thorax from the abdomen in mammals

Mediastinum

separates the lungs into right and left cavities in the thoracic cavity

abdominopelvic cavity

abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity

abdominal cavity

Contains stomach, intestines, spleen, and liver, and other organs

pelvic cavity

Contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum

cranial cavity

contains the brain

spinal cavity

contains the spinal cord

Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)

Right lobe of liver, gallbladder, right kidney, portions of stomach, small and large intestine

Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)

Left lobe of liver, stomach, pancreas, left kidney, spleen, portions of large intestine

Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)

refers to the area encompassing portions of the small and large intestines, the appendix, the right ureter, and the right ovary and uterine tube in women or the right spermatic duct in men

Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)

refers to the area encompassing portions of the small and large intestines, the left ureter, and the left ovary and uterine tube in women or the left spermatic duct in men

right hypochondriac region

right lateral region just below the ribs

chondriac

cartilage

Left hydrochondriac region

left lateral below the ribs

epigastric

superior to the umbilical region

right lumbar region

right middle region near the waist

lumbus

loin (lumbar)

left lumbar region

left lateral region in the middle row

umbilical region

The centermost region, which includes the umbilicus

Right Illiac/Inguinal

bottom right region

left iliac region

lower left region

hypogastric region

inferior to the umbilical region

Superior (cranial/cephalic)

toward the head

Inferior(caudal)

away from the head

Medial

toward the midline

Lateral

away from the midline

intermediate

between a more medial and a more lateral structure

Proximal

Closer to the point of attachment (used for appendages ex: arm)

Distal

away from the point of attachment (used for appendages ex: arm)

superficial(external)

near the surface

deep(internal)

away from the surface

Farenheit formula

F = (1.8 x C) + 32

Celcius

(F-32)/1.8

How are anatomy and physiology related?

structure determines function

Levels of Structural Organization

sub-atomic, atomic, molecular, marco molecule, organelle, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

subatomic

protons, neutrons, electrons

atomic

carbon, hydrogen, phosphorus, Iron, and sodium

Molecule

H2O and C6H12O6

macro molecules

proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acid

Organelle level

mitochondria, ribosome

cellular level

Basic unit of life

tissue level

epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous