History of Psychological Assessment

The testing was instituted as a means of selecting who would obtain government jobs

China 2200 BC

It is state sponsored examination

Imperial Examination

What are the passer's entitled to?

• government position

• garb

• exemption from taxes

•exemption from torture during interrogation if committed crime

• developing knowledge of human anatomy; however psychological assessment, counselling, and psychotherapy were probably more tge province of the priest than physician

Edwin Papyrus

He used in efforts to ward off demons presumed to wreak havoc with ones physical and mental health

Ebers Papyrus

It's choleric if the colour is

Yellow Bile

It's melancholic if the colour is?

Black bile

It is a sanguine

Blood

It's Phlegmatic

Phlegm

- Writings indicative of attempts to categorise people in terms of personality types.

- Categorization refers to an overabundance or deficiency in some bodily fluid (such as blood or phlegm)

Greco Roman

It is the term “who is in the league of the devil?”

Middle Ages

• He Anticipated psychology as science and psychologogical measurement as a specialty with that science

Christian Von Wolff

• Performance or nonverbal tests of intelligence

Edouard Seguin

• He publishes 2 volume word devoted to mental retardation

Jean Esquirol

He published on the origin of species by means of natural selection

Charles Darwin

- deviations from an average

- Credited with devising or contributing to the development of many contemporary tools of psychological assessment

- Research on heredity

- Cont. In the sensorimotor view if intelligence

Francis Galton

pearson r rooted in the work of galton Anthropometric laboratory

Karl Pearson

• Founded first experimentak psychology laboratory in Leipzig, Germany

Wilhelm Wundt

• Individuals difference in reaction time

• he was influenced of atleast reinforced by galton

• Responsible for getting mental testing underway in America

• Coined mental test

James Mckeen Catell

corporation with a goal to advance psychology

Psychological Corporation

• He worked with Alfred Binet

• His papers suggesting how mental test could be used to measure higher mental processes

Victor Henri

• He's little known founder of clinical psychology successor of catell

Lightner Witmer

He administered tests of arithmetic computations, memory span.

Herman Ebbinghaus

They published several articles that argued for the measurements of abilities such as memory and social comprehension

Biner and Henri

Published 30 item "measuring scale of intelligence" – Binet Simon Scale

Binet and Theodore Simon

He translated and adapted binet- simon scale

Henry Goddard

He adapted binet-simon intelligence test into Stanford- Binet intelligence Scale

Lewis Terman

SBIS is impractical for military at this time

World war 1(1917)

- First group intelligence testing

- Army Alpha: Literate

- Army Beta : Literate

Robert Yerkes

Introduction of multiple choice and objectives

Arthur Otis

It modified the army alpha and army beta to become entrance exam

Entrance Exam

Test designed to measure adult intelligence

David Wechsler

• Developed particularly for use in vocational counseling, and in the selection of classification of industrial and military personnel

Special Aptitude Test

- Test reliability, factor analysis, spearman rho

Charles Spearman

- Provide a measure of individuals standing in each of a number traits

Multuple Aptitude Batteries

Boston Public School

- Replacement of essay questions by objective multiple choice items

Standardized test for measuring the outcimes of school instruction

E.L Thorndike

- Achievement batteries

Stanford Achievement Test

- establishment of statewide, regional and national testing program

College Entrance Examinations Board

Educational Testing Service

Merging of CEEB and American cillege testing program

- Achievement test for industrial government Jobs.

Civil Service Examination

- Word/Free association techniques, long series of test to measure what he regarded as basic factors

Emil Kraepelin

- Free association test might be used to differentiate between the various froms of mental disorders

Sommer

- Develop a measurement of adjustments and emotional stability. "Personal Data Sheet"

Robert Woodworth

- based on PDS first widely measure of personality.

WoodWorth Psychoneurotic Inventory

It respond to questionnaire, keeping a diary, or self monitoring thoughts or behaviour

Self Report Test

The development of Standardized personality test

Normal

Uses of inkblot, drawing, photograph etc.

Ambiguous stimulus

He developed Rorschach Inkblot Test

Herman Rotschach

They developed Thematic Appreciation test

Henry Murray and Cristina Morgan

The development of psychological measurement can be traced along two distinct threads what are those?

The academic and the Applied

It's a socially transmitted behaviour patterns, belief and products of work of particular population, community or group of people totality of the way of life

Culture

He raised about how meaningful such tests are when used with people from various cultures language and background

Henry Goddard

It tests designed for use with people from one culture but not from another

Culture Specific Tests

It develops to reduce cultural bias

Culture Fair Test

A language and dialect used; use of translator

Verbal Communication

What are the problems in using translator?

Subtle nuances of meaning maybe lost in translation

Unintentional hints in the correct ot more desirable response

Etc.

It is the use of body language

Nonverbal communication and behaviour

It is the sociatal standards

Standard of Evaluation

It is self reliance, autonomy, independence, uniqueness, and competitiveness

Individualist Culture

The conformity, cooperation, interdependence, striving toward group goals

Collectivist Culture

It is the voluntary and mandatory efforts undertaken by the federal, state and local government, private employer and schools to combat discrimination and promote equal opportunities for all in education and employment

Affirmative Action

The members of the public call upon government policy makers, to protect them from perceived threats denial of education and advancement, dismissal from a job, denial of parole, denial of custody through psychological tests

Psychology, Tests and Public Policy

It is the rules that individuals must obey for the good of society as whole

Laws

A body of principle of rights, proper or good conduct

Ethics

It defines the standard of care expected of members of that profession

Code of professional ethics

The average, reasonable, and prudent professional would provide diagnostic or therapeutic services under the same or similar conditions

Standard of Care

It is the Federal States Level

Legislation

It is the Judge Made Law

Litigation

We develop tests and other assessments tools using current scientific findings and knowledge, appropriate Psychometric properties and standardization procedures.

Test construct

The administration and handling of all test materials shall be handled only by qualified users or personnel

Test Security

It recognises the freedom for clients advantage

Privacy Right

It is the information that is protected by law from disclosure in legal proceedings

Privileged Information

It concerns matters of communication outside the courtroom

Confidentiality

It is the duty to warn

Limits of confidentiality

It is charged with investigating various aspects of the relatively new practice of testing

Committee on Mental Measurement

It is further study various testing related issues and problems

Another APA committee on measurement