Ch. 6 Skeletal System I (copy)

What 3 things make up the skeletal system?

Cartilage, ligaments, and bone

What is the term used to describe the embryonic precursor of most bones and covers many joint surfaces?

Cartilage

What is the term used to describe what holds bone to bone at a joint?

Ligaments

What is the term used to describe what attached muscle to bone?

Tendons

T/f: There are lots of gaps in fetus bones while they grow.

True

Name the 7 functions of the skeleton.

Support, movement, protection of organs, blood formation, electrolyte balance, acid-base balance, and detoxification.

What electrolytes does the skeleton balance (2)?

Calcium and phosphate

Where does blood formation happen within the bones?

Marrow

Name an organ that needs to be protected by bones?

Brain

What is the term used to describe the study of bone?

Osteology

What type of tissue is bone classified as?

Connective

Does bone have a hard matrix?

Yes

What is the term used to describe the process of bone hardening?

Mineralization (calcification)

Name 6 tissues present in bone (besides connective)?

Blood, bone marrow, cartilage, adipose, nervous, and fibrous

What bone shape is thin and often curved?

Flat

What bone shape is rigid levers for movement?

Long

What bone shape glides within joints made of small blocks?

Short

Do short bones have a large range of motion?

No

Which bone shape is complex and unique?

Irregular

What bone shape is oval and exists within tendons?

Sesamoid

Name two examples of flat bones.

Ribs and skull

What bone shape does the skull have?

Flat

What bone shape do the ribs have?

Flat

Name two examples of long bones?

Humerus and femur

What bone shape does the femur have?

Long

Name an example of short bones?

Carpals of wrist

What bone shape do the carpals of the wrist have?

Short

Name an example of sesamoid bones?

Patella

What shape is the patella bone?

Sesamoid

What shape is the vertebrae?

Irregular

What shape is the pelvis?

Irregular

Can some skull bones be irregular?

Yes

Name an example of an irregular bone.

Vertebrae

Name point A

Articular cartilidge

Name point B

Red bone marrow

Name point C

Epiphysial line

Name point D

Marrow cavity

Name point E

Yellow bone marrow

Name point F

Periosteum

Name point G

Nutrient foramen

Name point H

Site of endosteum

Name point I

Compact bone

Name point J

Spongy bone

Name point K

Epiphysial line

Name point L

Articular cartilage

Name points M

Epiphysis

Name point N

Diaphysis

What type of bone tissues make up long bones?

Compact and spongy

What is the term used to describe the two heads at the end of long bone?

Epiphysis

What is the term used to describe the shaft of long bone?

Diaphysis

What is the term used to describe the remnant of the growth plate in long bone?

Epiphysiall line

What is the term used to describe the covering around long bond?

Periosteum

What is the term used to describe the tubes/holes in long bone for blood vessels?

Nutrient foramina

What is the term used to describe the lining inside of the long bone?

Endosteum

What is the term used to describe the type of cartilage covering joints in long bone?

Articular

During surgery, which parts of the long bone should the surgeon try to keep most intact to ensure blood supply stays strong after surgery (2)?

Periosteum and nutrient foramina

Which two types of bone is short bone composed of?

Spongy and compact

Name points A (short bone).

Compact

Name point B (short bone)

Spongy bone (diploe)

What is the term used to describe what this picture depicts?

Trabeculae

What does trabeculae provide?

Structure

Fill in the blank: trabeculae provides structure without _____.

Weight

What is the term used to describe bone stem cells?

Osteogenic (osteoprogenitor)

What is the term used to describe bone-forming cells?

Osteoblasts

What is the term used to describe mature bone cells that contribute to bone maintenance/homeostasis?

Osteocytes

What is the term used to describe cavities that house osteocytes?

Lacunae

What is the term used to describe small canals that connect lacunae?

Canaliculi

What is the term used to describe bone-dissolving macrophages?

Osteoclasts

Fill in the blanks: _____ build, ____ clean up.

Blasts, clasts

Name this cell type.

Osteocyte

Name this cell type.

Osteoclast

Name this cell type.

Osteoblast

Name this cell type.

Osteogenic (osteoprogenitor)

What is the ratio of organic matter in bone matrix?

1/3

What is the ratio of inorganic matter in bone matrix?

2/3

What two complexes make up the 1/3 organic part of the bone matrix?

Collagen and large protein-carbohydrate

What makes up 85% of the inorganic part of the bone matrix?

Hydroxyapatite

What is the term used to describe crystallized calcium phosphate salt?

Hydroxyapatite

What makes up 10% of the inorganic part of the bone matrix?

Calcium carbonate

What makes up 5% of the inorganic part of the bone matrix?

Other inorganic minerals

What is the basic unit of the compact bone?

Osteon

Name point A.

Spicules

Name point B.

Trabeculae

Name point C.

Spongey bone

Name point D.

Central canal

Name point E.

Lacuna

Name point F.

Collagen fibers

Name point G.

Concentric lamellae

Name point H.

Circumferential lamellae

Name point I.

Nerve

Name point J.

Blood vessel

Name point K.

Endosteum

Name point L.

Periosteum

Name point M.

Perforating fibers

Name point N.

Perforating canal

Name point O.

Osteon

What is the term used to describe rods and spines of spongey bone?

Spicules

What is the term used to describe thin plates of spongey bones?

Trabeculae

What are spaces in spongey bone filled with?

Bone marrow

T/f: Spongey bone is lightweight and strong

True