The heart, blood and blood vessels

blood is\_________

specialised fluid found in the circulatory system of humans.

the dub of the heart beat is due to \______________

the closing semi lunar valves

the lub of the heart beat is due to \________________

the closing tricuspid valve and bicuspid valve

Function of semi-lunar valves

prevent backflow of blood into the ventricles

the heart is \___________

involuntary

The benefit of the biconcave shape of red blood cells is that it

flexible so they can change shape to fit in capillaries

What shape are red blood cells?

biconcave

blood is composed of \_______

plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets

Functions of blood

Transports food and waste, heat + maintain a constant body temperature, transport oxygen and carbon dioxide, Defence against disease

what is the pH of blood

7.4

describe the colour of plasma

pale, golden

Plasma makes up \___% of blood

55

Plasma is composed of (give precents)

90% water, 7% proteins, 3% dissolved materials that are transported

what are the two types of proteins in plasma

antibodies and clotting proteins

function of antibodies

produced by white blood cells, help destroy foreign substances

function of clotting proteins

form blood clots

what is serum

plasma without clotting proteins

Where are red blood cells produced?

red bone marrow

what is the function of plasma

transport materials around the body (e.g. glucose, amino acids), transports co2 in the form of a carbonate ion

Erythrocytes are also known as

red blood cells

red blood cells have a \______ that helps them pass through capillaries

flexible membrane

what are the shape of red blood cells

tiny biconcave disc-shaped cells

Where are red blood cells made?

bone marrow

red blood cells contain a nucleus TRUE OR FALSE

false, they have no nucleus

red blood cells don't mitochondria TRUE OR FALSE

true, means oxygen is not used up in respiration in red blood cells

red blood cells contain the protein\___________

haemoglobin

oxyhaemoglobin is\____

oxygen joined to haemoglobin

haemoglobin is made of

iron

red blood cells survive for \__________

4 months

function of red blood cells

Transport oxygen around the body. Oxygen binds to the iron in haemoglobin and gets carried around the body.

leucocytes are also called

white blood cells

white blood cells have a nucleus TRUE OF FALSE

true

white blood cells are what colour

they are colourless cells

white blood cells are \________ as large as red blood cells

twice

white blood cells can live for \____________

up to a few days

Where are white blood cells produced?

red bone marrow

what are the shape of white blood cells

no definite shape

role of white blood cells

fight infection

what are they types of white blood cells

monocytes , lymphocytes

Monocytes are also known as

macrophages

Monocytes Function (type of WBC)

engulf and digest foreign cells in a process called phagocytosis

what is responsible for phagocytosis

monocytes

shape of of monocytes nucleus

kidney shaped

what is the function of lymphocytes

make antibodies, which attacks and destroys pathogens.

lymphocytes have a \_____ nucleus

round

Platelets are also called

thrombocytes

What are platelets?

are tiny fragments of large bone marrow cells.

Do platelets have a nucleus?

No nucleus

Platelets live for how long?

a week

role of platelets

help blood clot in conjunction with vitamin K

role in blood clotting

preventing blood loss and preventing the entry of pathogens

what are haemophiliacs

they unable to produce the clotting chemicals, may suffer extensive bleeding

What is thrombosis?

occurs if a clot forms inside a damaged blood vessel and blocks the vessel

when thrombosis occurs in the brain it is a

stroke

when thrombosis occurs in the heart it is a

heart attack

how many different blood groups are there

4

what are the different blood groups

A, B, AB and O

what determines blood type

determined by the presence or absence of surface proteins on red blood cells

what are the two types of antigens

antigen A and antigen B

blood group O is a universal\________

donor

blood group AB is the universal\________

recipient

the rhesus factor is

a blood group system

what is the antigen in the rhesus factor

factor D

If factor D is present, you are Rhesus

positive (Rh+)

If factor D is absent, you are Rhesus

negative (Rh-)

which blood types have antigens

A, B, AB

which blood types have no antigens

o

why is important to know blood type

in blood transfusions blood given must match or the blood may clumping

red blood cells are broken down where

the liver

what are the two type of circulatory system

open circulatory system, close circulatory system

features of open circulatory system

the heart pump blood into vessels that are open ended, the blood leaves these vessels and flows around the body cells and returns to back to the heart through blood vessels

when you see pulmonary think\_______

lungs

example of open circulatory system

crabs, insects, spiders, slugs

Features of a closed circulatory system

blood remains in a continuous system of blood vessels,

example closed circulatory system

humans, dogs

closed circulatory system benefits

allows oxygen to be pumped around the body faster, allows the flow of blood or pressure to be increased or decreased

what are the types of blood vessels

arteries, veins, capillaries

function of arteries

carry blood away from the heart

the semi lunar valves are under the

aorta and pulmonary artery

function of veins

carry blood to the heart

small arteries are called \_____

arterioles

small veins are called \_______

venules

inelastic protein are also are \_____

collagen

function of endothelium in the structure of arteries and veins

inner layer of cells lining the lumen

what is lumen

central blood containing space of a blood vessel

structural features of an artery

thick wall, small lumen, no valves

structural features of a veins

thin wall, large lumen, valves present

blood under \_____ pressure in the arteries

high

blood under \_____ pressure in the veins

low

Where is the heart located?

between the two lungs and above the diaphragm, in the thoracic cavity

What is the thoracic cavity?

chest cavity

The heart is made of

cardiac muscle

function of cardiac muscle

Contraction of the heart

the heart is surrounded by a double membrane called \_________

the pericardium

\______________ reduces friction when the heart moves

pericardial fluid

features of the atria

- the two upper chambers of the heart
- atria have thin walls as they only have to pump blood to the ventricles

features of the ventricles

-right ventricle pumps blood to lungs

the heart is divided into four chambers called

the atria and ventricles

The left ventricle pumps blood to the \_______

head and lower body

atrium and ventricles are separated by\__________

valves