Semester 2 Theology Vocab Final

Body of Chirst

The most complete image. Origin of this image comes from Jesus himself who taught that what we do to others we do to him. (shared life)

Original sin

the sin of disobedience committed by Adam and Eve that resulted in their loss of original holiness and justice and their becoming subject to sin and death

Protoevangelium

The first Gospel

Covenant

the open-ended contract of love between God and human beings

New Covenant

The climax of Salvation History, the coming of Jesus Christ, the fullness of God's Revelation.

Paschal Mystery

Christ's work of redemption, accomplished principally by his Passion, Death, Resurrection, and glorious Ascension.

Disciples

Followers of Christ

Kingdom of God

the reign or rule of God

Real Presence

the unique and true presence of Christ in the Eucharist under the species or appearance of bread and wine

Apostles

originally, the term referred to the Twelve whom Jesus chose to help him in his earthly ministry

Pentecost

the day when the Holy Spirit descended on the Apostles and gave them the power to preach with conviction the message that Jesus is risen and is Lord of the universe

Magisterium

The official teaching authority of the church

Great Commissioning

the instruction given to the Apostles by Jesus in Matthew 28:16-20 to spread the Gospel to the world and to baptize all nations in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit

Martyr

Someone who has been killed because of their faith

Pharisee

a person who belonged to a religious party or sect in Jesus' day

Marks of the Church

the four essential marks or qualities of the Church: one, holy, catholic, and apostolic

Bride of Christ

Compares the relationship of Jesus and the Church as a husband and wife being of one flesh. In a covenantal marriage two people commit themselves to one another for the rest of their lives; Christ has entered a similar covenant with the Church, and has filled her with his grace

Vines and Branches

Image that teaches that all are members of the Lord's Body, each with individual talents and duties, but all united in the Holy Spirit to Jesus. Emphasizes common goals, ideals, and intimate sharing

Saint Peter

First pope. Special role among Apostles.

Saint Paul

Wrote about unity of members of the Church because of their membership in the Body of Christ

Mary, Mother of God

She is the mother of Jesus and is therefore called \_____, \________ \__ \____.

Saint Ignatius of Antioch

First to refer to a Catholic Church. Wrote "Letter to the Smyraneans." In this letter, he expresses how the office of the bishop is essential in promoting the Church's unity.

Saint Irenaeus

Maintained that the role of the Church is to unite people with Christ.

Saint Clement of Rome

Early pope who asserted the primacy of the papacy over the church in Corinth.

Solidarity

A Christian virtue of charity and friendship whereby members of the human family share material and spiritual goods.

Blessed Trinity

the central mystery of the Christian faith. It teaches that there are three divine persons in one God: father, son, and Holy Spirit

Ecumenism

the movement, inspired and led by the Holy Spirit, that seeks the Union of all Christian religions and eventually the unity of all peoples throughout the world within the Catholic Church

Apostasy

the denial of Christ and the repudiation of the Christian Faith by a baptized Christian

Dogmas

central truths of the catholic faith, defined by the Magisterium, that Catholic are obliged to believe

Heresy

obstinate denial after Baptism to believe a truth that must be believed with divine and Catholic faith, or an obstinate doubt about such truth

Ecumenical Councils

Gatherings of all the Catholic bishops of the world. Determine those things which all the local churches (dioceses) will hold in common.

Schism

A break in Christian unity that takes place when a group of Christians separates itself from the Church. This happens historically when the group breaks in union with the pope.

Idolatry

worshipping something or someone other than the true God

Crusaders

Participants in one of the nine armed expeditions by Christians beginning in 1095 and ending in 1291 that were intended to drive the Muslims out of the Holy Land and, in the process, reunited Christians in the East and West.

Protestant Reformation

an effort to reform the Catholic Church in the sixteenth century, which led to the separation of large numbers of Christians from communion with Rome.

Deposit of Faith

The heritage of faith contained in Sacred Scripture and Sacred Tradition, handed down in the Church from the time of the Apostles, from which the Magisterium draws all that it proposes for belief as being divinely revealed.

Predestination

A false doctrine taught by John Calvin that God determines people for Salvation or damnation before they are born and that no human effort can merit Salvation or entrance into the elect

Motu propio

a Latin term that means "of his own accord" it signifies words in papal documents that were decided by the pope personally.

Apologist

"defender of the faith"a Catholic who works hard to dispel the false rumors about Catholicism and Christianity and who makes the faith appear more reasonable and acceptable to non-Christians

Evangelization

The bringing of Good News of Jesus Christ to others through words and actions.

Episcopal synod

A representative body of bishops assembled periodically by the pope to advise him on important Church concerns. It is not a legislative body.

episcopal collegiality

all the bishops of the Church with the pope as their head. This college together, but never without the pope, has supreme and full authority over the universal Church.

Pontiff

A term that literally means "bridge-builder." It refers to the Bishop of Rome, or pope.

Gnosticism

Heresy that:

* claimed that secret knowledge of salvation was transmitted by Christ to the Apostles or selected followers
* Denied the Resurrection of Christ and would not accept that the Son of God took on human flesh. Said material reality is evil
* Denied the validity of Scripture and the authority of the pope and bishops to rule the church

Arianism

Heresy that:

* denied Jesus' divinity
* Held that Jesus was God's greatest creature who was made before time, but a creature nonetheless

Apollinarinism

Heresy named for a fourth century bishop of Laodicea, claimed that although Jesus had a human body, he had no human soul.

Nestorianism

Heresy named for the patriarch of Constantinople that:

* taught that some of Christ's traits were purely humans and others were purely divine
* Declared Mary was the mother of only Jesus' human self and that she shouldn't be called the mother of God

Monophysitism

Heresy preached by Eastern monks and theologians, held that Christ possessed only a divine nature and that his human nature was absorbed into his divine nature like "a drop of honey into the water of the sea."

Ulrich Zwingli

A Protestant reformer; set up reform Protestantism in Switzerland.

John Knox

Leader of the Protestant Reformation who founded the Presbyterian denomination in Scotland.

King Henry VIII

Caused a doctrinal dispute; wanted to divorce his wife.

Saint John Fisher

Executed by order of Henry VIII during the English Reformation for refusing to accept the king as Supreme Head of the Church of England and for upholding the Catholic Church's doctrine of papal primacy.

Saint Thomas More

Opposed the Protestant Reformation, especially Martin Luther, opposed King Henry's divorce, and hence beheaded. Saw the reformation as a heresy and a threat to the unity of the church. Prevented Lutheran books to be brought into England

Saint Ignatius of Loyola

Founded the Society of Jesuits that served the Pope and therefore emerged as an important political force during the time of the Counter-Reformation

Indulgence

A purchase of the reduction of the amount of punishment one has to undergo for sins.

1054

The East-West Schism

Eastern Orthodox

Also called the orthodox, second largest Christian church, four marks.

Apostolic Succession

The uninterrupted transmission of spiritual authority from the Apostles through successive popes and bishops, taught by the Roman Catholic Church but denied by most Protestants.

Saint Gregory the Great

Increased the temporal power of the papacy and negotiated a peace treaty with the Lombards.

Saint Patrick

Apostle of Ireland

Sacred Tradiition

The living transmission of the Church's Gospel message found in the Church's teaching, life, and worship. It is faithfully preserved, handed on, and interpreted by the Church's Magisterium.

Hypostatic Union

a Greek term employed to describe the Union of the human and divine natures of Jesus Christ, the Son of God, in the one divine person. The First Council of Ephesus used and affirmed this teaching.

Thomas Merton

Cistercian monk after years on a unique spiritual jouney. Baptized in 1938 in New York City. Joined the Trappists in 1941.

Liturgy of the Hours

The prayer of the Church; it is also known as the Divine Office

Transcendence

A trait of God that refers to his total otherness and infinitely beyond and independent of creation

Day of Atonement

Known as Yom Kippur, this is the holiest day of the year for Jewish people

Crusades

The nine armed expeditions by Christians beginning in 1095 and ending in 1291 that were intended to drive the Muslims out of the Holy Land and in the process reunite Christians of the East and West

Inquisition

A Church tribunal established in the 13th century that was designed to curb heretical teachings and belief

Jansenism

Cornelius Jansen, a bishop of the Yrpes.

Taught that human nature was utterly depraved and that God's grace extends to only a few.

Followers of this heresy held that God predetermined some people to Heaven and most others to Hell.

Believed that most Catholics were not worthy to receive Holy Communion.

Negative view of the human body and sexuality.

Quietism

Michael Molinos, a Spanish priest.

Held that human nature was so powerless a person could do nothing to grow in holiness.

Under this view, you should not try to resist temptations since they are God's will.

You should not try to live virtues or concern yourself with Heaven and Hell.

You should actually do nothing except remain quiet in abandonment.

Sacramental graces

The grace of the Holy Spirit, given by Christ, that is proper to each sacrament

Baptism

Forgives Sins.

Makes you a "new creature" who can share in the divine life.

Makes you a member of the Church, the Body of Christ.

Strengthens the opportunity for unity among all Christians.

Seals you with a spiritual mark that can never be repealed.

Confirmation

Roots you more deeply as a child of God

Unites you more to Christ

Increases the Gifts of the Holy Spirits in you

Renders your bind with the Church more perfect

Gives you a special strength of the Holy Spirit to defend and spread the Faith by word and action.

Eucharist

Brings you to greater, more intimate union with Christ

Separates you from sin

Builds the Church through your relationships with others

Penance

Reconciles you with God through the forgiveness of your sins

Reconciles you with the Church

Brings about peace and serenity of conscience

Anointing of the Sick

Offers a particular gift of the Holy Spirit to assist those who are sick; provides a grace to unite the suffering of those who receive it with the Passion of Christ

Offers a particular gift of the Holy Spirit to assist those who are sick in accepting the trials they face.

Provides a grace to unit the suffering of those who receive it with the Passion of Christ

Helps you accept and conform to your impending death (when it is time) as a preparation for the final journey.

Holy Orders

Configures the man to Christ as priest, teacher, and pastor dependent on three degrees of the sacrament so that he can serve as Christ's instrument for the Church.

Confers an indelible spiritual character, and therefore cannot be repeated.

Gives the bishop the power to govern

Empowers the priest to offer the Sacrifice of the Eucharist

Gives the deacon the grace to serve the people

Marriage

Shares a bond established by God himself and indissoluble by human authority

Assures the couple of a lifetime of God's grace by which their love is perfected and their unity strengthened

Consecrates concrete, real ways to live lives of love

Vocation

The calling or destiny we have in this life and in hereafter

Common priesthood of the faithful

The priesthood of all the baptized in which we share in Christ's work of Salvation

Evangelical Counsels

Vows of personal poverty, chastity understood as lifelong celibacy, and obedience to a bishop or to the superior of a religious community

Domestic Chuch

A name for the Christian family

Beatific Vision

Seeing God "face-to-face" in Heaven, the source of our eternal happiness; the final union with the Triune God for all eternity

Saint Francis de Sales

A bishop of Geneva who made ecumenical work a focus of his ministry. He worked to restore peace to the Church after the Council of Trent through preaching and writing. Wanted to reconvert the Calvinists.

Intercession

A prayer of petition for the sake of others

Saint Therese of Lisieux

Carmelite nun who died at early age. Autobiography taken from jounal entries she composed called the Story of a Soul. This story reveals that from her earliest days she was fascinated by love and determined to plumb its depths, regardless of personal cost. Symbol- little flower. "The litte way"

Blessed Pier Giorgio Frassiti

Loved the outdoors and went to great lengths to support justice. Felt kinship with the poor. Had a great love for the Eucharist and deep devotion to the Blessed Sacrament. He attended Mass frequently and would spend hours in prayer before the Blessed Sacrament. "Man of Eight Beatitudes." Died at 25 of polio.

Doctor of the Church

A Church writer of great learning and holiness whose works the Church has highly recommended for studying and living the faith

Mortal Sin

A serious violation of God's law of love that results in the loss of sanctifying grace in the soul of the sinner

Sacramental

A sacred sign(an object, a place, or an action) that resembles the sacraments

Novena

A nine day prayer for a certain intention

Church Father

A traditional designation given to theologians of the first eight centuries whose teachings made a lasting mark of the Church

Annunciation

The visit by the Angel Gabriel to the Virgin Mary to announce that she would be the Mother of the Savior

Immaculate Conception

The belief that Mary was conceived without Original Sin

Assumption

The church dogma that teaches that the Blessed Mother, because of her unique role as the Mother of God, was taken directly to Heaven when her earthly life was over.

Secularization

A process of drawing society away from religious orientation in order to make it more worldly and less influenced by religion

Begotten

A term that means "to bring about"

Pantheism

The belief; in opposition to Christian doctrine; that God and nature are one and the same

Apostolic

One of the marks of the Church, this term comes from \______, which means literally "having been sent."

Contemplation

Wordless prayer whereby a persons mind and heart rest in God's goodness and majesty