All Christianity Scholars - OCR A Level

Plato's view on gender

Saw women as inferior to men

Aristole's view on gender

Saw women as 'more mischievous, less simple,, more impulsive.'

Aquinas' view on gender

Women are created to be subordinate and inferior but some women have a special place in heaven, like the virgin Mary

Browning's opinion on families

2 parent families are not always just and life-enhancing

De beauvoir's views on gender

Even the most independent women suffer from false-consciousness because of the person's lacks of true freedom and self-worth and because women's existence is defined by men.

Taylor's views on gender

True relationships should be equality and financial independence

Daly's view on women

Women are superior to men and ought to govern men as it will lead to a more peaceful society

Bernard's view of marriage and gender

Marriage is generally advantageous for men not women

John Paul II view of gender from the mulieris Dignitatem

Men and women have differing but complementary characteristics

The mulieris Dignitatem's view of women roles

virginity and motherhood

Shaker's view of gender

They believe that women are particularly receptive to the holy spirit and should be in christian leadership

Hampson's view of gender

feminism and christianity are incompatible and don't use the past to prove that our rights should be equal

Augustine's view of women

Women weren't made in the image of God

Tertullia's view of women

Saw women as the devil's gateway

Chan's view of gender and theology

you can't rewrite the story of christianity to give more prominence to women

Ward's view on pluralism

We just have to conclude that beliefs between religions are different and conflicting but reasons for them can be equally valid

Knitter's view on pluralism

All religions should have the aim of liberating humans from suffering, intolerance and falsehood.

Ruether's .view on gender and theology

she argued that christianity has become distorted by patriarchal tradition and is in need of reform

Ruether's view of God's femininity

God is associated with wisdom , and wisdom is associated with femininity, but religion and the over-masculinised messiah has meant that we view God has masculine

Ward's view of interfaith dialogue

IFD is a significant aid in developing global faith

Barnes' view of inter-faith dialogue

IFD is a risky option for christians because it causes them to question the teachings of the church

Rabbi Tabick's views on inter-faith dialogue

interactions between people of different faith communities is important for healing suspicions

Prince Charle's view on pluralism in society

He wants to be called the defender of faith rather than defender of the faith

Pope John Paul II view of the place of inter-faith dialogue and mission in society

IFD should be part of mission

Barth's view on inter-faith dialogue

Christians need to enter into dialogue with deep humility and openness

Ford's view on inter-faith dialogue

IFD is a setting for the exchange of blessings

Knitter's view of inter-faith dialogue

The purpose of IFD isn't purely theological but practical as well

Heim's view of Hick and pluralism

He isn't a true pluralist because he believes that just ethical behaviour will lead to salvation

Kraemer's view on pluralism

non-christians cannot achieve salvation and need to convert to christianity

Barth's view on pluralism

Christ is essential for salvation

Russel's view on pluralism

since religions disagree not more than one can be true

Panikkar's view on pluralism

we need openness in religion and you can be both religions at once

Rahner's view on pluralism

The belief that any religion whose structures develops an openness to God's grace may receive salvation

Calvin's view on pluralism

God elects through his grace a small number of christians for heaven, so simply belonging to christianity and adopting those beliefs does not guarantee salvation

Ward's view on pluralism and theology

The beliefs between religions are different and conflicting but can be equally valid

Plantinga's view on pluralism and theology

exclusivism must be true or even those that don't go to church are saved

Hick's view on pluralism and theology

A philosopher of religion shouldn't restrict their view of religion rather they should be looking at the relationship between religions

What does the church of England's 'sharing the gospel' document say about pluralism?

It encourages churches to go beyond tolerance into positive engagement and dialogue and change.

What does the redemptoris missio say about pluralism?

We can acknowledge that there's truth in all religions and christian mission is necessary

Fletcher's view of Bonhoeffer

approves of Bonhoffer's argument that telling the truth depends on the situation and place

Paul's view on christian moral action

He wrote passages about not challenging authority

Jesus' view on Bonhoffer and christian moral action

Bonhoffer's views were closer to the cross than the hope of resurrection

Augustine's view on Bonhoffer

Even in difficult situations we still must act with faith and hope

Hauerwas' view on Bonhoffer

We shouldn't just tolerate suffering we need to act and strike for the truth

Luther's view of christian moral action and Bonhoeffer

Grace alone is needed for salvation

Jenson's view on Bonhofffer and christian moral action

we should subvert from the norm to obtain the truth

Tillich's view on Christian moral principles

We create our own meaning in life and we shouldn't have strict rules but use situationalism to make decisions based on love.

Catholic church's view on christian moral principles

To the church belongs the right always and everywhere to announce moral principles

Pope Francis' views on christian moral principles

On the moral issues faced by families it is not helpful to try to impose rules by sheer authority

Fletcher's view on christian moral principles

We need to do the most loving thing

J.A.T. Robinson's view on christian moral principles

love is a inbuilt moral compass

Hauerwas' view on christian moral principles

community is important when making decisions

Hay's view on christian moral principles

Reason is always culturally influenced

Turner's view on christian moral principles

Traditions are sometimes snubbed by Jesus when they go against the word of God.

Wilkinson's views on christian moral principles

Strength of a theononmous approach is that the guidance is set out in real life examples

Barth's view on christian moral principles

He says that literalism has its dangers, it falsely gives the bible as divine status due to the many writers.

Mouw's view of christian moral principles

he rejects situationalist approach and it is wrong to see the bible as a list of commands. we need to conform to what the creator wants whether that be from parables or divine dealings doesn't really matter.

Dawkin's view of Jesus

Jesus was a great moral teacher

Hitchen's view of Jesus

Jesus wasn't just a moral teacher

Hume's view of Jesus and miracles

The evidence of miracles not happening far outweighs the evidence that they do

St Paul's view of Jesus' relationship with God

Believers relationship with God is quite different from Jesus's distinct reason with God

Hick's view of Jesus' relationship with God

The way that Jesus was aware of God's will wasn't unique to Jesus, many prophets also had this awareness of God

Hick's view of Jesus and other teachers of wisdom

They are gifts of the world

Apollinaris' view of Jesus

Jesus couldn't have had a human mind, rather Jesus had a human body and lower soul and divine mind

Gregory of Nazianzen's view of Apollinaris' view of Jesus

He rejected apollinaire' idea of half-salvation it does not allow for Jesus to fully save humanity

C.S.Lewis' view of Jesus

You can't accept Jesus as a moral teacher but not the son of God because if he wasn't the son of God he was a lunatic

O'Collins' view of Jesus

We can't answer whether Jesus was aware of his divinity but we know that Jesus knew he stood in a unique relationship with God and had a mission of salvation

Rahner's view of Jesus

For Jesus to have a fully human consciousness, he must have had an unknown future in front of him as this is central to humans. Jesus was like an onion he made many layers his divine consciousness was deep within

Vermes' view of Jesus

Jesus was more jewish than christian tradition admits. Jesus led a jewish renewal movement.

Schillebeeckx's view of Jesus

Jesus' miracles can be interpreted as having a spiritual or metaphorical meaning, not just a literal one.

Swinburne's view of Jesus

Miracles have a deep religious significance and we would expect God to make himself known.

Sander's view of Jesus

There is no way that he christian claims about Jesus being the son of God can be made using history alone.

Wittengstein's view of Jesus

Jesus' authority came from him being a teacher of wisdom

Bultman's view of Jesus

We need to demythologise miracles.

Wright's view of Jesus

Without belief in the resurrection the church wouldn't have developed

Aslan's view of Jesus

Jesus was a revolutionary

The council of Chalcedon's view of Jesus

Jesus is not a mixture of God and man but both simultaneously

Calvin's view of our knowledge of God

We have a sensus divinitas of God

Tennant's view of our knowledge of god

Our ability to understand and recognise beauty comes from God, as it has no evolutionary benefit

Swinburne's view of our knowledge of God

Our powers of observation and reason provide us with good justification for the world showing order, regularity and purpose that led to God

Dawkin's view of our knowledge of God

Faith provides insufficient reason for belief

Polkinghorne's view on our knowledge of God

W have to two eyes one for religion and one for science we need both to see the full picture

Plantinga's view of our knowledge of God

Natural theology can't offer sufficient reason to believe in God

Pope Francis' view on our knowledge of God

Science does not contradict God

Barth's view on our knowledge of God

Revealed theology is the only way that God can be known because all levels were corrupted by the fall

Bonaventure's view of our knowledge of God

We have 3 eyes the eye of contemplation and the eye of reason can can go beyond sense and reason to gain knowledge of God through faith.

Aquinas' view of our knowledge of God

Natural theology is important in demonstrating that christian belief is reasonable. He was keen to show that reason and observation supported christian belief

Hick's view of the knowledge of God

epistemic distance means that God has not revealed himself to us fully The free decision to seek God is more valuable to him than him being obvious to us

Butler and Newman's view of our knowledge of God

Our conscience is our moral compass that proves that God exists

Cicero view of our knowledge of God

All humans have a sense of the divine

Xerophane's view of our knowledge of God

We do not have innate knowledge of God but we have a desire to invest in an authoritative figure that can give our lives structure

Brunner's view of our knowledge of God

The image of God has been destroyed at the physical and emotional level but still remains at the spiritual level and can also be seen in nature

Hick's view on the afterlife

Someone might die and then live continue living in a different world with genuine continuity

Dante's view on the afterlife

Sins are given appropriate punishments in hell

Augustine's view on the afterlife

No human is worthy of heaven it is only through grace that we are able to reach heaven, not moral acts

Calvin's view on the afterlife

We are all predestined for heaven or hell

Barth's view on the afterlife

If we accept christ we are saved if not we won't be saved

St. Paul's view of the afterlife

He believed fully in the resurrection which told christians that they too would be resurrected and transformed in 'another realm' where we are not corrupted

Ambrose's view of the afterlife

Purgatory is were people get a taste of what is to come

Rahner's view of the afterlife

Purgatory is not a place of pain but is where you become aware of the consequences of your sin