Ap Human unit 4 - vocab 2

Electoral College

A group of electors from each state who formally vote for the president based on the state's popular vote.

Popular Vote

The total count of every individual's vote within a geographic area.

Reapportionment

The redistribution of electoral seats among regions based on population changes.

Redistricting

Redrawing voting district boundaries in response to population shifts.

Voting Districts

Geographic areas represented by elected officials in government.

Political Geography

The study of political phenomena and processes across space.

Administered Boundary

A boundary enforced and managed by a government or people.

Antecedent Boundary

A boundary drawn before an area became populated.

Choke Point

A narrow land or water area that greatly reduces movement through it.

Consequent Boundary

A boundary drawn to match cultural divisions like religion or language.

Demilitarized Zone

An area where military forces and actions are not permitted.

Failed State

A state that can no longer provide basic government functions to its people.

Maritime Boundaries

Divisions of ocean areas based on physical or human geography.

Relic Boundary

A boundary that no longer functions but can still be seen in the landscape.

Subsequent Boundaries

Boundaries drawn after an area is populated and shaped by cultural landscapes.

Superimposed Boundaries

Boundaries placed by powerful outsiders, ignoring existing cultural patterns.

East/West Divide

The Cold War-era separation of democratic Western nations and communist Eastern nations.

North/South Divide

Economic division between wealthy Northern Hemisphere countries and poorer Southern Hemisphere countries.

African Union

An organization of African states promoting economic and political cooperation.

Arctic Council

A group of 8 Arctic nations focused on issues affecting Indigenous peoples and the Arctic environment.

ASEAN

A regional organization promoting economic growth and cooperation in Southeast Asia.

Shatterbelt

A region caught between strong external forces with conflict or political tension.

Confederation

A union of independent states cooperating for common purposes.

International Organization

An alliance of countries working together politically or economically.

Irredentism

The belief that a region should be ruled by a country it is ethnically or historically related to.

Supranational Organization

A group of three or more countries forming an institution to achieve shared goals.

Commonwealth of Independent States

A regional organization of former Soviet states cooperating politically and economically.

European Union

A political and economic union of European states promoting free trade and cooperation.

NAFTA / USMCA

A trade agreement between the U.S., Canada, and Mexico reducing trade barriers.

NATO

A military alliance providing mutual defense among member countries.

OPEC

An organization of oil-producing countries that coordinates production and pricing.

United Nations

A global organization promoting international peace, security, and cooperation.

Enclave

A territory completely surrounded by another country.

Exclusive Economic Zone

A sea zone where a country has special rights to marine resources within 200 nautical miles of its coast.

Law of the Sea

Rules defining nations' rights and responsibilities regarding ocean use and resources.

Military Alliances

Agreements between countries to support each other in case of conflict or crisis.