Medterm 2 Integumentary and Digestive

Third degree burn (full thickness)

Involve epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous tissue-often completely destroyed

Healing takes a long time and involves skin grafts

Second degree burn (partial thickness)

Involves epidermis and dermis, with some of dermis still intact

Produce redness, swelling and more severe pain

Healing occurs in 2-3 weeks with minimal scarring

First degree burn

Superficial- involves only the epidermis

Produce inflammation with redness, pain and slight edema

Arrector pili

Smooth muscle in papillary layer of dermis

When contracts (cold)- hair stands up

Apocrine

Sweat glands open into the hair follicle

Alopecia

Partial or complete loss of hair, naturally or from medication

Actinic

pertaining to the sun

Abrasion

area of skin or mucous membrane that has been scraped off

Acne

Inflammatory disease of sebaceous glands and hair follicles

Fourth degree burn

destroy all layers of skin and involve muscles, tendons and sometimes bone

Candidiasis

Infection with yeast like fungus “candida”

Cellulitis

Infection of subcutaneous connective tissue

Comedo

Whitehead or blackhead caused by too much sebum and too many keratin cells blocking the hair follicle

Cryosurgery

Use of liquid nitrogen or argon gas in a probe to freeze

Cuticle

Nonliving epidermis at the base of the fingernails and toenails. Outer layer of hair

Debridement

Removal of necrotic or injured tissue

Decubitus ulcer

Sore caused by laying down for lang periods of time

Pressure between bed and bony projections cut off blood supply to skin

Diaphoresis

Excessive amount of sweating

Eschar

The burned, dead tissue lying on top of a third degree burn

Excoriate

To scratch

Homograft (allograft)

Skin graft from another person or cadaver

Autograft

Graft using tissue from the person that is receiving it

(Auto=self)

Xenograft (heterograft)

A graft from another species

Ex) pigs

Medulla

central core of hair shaft

Loosely connected horny cells & flexible keratin

Cortex

surrounds medulla, tightly compressed keratinized cells

Color determined by melanin pigment

Cuticle (hair)

Outside the cortex, very hard keratinized cells

Incision

A cut or surgical wound

Keloid

Raised, irregular, lumpy, shiny scar due to excess collagen fiber production during healing of a wound

Keratosis

Epidermal lesion of circumscribed overgrowth of the horny layer

Laceration

A tear of the skin

Nail bed

Nail rests on

Formed by stratum basale and stratum spinosum

Melasma

patchy pigmentation of skin

Nail matrix

where new nail cells are formed

Under nail fold

Eponychium

Cuticle- narrow fold of epidermis

Hyponychium

Area below the free edge of the nail

Lunula

Half-moon shaped whitish area, active of nail bed growth

Paronychia

Bacteria infection, usually staphylococcal, of base of the nail fold

Pruritus

Itching

Psoriasis

Rash characterized by reddish, sliver-scaled patches

Rosacea

Persistent erythematous rash of the central face

Shingles

Herpes zoster- painful eruption of vesicles that follows a dermatome or nerve root on one side of the body

Tinea

general term for group of related skin infections caused by diff species of fungi

Vitiligo

non pigmented white patches on otherwise normal skin

Alimentary

Pertaining to the digestive tract

Aphthous ulcer

Painful small oral ulcer (canker sore), caused by stress, illness or trauma

Anorexia

Severe lack of appetite; or an aversion to food

Anus

Sphincter muscle at end of digestive tract

Function: stool exit

Appendix

Small blind projection from the pouch of the cecum

Lymphatic nodules extends down from cecum

Cachexia

General weight loss and wasting of the body

State of ill health/malnutrition

Chyme

Mixture of partially digested food & digestive secretion in stomach/small intestine during digestion

Varicolored, thick, nearly liquid mass

Cirrhosis

Chronic, irreversible disease, replacing normal liver cells with hard, fibrous scar tissue

Cholelithiasis

Condition of having gall stones

Colonoscopy

Endoscopic exam of the colon

Used as screening for colon cancer

Constipation

Hard, infrequent bowel movement

Occurs when fecal movement through large intestine is slow, causing too much water to be reabsorbed by large intestine

Deglutition

The act of swallowing

Diarrhea

frequent passage of loose, unformed, watery stool

Digestion

Breakdown of food into elements suitable for cell metabolism

Diverticulitis

Inflammation of the diverticula (small patches in lining or large intestine)

Causes pain, vomiting, constipation, and fever

Dyspepsia

Epigastric pain with bloating and nausea

Emesis

Vomiting

Enema

introduction of a solution into the rectum and colon to stimulate bowel activity and cause emptying of lower intestine

Epiglottis

Uppermost cartilage flap of larynx covers laryngeal entrance to prevent food/liquid from entering

Esophagus

Muscular tube located behind the trachea; passes through the diaphragm

Carries food/liquids from pharynx to stomach

Fissure

tears in the lining of the anal canal

May occur with difficult bowel movements

Fistula

Abnormal tubelike passage between anal canal and skin of the anus

Occur following abscesses in anal glands

Frenulum (lingual)

Fold of mucous membrane that connects tongue ventrally to the floor of the mouth

Gallbladder

Small, sac-like structure that stores bile; located

Gastritis

Inflammation of the lining of the stomach, producing symptoms of epigastric pain, nauseas, and occasional bleeding

Gingiva

gums

stratified squamous epithelium and dense fibrous connective tissue

Halitosis

Medical term for bad breath

Can be found in association with mouth disorders

Hepatitis

Inflammation of the liver, causing jaundice

Hemorrhoid

Dilated veins in the submucosa of the anal canal

Often associated with constipation, diarrhea, pregnancy

Hernia

Protrusion of a structure through the tissue

Ingestion

Selective intake of food into mouth

Intussusception

When part of small intestine slides into neighboring section of small intestine

Jaundice

Yellow staining of tissues with pile pigments, including billirubin

Cecum

Pouch in lower right quadrant of the abdomen

First part of large intestine

Colon

Part of large intestine- broken into ascending, transverse and descending

Extends from cecum to rectum

Rectum

Terminal part of large intestine, from the sigmoid to the anal canal

Function of large intestine

absorb water, secrete mucous, digestion, elimination of material

Leukoplakia

White plaque on oral mucous membranes, often precancerous

Liver

Body’s largest internal organ

Functions: excrete bile, remove pigment from bilirubin, convert proteins to glucose, remove toxins from blood

Mastication

Chewing

Mesentery

Double layer of peritoneum enclosing the abdominal viscera

Translucent membrane that suspends the intestines

Mouth

Entrance to the digestive tract- first site of mechanical digestion

Omentum

Membrane that drapes over the the intestines

Palate

The roof of your mouth

Anterior 2/3rds bony hard palate, back 1/3rd muscular soft palate

Pancreas

Lobulated (spongey) gland, head is tucked into curve of duodenum

Most of pancreas secretes digestive juices

Papillae

Small, rough raised areas on the tongue

Contain taste buds that react to chemical nature of food

Plicae

A fold/ folded part of mucous membrane

Peristalsis

Waves/contractions and relaxation moves material through alimentary canalAit

Pharynx

Air tube from back of nose to the larynx

Polyp

Masses of tissue that project into the lumen of a hollow organ

Regurgitation

Expelling contents of stomach into the mouth, short of vomiting

Rugae

A fold, ridge or crease

Sjogren syndorme

Rare autosomal recessive disease that produces abnormal skin and nerve development

Immune system attacks the glands that make moisture in eyes, mouth and other parts of body

Duodenum

First part of small intestine: approx 9-10 inches in length

Function: receives chyme from stomach- stomach acid neutralized, fats broken up

Jejunum

Makes up about 40% of small intestines length

Function: chemical digestion and nutrient absorption

Ileum

Makes up about 55% of small intestines length

End part of small intestine

Cardia

The part of the stomach connecting with the esophagus