flight instruments / instrument ground / stage 1

Standard temperature

Under what condition is pressure altitude and density altitude the same value?

When standard atmospheric conditions exist.

Under which condition will pressure altitude be equal to true altitude?

Air temperature warmer than standard

Which condition would cause the altimeter to indicate a lower altitude than actually flown (true altitude)?

In colder than standard air temperature

Under what condition will true altitude be lower than indicated altitude with an altimeter setting of 29.92" Hg?

true altitude at field elementary

Altimeter setting is the value to which the scale of the pressure altimeter is set so the altimeter indicates

setting the altimeter to 29.92" Hg.

Below 18,000 feet, pressure altitude may be obtained by

Set the altimeter to 29.92" Hg and read the altitude indicated.

How can you determine the pressure altitude on an airport without a tower or FSS?

pressure

Which altitude is indicated when the altimeter is set to 29.92" Hg?

6,000 feet

At an altitude of 6,500 feet MSL, the current altimeter setting is 30.42" Hg. The pressure altitude would be approximately

29.92 in Hg

The pressure altitude at a given location is indicated on the altimeter after the altimeter is set to

increase and true altitude will increase

If the outside air temperature increases during a flight at constant power and at a constant indicated altitude, the true airspeed will

true altitude at field elevation

Altimeter setting is the value to which the scale of the pressure altimeter is set so the altimeter indicates

standard datum plane

Pressure altitude is the altitude read on your altimeter when the instrument is adjusted to indicate height above

Altimeter will indicate 150 feet lower.

When an altimeter is changed from 30.11" Hg to 29.96" Hg, in which direction will the indicated altitude change and by what value?

sea level

En route at FL290, the altimeter is set correctly, but not reset to the local altimeter setting of 30.57" Hg during descent. If the field elevation is 650 feet and the altimeter is functioning properly, what is the approximate indication upon landing?

206 feet below MSL

En route at FL290, your altimeter is set correctly, but you fail to reset it to the local altimeter setting of 30.26" Hg during descent. If the field elevation is 134 feet and your altimeter is functioning properly, what will it indicate after landing?

pressure

Which of the following defines the type of altitude used when maintaining FL210?

Set the altimeter to the current reported setting for climb-out and 29.92" Hg upon reaching 18,000 feet.

What is the procedure for setting the altimeter when assigned an IFR altitude of 18,000 feet or higher on a direct flight off airways?

25,000 feet

While you are flying at FL250, you hear ATC give an altimeter setting of 28.92" Hg in your area. At what pressure altitude are you flying?

airport elevation

If you are departing from an airport where you cannot obtain an altimeter setting, you should set your altimeter

ATC periodically advises the pilot of the proper altimeter setting.

How does a pilot normally obtain the current altimeter setting during an IFR flight in Class E airspace below 18,000 feet?

better vertical separation of aircraft

The local altimeter setting should be used by all pilots in a particular area, primarily to provide for

Set the altimeter to the current altimeter setting. The indication should be within 75 feet of the actual elevation for acceptable accuracy.

How should you preflight check the altimeter prior to an IFR flight?

You may continue under IFR using the 100 FPM descent as the "zero" indication.

During taxi, the VSI indicates a 100 FPM descent. How does this indication affect your flight?

resistance to deflection of the spinning wheel or disc.

One characteristic that a properly functioning gyro depends upon for operation is the

may show a slight climb and turn

If a 180° steep turn is made to the right and the aircraft is rolled out to straight-and-level flight by visual references, the attitude indicator

half bar width on the attitude indicator.

As a rule of thumb, altitude corrections of less than 100 feet should be corrected by using a

The horizon bar tilts more than 5° while making taxi turns

Which condition during taxi is an indication that an attitude indicator is unreliable?

The horizon bar should erect and become stable within 5 minutes.

What pretakeoff check should be made of the attitude indicator in preparation for an IFR flight?

The miniature aircraft shows a turn in the direction opposite the skid.

During normal operation of a vacuum-driven attitude indicator, what attitude indication should you see when rolling out from a 180° skidding turn to straight-and-level coordinated flight?

The miniature aircraft would show a slight turn indication to the left.

During normal coordinated turns, what error due to precession should you observe when rolling out to straight-and-level flight from a 180° steep turn to the right?

180° turn

Errors in both pitch and bank indication on an attitude indicator are usually at a maximum as the aircraft rolls out of a

climb

When the aircraft accelerates, the attitude indicator may precess and incorrectly indicate a

descent

When an aircraft is decelerated, some attitude indicators will precess and incorrectly indicate a

attitude indicator shows the approximate pitch attitude appropriate for the 130-knot climb.

While cruising at 160 knots, you wish to establish a climb at 130 knots. When entering the climb (full panel), it is proper to make the initial pitch change by increasing back elevator pressure until the

attitude indicator shows the approximate pitch attitude appropriate for the 160-knot climb

While cruising at 190 knots, you wish to establish a climb at 160 knots. When entering the climb (full panel), it would be proper to make the initial pitch change by increasing back elevator pressure until the

needle is approximately centered and the tube is full of fluid.

Prior to starting an engine, you should check the turn-and-slip indicator to determine if the

The miniature aircraft will show a turn to the left and the ball moves to the right.

What indication should be observed on a turn coordinator during a left turn while taxiing?

The ball moves freely opposite the turn, and the needle deflects in the direction of the turn.

What indications should you observe on the turn-and-slip indicator during taxi?

The miniature aircraft will show a turn to the right and the ball moves to the left.

What indication should be observed on a turn coordinator during a right turn while taxiing?

Rate of roll and rate of turn.

What does the miniature aircraft of the turn coordinator directly display?

Rate of roll and rate of turn.

What indications are displayed by the miniature aircraft of a turn coordinator?

Indirect indication of the bank attitude.

What indication is presented by the miniature aircraft of the turn coordinator?

Ball of the turn coordinator.

Which instrument indicates the quality of a turn?

Horizontal lift component.

What force causes an airplane to turn?

Horizontal lift component.

The rate of turn at any airspeed is dependent upon

Decrease the angle of bank and/or increase the angle of attack.

When airspeed is decreased in a turn, what must be done to maintain level flight?

Centrifugal force is greater than horizontal lift and the load factor is increased.

During a skidding turn to the right, what is the relationship between the component of lift, centrifugal force, and load factor?

Horizontal lift and centrifugal force are equal.

What is the relationship between centrifugal force and the horizontal lift component in a coordinated turn?

Increase the angle of bank and/or decrease the angle of attack.

When airspeed is increased in a turn, what must be done to maintain a constant altitude?

4 minutes

If a half-standard rate turn is maintained, how long will it take to turn 360°?

1 minute

If a standard rate turn is maintained, how long would it take to turn 180°?

1 minute

If a half-standard rate turn is maintained, how much time would be required to turn clockwise from a heading of 090° to a heading of 180°?

Rate of turn would decrease, and radius of turn would increase.

During a constant-bank level turn, what effect would an increase in airspeed have on the rate and radius of turn?

1 minute

If a standard rate turn is maintained, how much time would be required to turn to the right from a heading of 090° to a heading of 270°?

50 seconds

If a standard rate turn is maintained, how much time would be required to turn to the left from a heading of 090° to a heading of 300°?

1 minute 30 seconds

If a half-standard rate turn is maintained, how long would it take to turn 135°?

decreasing airspeed and increasing the bank.

Rate of turn can be increased and radius of turn decreased by

vertical component of lift has decreased as the result of the bank.

The primary reason the angle of attack must be increased, to maintain a constant altitude during a coordinated turn, is because the

increase as angle of bank increases.

The displacement of a turn coordinator during a coordinated turn will

Increase the angle of bank and/or decrease the angle of attack.

When airspeed is increased in a turn, what must be done to maintain a constant altitude?

After 5 minutes, set the indicator to the magnetic heading of the aircraft and check for proper alignment after taxi turns.

What pretakeoff check should be made of a vacuum-driven heading indicator in preparation for an IFR flight?

swing freely and indicate known headings.

On the taxi check, the magnetic compass should

The compass will indicate the approximate correct magnetic heading if the roll into the turn is smooth.

What should be the indication on the magnetic compass as you roll into a standard rate turn to the left from an east heading in the Northern Hemisphere?

The compass will indicate the approximate correct magnetic heading if the roll into the turn is smooth.

What should be the indication on the magnetic compass as you roll into a standard rate turn to the right from an easterly heading in the Northern Hemisphere?

The compass will indicate a turn to the right, but at a faster rate than is actually occurring.

What should be the indication on the magnetic compass as you roll into a standard rate turn to the right from a south heading in the Northern Hemisphere?

90° and 270°

On what headings will the magnetic compass read most accurately during a level 360° turn, with a bank of approximately 15°?

The magnetic dip characteristic.

What causes the northerly turning error in a magnetic compass?

The compass will indicate a turn to the left, but at a faster rate than is actually occurring

What should be the indication on the magnetic compass when you roll into a standard rate turn to the left from a south heading in the Northern Hemisphere?

The compass will indicate the approximate correct magnetic heading if the roll into the turn is smooth.

What should be the indication on the magnetic compass as you roll into a standard rate turn to the right from a westerly heading in the Northern Hemisphere?

The compass will initially indicate a turn to the left.

What should be the indication on the magnetic compass as you roll into a standard rate turn to the right from a northerly heading in the Northern Hemisphere?

The compass will indicate the approximate correct magnetic heading if the roll into the turn is smooth.

What should be the indication on the magnetic compass as you roll into a standard rate turn to the left from a west heading in the Northern Hemisphere?

The compass will initially indicate a turn to the right.

What should be the indication on the magnetic compass as you roll into a standard rate turn to the left from a north heading in the Northern Hemisphere?

AHRS

The primary flight display (PFD) receives attitude and heading data from the

Increase of indicated airspeed during a climb.

If both the ram air input and drain hole of the pitot system are blocked, what airspeed indication can be expected?

No change until an actual climb rate is established, then indicated airspeed will increase.

If both the ram air input and the drain hole of the pitot system are blocked, what reaction should you observe on the airspeed indicator when power is applied and a climb is initiated out of severe icing conditions?

The airspeed indicator will react as an altimeter.

What indication should a pilot observe if an airspeed indicator ram air input and drain hole are blocked?

like an altimeter as the aircraft climbs and descends

If the pitot tube ram air pressure hole and drain hole become obstructed, the airspeed indicator will operate

The VSI pointer would remain at zero regardless of the actual rate of descent.

What would be the indication on the VSI during entry into a 500 FPM actual descent from level flight if the static ports were iced over?

The vertical speed to momentarily show a climb.

If, while in level flight, it becomes necessary to use an alternate source of static pressure vented inside the airplane, which of the following should the pilot expect?

The airspeed indicator only.

During flight, if the pitot tube becomes clogged with ice, which of the following instruments would be affected?

The altimeter will read higher than normal, airspeed greater than normal, and the VSI will momentarily show a climb.

If while in level flight, it becomes necessary to use an alternate source of static pressure vented inside the airplane, which of the following variations in instrument indications should the pilot expect?

Cross-check, instrument interpretation, and aircraft control.

What is the correct sequence in which to use the three skills used in instrument flying?

Cross-check, instrument interpretation, and aircraft control.

What are the three fundamental skills involved in attitude instrument flying?

Instrument cross-check

What is the first fundamental skill in attitude instrument flying?

When ground speed increases, rate of descent must increase.

What effect will a change in wind direction have upon maintaining a 3° glide slope at a constant true airspeed?

must be decreased if the ground speed is decreased

The rate of descent required to stay on the ILS glide slope

increased if the ground speed is increased.

To remain on the ILS glidepath, the rate of descent must be

Ground Speed

The rate of descent on the glide slope is dependent upon

Power only.

The glide slope and localizer are centered, but the airspeed is too fast. Which should be adjusted initially?

increase as the ground speed increases.

During a precision radar or ILS approach, the rate of descent required to remain on the glide slope will

Aircraft control

What is the third fundamental skill in attitude instrument flying?

less than a full bar width on the attitude indicator.

As a rule of thumb, altitude corrections of less than 100 feet should be corrected by using

altimeter, airspeed indicator, and VSI.

In addition to the attitude indicator, the pitch control instruments are the

Attitude indicator, altimeter, and VSI.

Which instruments should be used to make a pitch correction when you have deviated from your assigned altitude?

airspeed, air density, wing design, and angle of attack

Conditions that determine the pitch attitude required to maintain level flight are

10 percent

Approximately what percent of the indicated vertical speed should be used to determine the number of feet to lead the level-off from a climb to a specific altitude?

10 percent of the vertical speed.

To level off from a descent to a specific altitude, the pilot should lead the level-off by approximately

Attitude Indicator

For maintaining level flight at constant thrust, which instrument would be the least appropriate for determining the need for a pitch change?

simultaneously reduce power and adjust the pitch using the attitude indicator as a reference to maintain the cruising airspeed.

To enter a constant-airspeed descent from level cruising flight, and maintain cruising airspeed, the pilot should