PSYC 2210 Exam 3

personal construct theory

we aren’t biologically drive, we construct ourselves based on the info we take in from our environment

performative theory of gender

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gender is not fixed, it's our actions. Gender boundaries are transmitted through culture, gender roles define our gender identity (not expressions of identity) 

Alice Dregger

Hermaphrodites and the Medical Intervention of Sex; investigates unethical medical treatment of intersex, studies social constraints of being intersex

Nancy Chodorow

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feminist; women connect sex with intimacy and value; men are more goal, pleasure and performance oriented, women have weak heterosexuality, sexuality emerges in development

Adrienne Rich

feminist; social pressures create gender-divided het order, het as extension of natural order, lesbianism means making a commitment to women

Catherine MacKinnon

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 sexuality as product of men’s power, to control, sexuality defines women as het and as mothers, sexual liberation involves life that reflects needs and desires; drafted legislation w/ Dworkin to allow people to sue porn for gender discrimination

script theory of sexuality

sexuality is learned, we are taught sexual scripts, sexuality is a product of labeling

Weeks

essentialism and constructionist theories of sexuality

performance perspective

our behavioral performances define who we are

metrosexual

men who identify as masculine and heterosexual and embrace stereotyped female/feminine behaviors

gender is a process

day to day interactions reinforce gender as opposites

gender is stratified

men have more status and power

gender is structured

gender divides work and economic production

sexology

sexuality is core of being human, driving force, sexual instinct is heterosexual

Marxism

economy shapes sexual culture, anything that interferes with production is bad, workers avoid indulgence, sexuality disruptive, procreative sex only acceptable, sex to sell

online romances

present ideal, not fictitious self, evolve through initial idealization phase, enhancer but not substitute

model penal code of 1962

decriminalized adult consensual behavior

hyde amendment

cut off funds for abortion and required parent notification

Miller v. California

defined obscenity

Skinner v. Oklahoma

no sterilization of criminals

Eisenstadt v. Baired

contraceptives for unmarried

Roth v. US

sex speech that appeals to prurient interests is obscene

Memoirs of Women of Pleasure v. Mass

narrowed obscenity

Baehr v. Lewin

Hawaii court decision that said that keeping gays and lesbians away from marriage is gender discrimination

normal gay

pop-culture defined gay as only being acceptable if gender conventional, sex is linked to intimacy and love, Protestant work values, and national pride

Puritans

sex as positive part of het marriage

Victorians

sexual instinct is heterosexual, only marriage can control it, women responsibility to control men’s

infant sexuality

reflexive, capacity for sexual response, sexual behavior is normal, engage in self-pleasuring but no ejaculation

childhood sexuality

masturbation at 2-3

sex play at 4-7 (often same sex)

marriage script 5-7

gendered play 8-9

interest in body changes 10-11

gonadoptropins

pituitary hormones that stimulate activity to gonads and increase around 9-10 years old

first ejaculation

13 years old

first sperm

14 years old

growth spurt

sex hormones

growth hormone

insulin-like growth factor 1

miscegenation

sex between different races

swinging

exchanging of marital partners

**acquired sexual disorder**

specific time

**generalized type**

all partners

situational type

specific situations or partnersper

performance standards

expectancies for sexual functioning set by social, cultural and personal experiences

sexual dysfunctions

must cause personal distress, feelings and history are critical in diagnosis

hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD)

loss of sexual attraction or interest

desire discrepancy

sexual partners have discrepancies in preferences

persistent genital arousal disorder (PGAD)

spontaneous, intrusive and unwanted genital arousal (usually women)

male coital anorgasmia

difficulty in intercourse

partner anorgasmia

difficulty with partner manual or oral stimulation

male erectile disorder

difficulty achieving and maintaining erection for 3 months, treated w viagra, levitra, cialis (lasts 36 hrs)

priapris

erection does not subside

female sexual arousal disorder

can be subjective or genital

vaginismus

involuntary constriction of outer vaginal muscles, tension makes sex impossible or painful, causes dyspareunia

dyspareunia

pain that is experienced persistently during sex, can have it without vaginismus, men can have it

genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder

pain with partial vaginal entry, during intercourse and after

vestibulodynia

small area at entrance of vag that causes severe pain

causes of pelvic pain

jarring ovaries, stretching of uterine ligaments, endometriosis

graduated cylinders

used for vaginismus

premature ejaculation

too rapid for his/partner’s sexual enjoyment, can be treated with SSRIs

female orgasmic disorder

inability to reach orgasm or difficulty reaching it through any form of stim, causes distress

biological causes of sexual dysfunction

spinal cord injury, blocked arteries, diabetes, high BD/heart condition; alc, drugs, meds (anti-dep, antihypertensive, GI, antihistamine, birth control, methadone, finasteride)

psychological causes of sexual dysfunction

performance anxiety, spectatoring, distractions, rel concern

relationship causes of sexual dysfunction

lack of comm/intimacy/compat, power/trust/fear struggle

medical treatments of sexual dysfunction

androgens, viagra, levitra, cialis, topical creams, muscle relaxant *papaverine*, antidepressants

vacuum and constriction devices

splintlike penile supports, penis pumped up; **prosthetic devices** - semirigid, bendable rods, inflatable tubular devices surgically implanted into penis

psychotherapeutic treatment of sexual dysfunction

couples/group/CBT therapy (sys desens)

sensate focus

M+J, gets at distraction/anxiety, begins nongenital (hugging/holding/massage), gets couple to focus on feeling

squeeze technique

premature ejaculation treatment

stimulate nerve on underside of penis, squeezing it causes a refractory period

kegel exercises

pelvic muscle strengthening for pubococcygeal muscle, increases ability to experience orgasm

stop-start technique

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treatment for premature ejac - stimulate penis until orgasm and then stop until sensation goes away

neoplasm

new cell

cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)

precancer and early

invasive cancer of the cervix (ICC)

advanced and dangerous, can be caused by HPV, very curable

uterine cancer

4th most common, rising because of obesity

ovarian cancer

most deadly rep cancer for women, mainly develops in older women

breast cancer

can be inherited, risk factors being over 55, obesity (adipose tissue produces estrogen), radiation, early menarche, breast density, no birth/birth after 30, drugs

mammography

does not diagnose

testicular cancer

young men, remove to cure, very curable

endometrial hyperplasia

excessive proliferation of cells in **endometrium** or inner lining of uterus

fibroid tumors

benign on or in uterus

polycystic ovary syndrome

noncancerous cysts, can be caused by elevated androgens, can cause infertility, irregular periods, pelvic pain

epididymitis

inflammation, caused by infection (chlamydia)

chlamydia

bacterial

most common bacterial, hard to clear, asymptomatic, high rates in south, vaginal or anal sex, oral sex can get throat, infants blind or pneumonia, treated w antibiotics

women 2 types - pelvic inflammatory disease and trachoma

pelvic inflammatory disease

chlamydia

uterus and pelvis, bacteria from cervix goes into uterus and fallopian tubes

trachoma

chlamydia

conjunctivitis

gonorrhea

inflamed mucous membrane, bigger cell, south, inflammation of vagina, anus, throat, urethra; inflammation and infection, treated w dual antibiotics

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men show symptoms, treated with antibiotic

gonococcal urethritis

urination painful

gonococcal ophthalmia

infection of eye

gonococcal cervicitis

inflamed cervix, can scar or abcess

nongonococcal urethritis (NGU)

inflamed urethral tube, common in males, treated with antibiotic, similar to gonorrhea

syphilis

spiral shaped, bloodborne, treated with antibiotic

primary syphilis

**shanker** (sore) at site of infection - penis for men, first stage - body rash, infection, swollen glands in groin

secondary syphilis

spirals bloodborne, systemic problem, primary symptoms gone, infection curable

tertiary syphilis

untreatable, in organs

candidiasis

yeast infection

herpes

most common std

HSV-1

sores on mouth/lips

in kids

HSV-2

sores on genitals

genital herpes

primary and recurrent, blistering at site, inflamed nerves, more transmissible w active symptoms

primary herpes

treated with antiviral; outbreak with things that suppress immune system, prodromal periods

HPV

genital warts, linked to cervical and genital cancer, treated with gardasil ONLY STI WITH VACCINE

HIV

retrovirus, transmitted with contact to blood-derived fluids, anal highest risk, vaginal accounts for most infections, trajectory is 10-12 years before sickness, untreated causes AIDS, treatable, one pill a day, treatment to prevent infection, not curable

primary HIV

huge viral load

viral hepatitis

liver function, hep B most common, jaundiced skin, vaccines for A and B, C more serious