ans 230 e3 questions

T

Grasses, when compared with legumes, are typically lower in calcium. T/F

2:1

In general, a reasonable Ca:P ratio to have in the diet would be:

Ergosterol

The provitamin form of Vit D in plants is

7-Dehydrocholesterol

The provitamin form of Vit D in skin is:

hydroxylation

The reaction that activates provitamin forms into Vit D is commonly known as:

\-water in feeds

\-drinking and metabolic water

\
\

what can be a source of water to the animal?

fats

Which nutrient results in the greatest amount of water when oxidized?

A

Water requirements can be estimated based on the metabolic rate of the animal. T/F

T

Heat is a major end product of cellular metabolism. T/F

acetyl CoA

Which compound is considered the most basic from a cellular metabolic perspective?

retained

Biological value is an estimate of the amount of N that is _______ by the animal.

vit C

Scurvy, also known as the disease of discovery, is due to a deficiency of

muscular dystrophy

. Rickets in young animals is similar to ______in adult animals.

hyponatremia

The loss of NaCl commonly observed during exercise is referred to as

hydroxylated

Cholecalciferol has to be ______at the 1, 25 positions before it is metabolically active

vit B12

This vitamin, also known as the “cow manure factor” is synthesized by microbial fermentation

Na and K

These minerals are critical for acid-base and osmotic balance

F

Vitamins are included in small amounts and used primarily to meet the energy requirement of animals T/F

fat soluble

These vitamins are generally stored in the body and can result in potential toxicity

F

Liver content of Vitamin A is very similar across all species of domestic and wild animals T/F

E

1\. Which of the following processes result in heat production?

A. Digestion

C. Waste product formation

B. Fermentation

D. Nutrient metabolism

E. All of the above

They all have a short shelf life b. They all need lipids for absorption c. They are sensitive to heat

\
fat solube

What is a common characteristic among Vitamins A, D, E and K?

vit B 1 2 and 6

When formulating diets for ruminants which of the following vitamin is typically not included in the diet

vit b12

This vitamin is synthesized by microbes and has a requirement for cobalt.

vit D

has a profound influence on calcium and phosphorus metabolism.

Cr

This mineral is part of the glucose tolerance factor molecule and required for normal glucose entry into cells.

zinc

Horses grazing grass pasture fed a supplement high in this mineral can see a decrease in calcium absorption

calcitonin

inhibits the activation of Vitamin D

T

Increasing the amount of minerals in the diet can reduce the amount that is absorbed. T/F

water in feeds

There are many sources of water for animals. This source of water in particular can be highly variable in terms of meeting water intake requirements of animals.

F

The largest source of body water loss is feces T/F

hydremia

is a condition of water intoxication seen commonly in puppies and exhibits symptoms similar to lack of Na, anorexia and lethargy.

vit b12

This vitamin is only synthesized by microbes and was the most recent vitamin to be discovered

rickets

A common vitamin D deficiency recorded as early as 110 A.D.

β carotene

The provitamin for Vitamin A is:

cats

In these animals, 7-dehydrocholesterol is not converted to Vit D.

stimulates hydroxylation to form 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol

Parathyroid hormone

vit E

“White muscle disease’ is commonly associated with a deficiency of:

F

“White muscle disease’ is commonly associated with a deficiency of T/F

T

Monogastrics have a more rapid rate of body water turnover when compared with ruminants. T/F

humans

Lavoisier’s classical experiment to measure metabolic activity was conducted using:

\-increases with an increase in the undigestible fraction in the diet

\-decreases with a decrease in environmental temperature

\-decreases with a decrease in concentration of ketones, glucose and urea

Water loss in animals

they are adaptive heterotherms i.e. they can regulate body temperature as well as adjust to environmental changes

Camels are able to go without water for extended periods because:

polioencephalomalacia and beriberi

deficiency of vitamin B1 r thiamine results in

Mg?

grassy tenanty is a problem seen in cattle grazing lush pasture du to definecy in

hydroxyapatite

Most of the calcium and phosphorus occur in bones and teeth as a compound called:

thiamine

A deficiency of this vitamin results in polioencephalomalacia in ruminants:

bicarbonate buffer

The pH of the body fluids is stabilized by buffer systems. Which of the following is the most effective buffer system at physiological pH?

Na K and Ca

Examples of cations

7\.35-7.45

normal range of pH in blood

the high heat of vaporization

Which one of the following properties of water is most responsible for the evaporative cooling in animals?

\-amino acid composition

\-amino acid digestibility

\-amino acid bioavailability

factors important to determine protein quality of a feed

measure heat production as function of 02 consumption and co2 production

indirect calorimetry

\-total urinary N

\-total fecal N

\-endogenous urinary N

\-metabolic fecAL N

to accurately measure N balance in animals one must determine

\-nutrient digestion in the gastrointestinal tract of animals

\-nutrient fermentation by rumen microbes

\-waste production formation

functions that result in heat increment

T

BV is one measure of protein quality and is calculated by measuring N retained as a % of N absorbed T/F

\-basal metabolism (maintenance)

\-GI microbes

\-HI of feeding

heat is produced via

20\.5 ?

an animal consumes 22g of total N. Fecal and urinary N are 1.5 g and 2.0g how much N was absorbed?

theory of relavity

which thermodynamic principle links energy to mass

protein efficiency ration (PER)

several methods are available to evaluate the quality of protein the method that use weight gain (BW) and intake of animal is called

16

Proteins in general contain ____% N

postive

Pregnant animals typically exhibit _______nitrogen balance

negative

Animals experiencing stress or trauma would have a ______nitrogen balance.

urea

Excess dietary nitrogen is excreted mainly in the form of:

F

Excess dietary amino acids are diverted toward tissue growth and not energy. T/F

The alpha-amino group must be removed

For amino acids to be used for energy:

Compounds used for anabolic and catabolic reactions

What are amphibolic intermediates?

eggs

Which of the following has the highest biological value?

a. Eggs

b. Fish

c. Whole wheat

d. Beans

BV

is a measure of the proportion of the absorbed protein that is incorporated into body protein

NPV

combines the inefficiencies of digestion with the imbalance of amino acids

85 g

An animal consumes 100 g of protein. Fecal N is 15 g and Urinary N loss is 15g. What is the amount of N absorbed

70 g

What is the amount of N retained based on the example above?

horse

_______is a monogastric herbivore with post-gastric fermentation.

a. Cow

b. Kangaroo

c. Horse

d. Chicken

SCFA.

. These are a main source of energy and produced primarily by microbial fermentation.

abomasum

The ‘True’ stomach in ruminants is referred to as the:

A

Which of the following animal has the greatest total gastric capacity? a. Cow

b. Dog

c. Horse

d. Cat

small intestine

Most of the nutrient absorption takes place in this region of the GI tract:

* Parotid
* Sublingual
* Mandibular

The main function of these glands is to produce saliva/

dogs and cats

Amylase is absent in the saliva of:

lipase

This enzyme is found in the saliva of nursing animals or animals on a high-milk diet like calves

chief

cells are responsible for the secretion of pepsinogen.

parietal

cells are responsible for the secretion of HCl

glycoproteins or IFs

. Parietal cells secrete _____ needed to absorb Vitamin B12.

proventriculus

chickens true stomach is called?

gizzard and ventriculus

In poultry, this region is mainly responsible for mechanical grinding and reduction of particle size of feed

passive tranport and facilitated diffusion

Channel proteins that provide corridors to allow a specific molecule or ion to cross the membrane down a concentration gradient is an example of:

intake

When determining forage quality which one of the following is most difficult to determine?

F

In general, a feedstuff labelled as feed a ‘Meal’ is considered to have a smaller amount of protein content when compared to a feedstuff labelled as a ‘Feed’ ex: corn gluten meal vs corn gluten feed T/F

parakeratosis

The feeding of excess grains can cause an acid overload and result in:

* intake
* rate of passage
* processing

What are 3 key parameters that can affect digestibility?

F

8\. When formulating diets we need to know that animals eat percentages not amounts. T/F

1000 divide by 4 =250 g

The energy requirement for an animal is 1000 kcal/d. The concentration of energy in the diet is 4 kcal/g. How much does the animal need to consume to meet its daily energy requirement

20 divide by 2 =10%

If the expected intake of an animal is 20 lb and the animal’s crude protein requirement is 2 lb what percent protein does the diet have to be to meet its protein requirement?

50 x .30 = 15

The daily feed intake of an animal is 50 lb. Feed dry matter content is 30 %. What is the dry matter intake of the animal?

it can only be used in two feeds at a time

What is one major limitation of using the Pearson Square for balancing rations?

indirect

_____calorimetry is based on the amount of heat produced in chemical reactions by measuring O2 and CO2

D

Measuring GE of feeds is of little value because:

a. Digestibility among feeds is not the same

b. Energy released from feeds is variable

c. Gross energy can be similar between feeds

d. All of the above

digestible energy

Subtracting fecal energy from feed energy gives an estimate of:

metabolizable enegy

Subtracting energy in urine and gas from digestible energy gives an estimate of

net energy of feed

Measuring heat of fermentation and heat of nutrient metabolism is required to estimate: