Beginning Latin NLE

quis

who

quid

what

ubi

when, where

cūr

why

quot

how many

carthage

Rome's enemy in northern africa

carpe diem

seize the day

tempus fugit

time flies

Colosseum

amphitheater for gladiator fights, animal fights/hunt

Curia

Senate meeting house

Campus Martius

field for voting, gathering army, in Rome, 'the field of Mars'

Forum

businesss, social and town center

Horatius

defended bridge against Lars Porsenna & Etruscans (invading trives)

Cinncinnatus

retired soldier, left farm to lead army and saved Rome, retired to farm

Ostia

port city of Rome

bene

well

male

badly

hodie

today

semper

always

saepe

often

ablative

only object of SIDSPACE prepositions: sub, in, dē, sine, prō, ā (ab), cum, ē (ex)

if you see an ablative noun you can "by" to the translation

sub

under

in

in, on

dē

down from, about

prō

in front of, for

ā, ab

away from, from

cum

with

sine

without

ē, ex

out of, from

inter

between, among

prope

near

neque...neque

neither...nor

numquam

never

Quam!

How! (if first in sentence, can also be who/which)

nōlī + infinitive

You do not \___ (negative command)

nōlīte + infinitive

Y'all do not \___ (negative command)

ego

I (nom.)

tū

you singular (nom.)

nōs

we, us (nom. or acc.)

vōs

you plural, y'all (nom. or acc.)

mē

me (acc. or abl.)

tē

you (acc. or abl.)

mea culpa

my bad

imperative plus -te

be \____ plural (command)

tunica

tunic (worn by all)

soleae

sandals

palla

shawl (worn by women when outside over dress)

stola

floor-length dress (worn by women)

toga

toga (male roman citizens wore over tunic)

bulla

charm or amulet for children

Palatine hill

where emperor's 'palace' was

Pantheon

a temple with a domed roof, 'oculus - eye' to all the gods in rome

forum

public area and center of Roman cities for politics, religion, commercial, economic, legal, social things

via appia

a road connecting Rome and Brundisium

vocative

When speaking to someone, -us becomes an -e

caput

head

os, oris

mouth

manus

hand

pes, pedes

feet

oculus

eye

thermae

baths

iter facere

to make a journey

poterat

he/she/it was able

insulae

apartment, islands

Circus Maximus

chariot races, horses important

Romulus and Remus

twin brothers who were raised by wolves and founded the city of Rome, sons of Mars and a priestess (princess Sylvia), Romulus killed Remus

in + acc

into, onto

in + abl.

in, on

mare nostrum

our sea (Mediterranean)

tibi

to/for you

nobis

us, we (dative or ablative)

vobis

y'all (dative or ablative)

qui, quae, quod

who, which

Adjectives must agree with nouns

gender (masculine, feminine, neuter), case (nominative, vocative, genitive, dative, accusative, ablative), and number (singular or plural)

cras

tomorrow

heri

yesterday

ibi

there

mox

soon

statim

at once

subito

suddenly

tum

then

lente

slowly

celeriter

quickly

quomodo

how

Most adverbs end in

-e or -er

aut

or

neque

and not

ecce!

look!

quod

because

sed

but

imperative

base of the verb

paterfamilias

head of the house

quid agis?

how are you?

quid nomen est tibi?

what is your name?

quis est?

who is it?

quid est?

what is it?

sic

yes

certe

certainly