Biology - Mitosis and Meiosis

which phase is this (which kind of reproduction?)

interphase, meiosis

which phase is this (which kind of reproduction?)

interphase, mitosis

Interphase accounts for ___% of the cell cycle.

90

Interphase is a time of _______:

high metabolic activity

What are the three phases of Interphase?

G1, S, G2

In G1, what happens?

the cell grows by producing proteins and organelles.

In S, what happens?

DNA replication occurs, forms 2 sister chromatids out of each chromosome

In G2, what happens?

the nuclear envelope forms, 2 centrosomes are formed from replication.

A (which phase is this?)

centrosome with centriole pair, interphase

B (which phase is this?)

chromatin (duplicated), interphase

C (which phase is this?)

plasma membrane, interphase

D (which phase is this?)

nuclear envelope, interphase

E (which phase is this?)

nucleolus, interphase

F (which phase is this?)

cytoplasm, interphase

G (which phase is this?)

aster, interphase

mitosis is division of the ___, but cytokinesis is division of the _____.

nucleus, cytoplasm

what are the five phases of mitosis?

prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

in prophase, what happens?

nucleolus disappears, chromosomes are visible and duplicated chromosomes join together at the centromere (makes 2 sister chromatids), early mitotic spindle begins to form, centrosomes move away from each other.

this is the specialized region where duplicated chromosomes are connected:

centromere

the mitotic spindle is made up of what?

microtubules and the 2 centrosomes

which phase is this (which kind of reproduction?)

prophase, mitosis

A (what phase is this?)

centromere with centriole pair, prophase

B (what phase is this?)

early mitotic spindle, prophase

C (what phase is this?)

plasma membrane, prophase

D (what phase is this?)

nuclear envelope, prophase

E (whole thing) (what phase is this?)

aster, prophase

F (what phase is this?)

centromere, prophase

G (what phase is this?)

chromosome with 2 sister chromatids, prophase

H (what phase is this?)

cytoplasm, prophase

in prometaphase, what happens?

nuclear envelope fragments, the centromere has a special protein structure called the kinetochore, microtubules from the centrosomes extend to the middle of the cell. some attach to the kinetochore, making them kinetochore microtubules. nonkinetochore microtubules interact with the other microtubules

A (what phase is that?)

kinetochore in centromere, prometaphase

B (what phase is that?)

chromosome with 2 sister chromatids, prometaphase

C (what phase is that?)

centrosome with centriole pair, prometaphase

D (what phase is that?)

aster, prometaphase

E (what phase is that?)

nonkinetochore microtubule, prometaphase

F (what phase is that?)

kinetochore microtubule, prometaphase

G (what phase is that?)

spindle, prometaphase

H (what phase is that?)

plasma membrane, prometaphase

I (what phase is that?)

cytoplasm, prometaphase

what happens in metaphase?

longest stage of mitosis at 20 mins, the chromosomes lie along the metaphase plate with their centromeres on the equator, the centrosomes are on opposite sides of the cell

A (which phase is this?)

plasma membrane, metaphase

B (which phase is this?)

cytoplasm, metaphase

C (which phase is this?)

metaphase plate, metaphase

D (which phase is this?)

kinetochore at centromere, metaphase

E (which phase is this?)

chromosome with 2 sister chromatids, metaphase

F (which phase is this?)

nonkinetochore microtubule, metaphase

G (which phase is this?)

kinetochore microtubule, metaphase

H (which phase is this?)

spindle, metaphase

I (which phase is this?)

aster, metaphase

J (which phase is this?)

centrosome with centriole pair, metaphase

what happens in anaphase?

shortest stage of mitosis at only a few minutes, 2 sister chromatids seperate to become daughter chromosomes, kinetochore microtubules shorten as the daughter chromosomes move to the ends of the cell, nonkinetochore microtubules elongate

A (which phase is this?)

plasma membrane, anaphase

B (which phase is this?)

cytoplasm, anaphase

C (which phase is this?)

aster, anaphase

D (which phase is this?)

kinetochore microtubule, anaphase

E (which phase is this?)

nonkinetochore microtubule, anaphase

F (which phase is this?)

centrosome with centriole pair, anaphase

G (which phase is this?)

daughter chromosomes, anaphase

H (which phase is this?)

kinetochore at centromere, anaphase

I (which phase is this?)

spindle, anaphase

what happens in telophase?

mitosis is completed, 2 daughter nuclei begin to form, 2 nuclear envelopes form around the chromosomes, 2 nucleoli begin to form, chromosomes become less dense

A (which phase is this?)

cleavage furrow, telophase

B (which phase is this?)

nucleolus forming, telophase

C (which phase is this?)

nuclear envelope forming, telophase

D (which phase is this?)

aster, telophase

E (which phase is this?)

centrosome with centriole pair, telophase

F (which phase is this?)

plasma membrane, telophase

G (which phase is this?)

cytoplasm, telophase

H (which phase is this?)

nucleus forming, telophase

what happens in cytokinesis in animal cells?

the division of the cytoplasm, begins with the formation of a cleavage furrow. microfilaments made of actin pinch the cell to create 2 daughter cells

A (which phase is this?)

contractile ring of microfilaments, cytokinesis

B (which phase is this?)

plasma membrane, cytokinesis

C (which phase is this?)

cleavage furrow, cytokinesis

D (which phase is this?)

cytoplasm, cytokinesis

E (which phase is this?)

nucleus, cytokinesis

F (which phase is this?)

nucleolus, cytokinesis

G (which phase is this?)

nuclear envelope, cytokinesis

H (which phase is this?)

aster, cytokinesis

I (which phase is this?)

centrosome with centriole pair, cytokinesis

describe plant cytokinesis:

vesicles form the cell plate which creates 2 plasma membranes. these 2 membranes fuse with the outer membrane, creating the daughter cells. cellulose is added to the middle lamella to create a new cell wall.

A (which phase is this?)

vesicles containing plasma membrane material, plant cytokinesis

B (which phase is this?)

cell wall, plant cytokinesis

C (which phase is this?)

plasma membrane, plant cytokinesis

D (which phase is this?)

nucleus, plant cytokinesis

E (which phase is this?)

nucleolus, plant cytokinesis

F (which phase is this?)

nuclear envelope, plant cytokinesis

G (which phase is this?)

cell plate, plant cytokinesis

H (which phase is this?)

new cell wall, plant cytokinesis

I (which phase is this?)

daughter cells, plant cytokinesis

J (which phase is this?)

cytoplasm, plant cytokinesis

what happens in interphase (meiosis?)

nucleus is enclosed in a nuclear envelope

what happens in prophase 1?

longest phase of meiosis, 90%, nucleolus disappears, mitotic spindle begins to form, chromosomes condense and become visible, sister chromatids formed, centrosomes move away from each other, homologous chromosomes connect to form the synaptonemal complex. this is called synapsis. when pieces of the chromosomes break, they exchange DNA in regions called the chiasmata, nuclear envelope fragments, synaptonemal complex disassembles in late prophase. kinetochores of chromosomes attach to microtubules.

A (which phase is this?)

aster, prophase 1

B (which phase is this?)

centrosome with centriole pair, prophase 1

C (which phase is this?)

spindle, prophase 1

D (which phase is this?)

nuclear envelope fragments, prophase 1

E (which phase is this?)

homologous chromosomes, prophase 1

F (which phase is this?)

chiasmata and synaptonemal complex, prophase 1

G (which phase is this?)

plasma membrane, prophase 1

H (which phase is this?)

cytoplasm, prophase 1