IPC Final exam review

Integrated physics and chemtry

______ is the ability to make something move

Mechanical energy

A fixed, unmoving object or location is _______

A reference point

________ is the change of an object’s position.

Motion

The _______ of an object is determined by its mass and velocity.

Momentum

______ Occurs whenever an object speeds up, slows down, or changes direction.

Acceleration

The resistance to a change in motion is called _______

Inertia

The random motion and collision of particles is called _______

Brownian motion

Which of the following statements describes the most workable model of matter?

Physical matter exists in the form of particles in constant motion.

Visible light is _________

……

When a ray of light strikes a material,

The light is reflected back

The light passes through unhindered

the light is bent as it passes through

The statement “When a light ray reflects off a surface, the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection” is known as _________

the law of reflection

The octet rule states that atoms are generally more stable when

They have 8 electrons in the valance energy level

The octet rule generally determines….

How atoms bond to other atoms

How many electrons an atom need to share or transfer in order to be stable

The properties of water are different from the properties of hydrogen and oxygen because…

Chemical bonding changes the properties

How many atoms are represented by the chemical formula CuSO4 ?

Six

refer to a periodic table. Which of the following chemical formulas would most likely represent the ionic compound potassium nitride?

K3N

Splitting a nucleus into smaller nuclei by bonbardment with a high-energy particle is an example of _______

fission

What are the characteristics of acidic solutions?

They conduct electricity

they react with metals

they turn red litmus blue

T/F many of the propertie of water are a result of water being a potar molecule.

True

T/F Radioactive decay results in a nucleus with more stability.

True

T/F Fusion combines small nuclei to form a larger nucleus.

True

T/F Computed tomography machines use x-rays to produce a cross-sectional image

True

T/F Ionizing radiation is harmful because it causes damage to cells.

True

T/F Somatic damage cannot be passed on to offspring

True

T/F An aqueous solution is a solution whose solvent is water

True

The electrons in the outermost energy level of a neutral atom are called ________

Valence electrons

What law of motion is this demonstrting?

A rocket is launched, expelling gases downward to the ground, causing the rocket to stay in motion.

Action Reaction

What law of motion is this demonstrating?

You are sledding, and the sled stops when it hits a branch hidden in the snow. You keep moving and slide off the sled.

An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion.

What law of motion is this an example of?

It took one student to pick up a box filled with feathers, and two students to pick up the same-sized box filled with books.

Force equals mass times acceleration

______ is the change of an objects position

motion

____ is a force that keeps objects from moving against othe objects.

Friction

________ is determined by the mass and velocity of an object

momentum

_______ is the speed of a moving object in a given direction.

Velocity

_____ occurs whenever an object speed up, slows down, or changes direction

acceleration

First second or third law of motion?

When an object exerts a force on another object, the second object reacts by exerting an equal froce back on the first object

Third Law Of Motion

First, second, or third law of motion?

An object at rest tends to stay at rest and an object in motion tends to stay in motion with the same direction and speed.

First Law Of Motion

First Second or Third law of motion?

Force is equal to the mass of an object and its acceleration.

Second Law of Motion

Any object that makes work easier is _____

machine

The force applied to a simple machine

Effort

Thr force that works against the effort

Resistance

Combined multiple fixed and movable pulleys

block and tackle

Combines two or more simple machines to make work easier

Compound Machine

has only one path for the flow of electricity

series circuit

has multiple paths for the flow of electricity

parallel circuit

Any material that has the ability to attract iron

magnet

A continuous, unbroken path through wich electricity can flow

Circuit

A very small circuit with all the parts built into it

integrated circuit

A material through wich electricity cannot flow

insulator

A material that allows electricity to flow through it easily

Conductor

A material that reduces the flow of electricity

Resistor

A liquid or paste substance that conducts electricity

Electrolyte

Uses a magnet to convert motion into electrical energy

generator

Uses a magnet to convert motion into electrical energy

electromagnet

What do opposite poles do when brough near eachother

Attract

A coil wire with a core attatched to an electrical source

generator

any material that had the ability to attract iron

magnet

What the same poles do when brought near each other

repel

The area of magnetic force arounf a magnet

Magnetic field

A material that reduce the flow of electricity

Reistor

A continuous, unbroken path through which electricity can flow

Circuit

the measurement of power, or how fast work is done

watt

contains one or more electric cells

Battery

A liquid or paste substance that conducts electricty

electrolyte

a conductor that can be moved to bridge the gap or not bridge the gap in a circuit

switch

A substance; only one kind of atom

element

the smallest piece of an element that can be recognized as that element

atom

the study of what matter is made of, what its usual characteristics are, and how it eactts to other matter

chemistry

An atom that has gained or lost electrons

ion

The process in which different types of atoms join and form a new substance

chemical change

______ is based on the number of protons in the nucleus

atomic number

Chemical symbols and numbers abbreviating the name of a compound

chemical formula

An ionic compound produced from a reaction between an acid and a base.

Salt

Vertical columns of the periodic table

group

center part of an atom

nucleus

Has a positive charge; located in the nucleus

proton

horizontal rows of the periodic table

period

has a negaticve charge; travels around the nucleus

electron

smallest piece of an element that can be recognized as the element

atom

has no charge; located in the nucleus

neutrons

formed when atoms combine

molecule

molecules formed form two or more different elements

compound

an atom that has gained or lost eletrons

ion

a process in which different types of atoms join and form a new substance

chemical change

a reaction in which molecules combine to form a new substance

synthesis reaction

a reaction in which a compound is broken down into simpler compounds

decomposition reaction

the study of what matter is made of, what its usual characteristics are, and how it reacts to other matter

chemistry

classification system for elements

periodic table of the elements

what scientists think atoms are like based on repeated observations

Atomic theory

abbreviation for the name of an element

chemical symbol

specia machine that smashes atoms

particle accelerator

man who developed a simplified model of the atom

Niels Bohr

man who developed a classification system for elements

Dimitri Mendeleev

A reaction in which molecules combine to from a new substance

Synthesis reaction

The process in which different types of atoms join and form a new substance

Chemical change

a reaction in which a compound is broken down into simpler compounds

Decomposition Reaction

Chemical symbols and numbers abbreviating the name of a compound

Chemical formula

an atom that has gained or lost electrons

ion

Type of mixture

Bowl of cereal and milk

Heterogeneous mixture

Type of mixture

Copper(II) Sulfate(CuSO4)

Compound

Type of mixture

Cup of coffee

homogenous mixture