World History Midterm

They study artifacts

Archaeologist

They might study a letter, old newspaper, or government records

Historian

They will focus on culture and its origins

Anthropologist

Which of these statements would a Christian anthropologist and evolutionistic anthropologist agree upon?

Lucy was found in Africa

What is an example of an artifact?

An axe head

Which of the following is the most common way in which culture was spread from one region to another?

Warfare

Where did most ancient cities begin?

River valleys

According to your textbook, the Old Stone Age and the Neolithic Period were different because...

people in the Neolithic Period farmed and domesticated animals.

Which of the following is NOT a basic feature of ancient civilization?

Technology

Which of the following is a basic feature of ancient civilization?

Public works

Which of the following could be used to help study the past?

Books, Clothes, Stories

People who study the past might think a tool buried with a body strongly indicates...

Ancient people had a belief in the afterlife

True or False: Theories can be proven to be true or false with enough evidence.

True

True or False: Historians, archaeologists, and anthropologists do NOT have bias when they write history.

False

True or False: History is written using reasoning and facts and not superstition.

True

True or False: Historians, archaeologists, and anthropologists must know all the information before they write history.

False

True or False: Two historians can look at the same facts and can come up with different interpretations.

True

How is history interpreted differently when God is taken away?

When God is taken away from history, Jesus was just a really nice man. Historians can't deny that Jesus existed. However, when God is taken away, all the miracles that Jesus performed become legend. This provides evidence that the stories in the Bible are myths. Another way history is interpreted differently is the belief that humans are just really smart chimpanzees. God created each human for a specific purpose. He cherishes humans more than he does animals. However, when God is removed, it seems that humans descended from chimpanzees. Our existence happened completely by chance. We have no greater purpose.

Why are Mary and Louis Leakey important in the study of pre-history?

They are important because they found the Nutcracker Skull. This skull provided evidence for the theory that there were "pre-human" species. The skull appears to be a primate-human hybrid. The skull has almost perfect teeth. This led historians to the conclusion that humans evolved from monkeys because the Nutcracker provided evidence for pre-human species.

Judged Israel when they were disobeying God

Prophets

Governors of Persia's provinces

Satraps

Temples found in Mesopotamia

Ziggurats

Ran the daily affairs of Egyptian government

Vizier

Sumerian writing

Cuneiform

The Phoenicians greatest contribution to the modern civilization was...

an alphabet

Which of these is NOT an advancement made by the Egyptians?

Created algebra

What is the Torah?

The first five books of the Bible

Ramses II was known for his conquest, which kingdom was he associated with?

The New Kingdom

Most people in Sumerian society belonged to what class?

Peasant class

What characterizes the status of women in Egyptian society?

Women had rights and privileges but could not hold government office

Which Hebrew king built the temple in Israel?

Solomon

What was the result of different invaders conquering the Mesopotamia area?

New technology and customs were brought into the area.

The following are examples of how geography affected the peoples of Mesopotamia except

Temples and houses were built out of stone

How did the Phoenicians spread Middle Eastern civilization?

They traded with people around the Mediterranean.

How did Sumerian civilization differ from Egyptian civilization?

Sumer civilization was made up of city-states while Egypt had a unified kingdom.

What was the result of warfare and trade between Nubia and Egypt?

Nubia and Egypt influenced each other's culture.

Which kingdom of Egypt built the Pyramids?

The Old Kingdom

The Sumerians made advances in all of the following areas except

Making steel

This Egyptian kingdom was able to build large drainage projects to create more farmland even though the time was very turbulent?

The Middle Kingdom

What beliefs and values made Judaism distinctly different from other religions?

The biggest difference between Judaism and other religions was that Jews were monotheistic. Until this point, most religions were polytheistic, meaning that they believed in different gods for every aspect of life. Jews believed in an all-powerful and Supreme Creator. Another thing that Jews believed in was a merciful God. Other religions believed that if you didn't please the river god, for example, he could send down a huge flood on you and destroy all of your crops. Jews believed in a loving God that forgives.

How did rivers contribute to the growth of civilizations in Egypt and Mesopotamia?

Rivers made the land fertile. This allowed farmers to have good soil for crops. Growing more food meant a growing population would follow. Rivers also gave people a good source of clean drinking water. In a way, rivers influenced religions to make a river god for people to worship. Once civilizations were established, rivers provided a way to transport people and goods and to trade. It also allowed civilizations to expand their borders. One example of this is Hatshepsut in Ancient Egypt. She traveled down rivers and expanded trade all along the Mediterranean Coast.

How were the Persians able to unite a vast empire?

One way Persia became united was through royal roads. Darius the Great set up a road system that stretched from one end of the empire to another. This made it much easier for mail and ideas to travel. Another way Persia became united was through a single code of laws. Similar to Hammurabi's Code, Darius set a code of conduct in place that allowed the empire to unite in their behavior. Another way Persia became united was through a money economy. Persia was the first civilization to develop coins. Even though the barter economy was still used, it allowed people to have a common way of acquiring goods.

A social group people are born into

Caste

Yellow Soil

Loess

Nonviolence

Ahimsa

Complete control of a product or business

Monopoly

System of ideas

Philosophy

Hindu Chief

Raja

Seasonal wind

Monsoon

A collection of hymns, prayers, and teachings

Vedas

What is the ultimate goal in Hinduism?

To achieve Moksha

Why did India develop a distinct and unique culture?

The mountains prevented invaders from attacking India

How did China's geography affect how it related to other countries?

It isolated it from other advanced civilizations

What was China's most important export?

Silk

How did Han emperors ensure there was government stability?

Government positions were given by merit

Shi Huangdi implemented a form of government that was based on what philosophy?

Legalism

Which of the following was NOT a method used by Chandragupta to maintain an organized empire?

Freedom to express dissenting opinions

Why were the Gupta and Han considered golden ages for their respective countries?

They had made great achievements in culture and education

What is one effect the caste system had on Indian society?

It created a society that was stable

What was one effect of the use of iron plows in China?

Food production increased

The ancient Chinese made advancements in all of the following except:

Steel use

How did Emperor Wudi generate income for the government?

He overtaxed his people

Gupta mathematicians invented all of the following except...

calculus

The Mahabharata and Ramayana are ancient poems that tell us...

The values of Aryan society

Why was the Huang He considered the "River of Sorrows"?

The river's flooding killed many people

What region in India had rivers and fertile plains?

Northern Plain

What does China's Dynastic Cycle explain?

Why dynasties rise and fall

Why was the Great Wall of China Shi Huangdi's biggest accomplishment?

It showed his power and ability to mobilize the people of China

Which one of these was NOT an advancement made during the Han Dynasty?

Invention of silk

In Confucian philosophy, the most important value is filial piety.

True

During the Maurya and Gupta empires, Indian villages were ruled by government officials.

False

True or False: Daoists believed you needed a strong central government.

False

True or False: In ancient India, sons were expected to stay home even after they married.

True

True or False: The Chinese worshipped their ancestors because they thought they were gods.

False

True or False: The civilizations in Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro developed Sanskrit.

False

True or False: Ravanna was the hero in the Ramayana.

False

True or False: Asoka gave up his Buddhist beliefs to conquer the kingdom of Kalinga.

False

Why do archaeologists believe that Mohenjo-Dara and Harappa were sophisticated cities?

Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro looked like sophisticated cities because they were uniform. All the buildings had similar designs and everything was organized. These cities were also very big. They were carefully planned out in a grid-like pattern, which suggests that they had a strong, central government. Archaeologists found complex irrigation and sewer systems, which suggests that this civilization was very intelligent.

Imagine you are a ruler of a kingdom. Evaluate the philosophies of Confucianism and Legalism and then choose a philosophy you would use as ruler.

One of the main ideas of Confucianism is filial piety and living in a patriarchal society. It replaces the caste system with 5 important societal relationships: friend-friend, wife-husband, subject-ruler, older brother-younger brother, and child-parent. Confucianism believed in self governance and a government that cares about its people. Legalism involves treating people harshly. One of the main themes of legalism is that human nature is bad, so people must be controlled. It involves destroying ideologies that differ from your own beliefs so everyone in a kingdom thinks the same way. If I was a ruler, I would most likely choose a legalistic government. I think legalism would help unite the empire in knowledge. Everyone would think the same way. I think Confucianism is a good philosophy, but it focuses more on human relationships than on government. If I leaded a legalistic civilization, I could order everyone to get an education so we could be considered an intelligent civilizaiton.

Agree or Disagree: Buddhism and Christianity are very different. Make sure you include karma, dharma, reincarnation, and nirvana in your discussion.

I disagree. I think Buddhism and Christianity are similar. They both have dharma, or a sense of moral duty while they live on Earth. God told Christians to be good stewards of the planet. I think meditation and prayer are also similar because it brings you closer to the gods. They both believe in a form of karma. If Christians are good in their life on Earth, they will get to go to Heaven. They both believe in a form of reincarnation. Christians believe that when you get to Heaven, you will be given a new body but you will still have the same soul. Both religions have an end goal. Christian's end goal is getting into Heaven, while Buddhist's end goal is to reach nirvana. Both religions believe in ending suffering and demons.

Payment from conquered peoples

tribute

Knotted, colored strings used for keeping records

Quipu

Large underground chamber used for religious ceremonies

Kiva

"Floating Gardens"

Chinampas

Ceremony in which a wealthy host distributes gifts to guests

Potlatch

Largest Mayan city

Tikal

City that dominated the Valley of Mexico from A.D. 100 to A.D. 750

Teotihuacan

Aztec capital

Tenochtitlan

Capital of the Inca Empire

Cuzco

Aztec god

Huitzilopochtli

What was the earliest known civilization in the Americas?

Olmecs

The Hopewell People were known for building what structure?

Mounds

Which of the following civilizations ruled an area that included the Andes Mountains?

Incas

The Incan road system was built primarily for the purpose of allowing

armies and news to move rapidly throughout the empire

The Incan Chosen Women were trained to

serve the sun god

Which of the following reflects the influence of the Moche people on the Incas?

Terraces

Who was the Incan sun god?

Inti

Which group lived in the cliff dwellings?

Anasazi

Large glyphs carved out into the desert are associated with what group?

Nazca

What mathematical concept did Mayan priests use?

Zero