VIRO RECALL

virus

"poison"

viruses

genetic material enclosed in protein coat

helical

always RNA viruses

envelope

ether labile

naked viruses

viruses without an envelope

without envelope

ether stable

oral-fecally

naked viruses are usually transmitted ________

peplomers/spikes

on envelope surface

virion

complete viral particle

aspirated secretions

preferred samples for virology

tissue biopsies

spx that should be kept moise

3-4 days (acute phase)

collect spx during first ________ after onset of signs and symptoms

no more than 5 days

stored at 4degC

6 or more days

stored at -70degC

calcium alginate/charcoal/swabs with wooden shafts

DO NOT USE THESE SWABS

electron microscopy

useful for newly discovered viruses/unculturable viruses

HPV

koilocytes

light microscopy

useful for cytopathic effects (visual changes in virally infected cells)

rabies

negri bodies

HSV

cowdry type A

polyoma viruses

decoy cells

CMV

owl's eye inclusions

poxvirus (smallpox)

guarnieri bodies

adenovirus

smudge cells

molecular methods

faster and more sensitive method for viral detection

RT-PCR

method for COVID 19 (gold standard)

cell culture

still the gold standard

HSV

ballooning cells/giant cell

RSV, measles, rubella, parainfluenza, mumps

syncytium

influenza, paramyxoviruses

hemadsorption

primary monkey kidney

PMK

human embryonic kidney

HEK

rabbit kidney

RK

rhesus monkey kidney

RMK

african green monkey kidney

AGMK

continuous/heteroploid/immortal

infinite passafe

33degC

incubation temp for respiratory viruses

1-3 days

fast growth

2-10 days

moderate growth

7-14 days

slow growth

HSV

fast grower

VZV, CMV

slow grower

shell vial cultures

for rapid modification of conventional cell culture

serology

indirect method for viral detection

paired sera

acute and convalescent samples

fourfold

rise in titer required to establish a diagnosis of recent infxn

phenotypic antiviral tests

assess conc of antiviral agents that inhibit replication

viral plaque reduction assays

standard method for phenotypic antiviral tests

viral plaque reduction assays

inhibit infectious virus production

enzyme immunoassay

inhibit viral protein synthesis

flow cytometry

inhibit viral nucleic acid synthesis

dsDNA viruses

Group I

ssDNA viruses

Group II

dsDNA (ambisense)

Group III

(+) sense ssRNA

group IV

(-) sense ssRNA

Group V

reverse transcribing (+) sense ssRNA

group VI

reverse transcribing DNA

Group VII

Group IV (+) sense ssRNA

baltimore classification of coronaviridae

ACE-2

receptor where SARS COV2 attaches

CD4

receptor where HIV attaches

herpesviridae

known for latent infections

HHV1

herpes labialis (cold sores)/herpetic whitlow/herpetic gladiatorum

HHV2

genital herpes/neonatal herpes

HHV3

varicella zoster virus

chickenpox

asynchronous devt of vesicular lesions "dew drop on a rose petal"

zoster

recurrent form of VZV, unilateral dermatome pattern

varicella

chickenpox

shingles

zoster

HHV4

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)

EBV

hairy leukoplakia (in HIV px)

EBV

kissing dss/pfeiffer's dss/infectious mononucleosis

EBV

assoc with burkitt's lymphoma

HHV5

cytomegalovirus

CMV

CMV retinitis in HIV px

CMV

mono-like illness

EBV

infectious mononucleosis

HHV6 & HHV7

6th dss/roseola infantum/exanthem subitum

HHV8

kaposi sarcoma

tzanck smear

unroofing of vesicular lesions for HSV

Enzyme Linked Virus Inducible System

ELVIS

B cell

targetted by EBV

atypical T call

downy cells "ballerina skirt"

Pp65 antigen

Ag assoc with CMV

Hep B

hepa transmitted parenterally, needlestick, blood borne

Hep D

satellite virus/defective virus

Hep B

serum hepatitis

dane particle

complete viral particle

HBsAg

Australia antigen

HBcAg

hep B marker not detected in serum

Anti-HBs

marker of immunity

adenovirus

orbiting satellite

adenovirus

acute respiratory distress in military recruits

hexons and pentons

basis of difference of serotypes of adenovirus

adenovirus

grapelike clusters

poxviridae

largest virus

poxviridae

replicates in cytoplasm

variola major

vesiculopustular lesions (small pox)

alastrim

less severe form of smallpox

cowpox

vaccinia virus