Final A&P

what is CCK

hormone that goes into the bloodstream through the gallbladder to secrete bile into the duodenum also causes pancreas to release enzymes

what receives fluid from pancreas and gallbladder and secretes it to the s.i

hepatopancreatic ampulla & sphincter

what are the 3 parts of the s.i

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

How long is the s.i

16-20 ft

What function does the oblique layer of the stomach do

churning

what are the folds in the stomach called

rugae

what are the sphincters of the stomach

cardiac & pyloric

what is the junction between the stomach and esophogus

gastroesophageal function

what type of muscle is in the inferior esophogus

smooth

what type of muscle is the superior esophogus

skeletal

what are the parasympathetic fibers of the muscularis layer called

myentric plexus

what is the major duodenal papilla

opening of the pancreatic duct into the duodenum

What are the plicae circularis

circular folds in the s.i

what do villi do

absorb lipids and proteins

what is the villi tissue made of

columnar cells

what are lacteals and what do they do

specialized lymph vessels in the s.i that absorb fat into the blood

what is the pathway of the l.i

cecum-ascending colon-hepatic flexure-transverse colon-splenic flexure-descending colon-sigmoid colon-rectum-anus

what are the teniae coli

3 bands of smooth muscle in the muscularis layer of l.i

what are the haustra in the l.i

pouches that form when teniae coli contract

what are the glands of the mouth that produce saliva

salivary glands

what are the ducts of the submandibular salivary glands made of

stratified cuboidal

what does the pancreas do

produce bicarb & digestive enzymes

secrete insulin & glucagon

what cells are endocrine in the pancreas

islet

what cells secrete pancreatic juice

acinar

what is the pancreatic duct

pathway for pancreatic enzymes to enter bile duct

what is pancreatitis

blockage of pancreatic structures

what do microvilli do

increase surface area of s.i

what does the l.i do

absords water and electrolytes

what does the sublingual salivary gland secrete to begin starch digestion

salivary amylase

what produces bile that emulsifies fat

liver

what does the liver receive blood from

hepatic portal vein

what does the gallbladder do

secretes and concentrates bile

when does inner cell mass begin organizing into layers

14 days

where does the blastocyte implant

endometrium

what is the inner cell mass of the blastocyte

embryoblast

what is the outer layer that develops into the nervous tissue and skin

ectoderm

how long does it take from fertilization to implantation

6-7 days

what hormone has a positive feedback loop with LH

estrogen

what region does the embryo implant

body of the uterus

what is the top of the uterus called

fundus

what hormone maintains the endometrium lining

progesterone

what is the outer layer of the blastocyte

trophoblast

what is the middle germ layer that develops into connective tissue, muscles, and many solid organs

mesoderm

what is the inner germ layer that develops into the digestive and respiratory system

endoderm

What does FSH do for follicles

triggers primordially follicles to turn into primary follicles

What does LH do for follicles

ruptures follicles, causes positive feedback loop to begin ovulation

what are the female and male genetalia

homologs

when does the embryo become a fetus

60 days

after ovulation what happens to LH and estrogen levels

they decrease

after ovulation what happens to progesterone levels

they increase

what hormone stimulates ovulation

LH

what happens to the uterine wall when estrogen is in the proliferation phase

it thickens

what hormone stimulates eggs that leads to egg maturation

FSH

What is fimbriae

finger-like projections at the end of the infundibulum

where does the fallopian tubes terminate

infundibulum

what is the opening to the uterus

cervix

what does the urogenital fold become in women

labia minora

what is the hpg axis for women

Hypothalamus- GnRH- Ant. Pituitary-

LH (triggers ovulation)-Ovaries-Estrogen & Progesterone

FSH-Ovaries- Egg Maturation

Is the ovary attaches to the fimbriae

No

What is the pathway for eggs out of the body

ovary-fimbriae-infundibulum-fallopian tube-uterus-cervix-vaginal canal

where does the oocyte end after ovulation

fallopian tube

what happens to cuboidal cells after ovulation

becomes corpus luteum to create progesterone

is the stratum basalis lost during menstruation every month

No, not usually

Where do you find stratum functionalis of the endometrium

lines inside of the uterus and fallopian tube

what happens to the stratum functionalis every month

it is lost each month through menstruation

what does the stratum functionalis do

prepares uterus for pregnancy

what is the tunica albuginae

fibrous sheath that encases the testes

what is the epididymis

mass of coiled tubules that store immaturte sperm

what is the site of sperm produciton

seminiferous tubules

where do the 2 vas deferens meet

ampulla of the ejaculatory duct

what do secretions added to sperm make

semen

what is the name of mature sperm cells

spermatazoa

Are spermatids haploid or diploid

haploid

what regulates temp. in the testes

cremaster, dartos, pampiniform plexus

what does the seminiferous tubule do

produce sperm cells under FSH

what is the pathway of sperm

seminiferous tubules-epididymis-vas defrens-ampulla of ejaculatory duct-prostate-prostatic urethra-membranous urethra-penile urethra

where are the testes containes

scrotal sac

what is the cemaster

skeletal muscle that draws scrotal sac upward

what does the male urethra carry

urine and semen

what happens in the prostate gland

milky alkaline substance is secreted

what do the bulbourethral glands do

secrete fluid that activates the sperm, neutralizes acidity in urethral and vaginal regions

what is the tissue that surrounds the male urethra

corpus spongiosum

what are the 2 columns of tissue that are found in the penile shaft

corpus cavernosa

what hormone do the seminiferous tubules respond to in order to produce sperm

FSH

what hormone do the interstitial cells respond to in order to produce testosterone

LH

What happens to the release of GnRH when there is more testosterone in the blood

it decreases

what is the acrosome

head of sperm cells that are able to penetrate the egg

What does the SRY gene do

enable testosterone production in fetus giving it the Y chromosome

what happens to the urogenital fold in men

it closes

what does the gubernaculum do for the testes

acts as a track for it to follow when it is descending into the scrotal sac

why are men more prone to inguinal hernias

they have a built in weak spot

what is the inguinal canal

fascia of the internal oblique that forms the scrotal sac

what does the vas defrens do

carries sprem cells

what does the cremaster do

pulls testes closer to body to regulate temp.

what does the dartos do?

shrinks size of testes to regulate temp.

what does the pampiniform plexus do

acts as radiator to give off excess heat from testes

what do the seminal vesicles do

secretes different secretions to activate sperm

what is the hpg axis for men

hypothalamus-GnRH- Ant. Pituitary-

LH- Testes (intersitial cells)- testosterone

FSH- Testes (seminiferous tubules)- sperm cells

what hormone do intersitial cells respond to

LH

What tissues make up the erectile tissue of the penis

corpus cavernosum & corpus spongiosum