CPUSH EXAM REVIEW

Bill of Rights

First 10 amendments to the Constitution- put into consitutions to make the anti-federalist sign for new form of gov't

1st amendment

Freedom of...

1\. Religion

2\. Speech

3\. Press

4\. Right of peaceful assembly

5\. petition

2nd Amendment

Right to bear arms

3rd Amendment

No quartering of soldiers

4th Amendment

Protects people from unreasonable search and seizure- has to be reasonable - believe a rule has been broken- need a warrent

5th Amendment

- Due process-\> gov has to follow its own rules when convicted (Miranda rights- have the right to remain silent)- Double jeopardy: cannot be convicted of a crime twice- Self-incrimination: cannot testify against yourself

6th Amendment

Rights of the accused: peedy trial by impartial jury

7th Amendment

Citizens have a right to trial by jury in civil cases (one sues)

8th Amendment

No cruel or unusual punishment or excessive bail

9th Amendment

Citizens entitled to rights not listed in the Constitution

10th Amendment

Reserve clause: rights not mention are reserved for the state in which you live in

Religious freedom

the right to choose and practice a religion (orno religion) without interference by thegovernment

Free Speech

the right to say our opinions or ideasUNLESS - clear and present danger, libel and slander, or sexual harassment

Libel

Written false accusations (harmful to reputation)

Slander

spoken false accusations (harmful to reputation)

Supreme Law of the Land

United States Constitution

Legislative Branch

Makes laws- Congress: senate and house of reps

Executive Branch

Enforces laws- President

Judicial branch

Interprets the laws- Supreme court and all federal courts

What makes up congress

Senate: 100 people (2/state), 6 yr term -> Kamala Harris

House of Representatives: 435 people (pop), 2 yr term->Nacy Pelosi

Checks and Balances

A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power

Veto

President's power to reject a bill passed by a legislature

delegated powers

Powers specifically given to the national government by the US Constitutionex: coin money and regulate value, declare war, regulate military

reserved powers

Powers given to the state government alone

ex: 10th amendment - education, marriage and divorce

double jeopardy

the prosecution of a person twice for the same offense.

Contained in the 5th amendment

Due Process

The government has to follow rules and established procedures in everything it does.

This protection helps to ensure justice.

Contained in the Fifth Amendment.

Speaker of House

House of Rep - Nancy Pelosi

Search and Seizure

the process by which police or other authorities who suspect that a crime has been committed do a search of a person's property and collect any relevant evidence to the crime;- reasonably believe a rule has been broken.

protection from illegal search and seizure is in the Fourth Amendment

Search Warrant

Have to go to a judge and convince of probable cause of a crime

Edwin Drake

Created the oil boom as the start of the industrial revolution - new invention with steam engine

Bessemer Process

A way to manufacture steel quickly and cheaply by blasting hot air through melted iron to quickly remove impurities.- lighter, flexible, rust resistant metal

Brooklyn Bridge

Major use of steel that resulted on the bessemer process in New York

Uses of steel

Buildings, bridges, farm machines, railroads

Importance of steel

It helped build and sustain many things. Prices for it dropped as it could be produced quicker so people could afford to build things. An increase of railroad manufacturing and safer travel.

Thomas Edison

Inventor of lightbulb with electricity

innovation vs invention

Innovation: an improvement of an existing thing.Invention: something that is made for the first time

Importance of railroads

- transporting goods easier-westward migration and expansion-united the nation-boom in industries-new towns and markets

Andrew Carnegie

founded the Carnegie Steel Company- dominated the American steel industry.- became right with his management practices (monopoly-\> complete control over its industries production, wages, and prices)

Robber baron

RICH industrialists who paid their workers low wages.

Laissez-faire

Hands-off gov't

Idea that government should play as small a role as possible in economic affairs.

Social Darwinism

The belief that only the fittest survive in human political and economic struggle."natural selection"

Labor Unions

An organization formed by workers to strive for better wages and working conditions

Time Zones

Everyone operated on their own time (noon=sun directly above)- depending on the place in America, there is a different time each day when the sun is directly above.

unskilled labor

labor that requires no specialized skills, education, or training

skilled labor

labor that requires specialized skills and training

Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

a fire in New York's Triangle Shirtwaist Company that killed 146 people, mostly women. They died because the doors were locked and the windows were too high for them to get to the ground.It inspired a lot of reform, reactionary, and laws that were passed to increase safety inspections

Government Regulation of Business/Working Conditions

* Congress passed the Sherman Anti-Trust Act to break up trusts form
* Interstate Commerce Act, to regulate railroad rates-
* Clayton Antitrust Act to strengthen the
* Sherman Antitrust Act- safety inspections

Importance of electricity

- Creation of the light bulb- supplying electricity to buildings, homes, and businesses in - - Ran numerous machines- inexpensive energy

Factors of industrial boom

\-large and increasing American population

\-lots of natural resources (coal, oil, iron ore)

\-lots of food (mechanized)

\-new technologies (inventions/innovations)

\-gov support of businesses-railroads

Christopher Sholes

Invented the typewriter

John D. Rockefeller

\
The person who created standard oil company corp.

\- joined w competing companies in trust agreements

\-RICHH

J.P. Morgan

A highly successful banker who bought out Carnegie steel company

George Pullman

Made millions making rr cars and very wealthy

Cornelius Vanderbilt

He popularized the use of steel rails in his railroad, which made railroads safer and more economical.

\- very wealthy in the rr industry and made millions building rr

political machine

An organized group that controlled the activities of the political party in a city.

\- offered service to voters in exchange for political support

immigrant

a person who comes to live permanently in a foreign country

Chinese Immigration

300,000 chinese who came with promise of fortunes w gold, help with rr, farming, mining, domestic services, etc.

\- Angel Island- unskilled chinese workers often were picked for lower prices: Chinese Exclusion Act (banned entry of chinese except a few. Limited # of immigrants)

Ellis Island

Most European immigrants processed in New York

\- physical examination (sickness)

\- gov inspector (documents and questions)

Angel Island

Most Asian immigrant processed in San Fransisco

\- harsh questioning and long detention in horrible buildings

anti-immigrant feelings

Growth of nativism

\- rise in anti-immigrant groups

\- led to a demand for immigration restrictions

Graft

Illegal use of political influence for personal gain

\- granted favors to businesses in return for cash and accepted prices

\- fraud

Boss Tweed

William Tweed, head of Tammany Halla group of corrupt politicians in defrauding the city.extravagant graft: $13 mil while actually was $3 mil and rest went to Tweed and followers

Thomas Nast

Gilded Age politics political cartoonist who exposed Boss Tweed

\- drew him in a political cartoon after Tweed escaped prison which later identified him

Patronage

Giving gov't jobs to people who had helped a candidate get elected

\- some weren't qualified for jobes and only used that for personal gain

Steamships and Immigrants

-immigrants traveled over on steamships

Assimilate

To adopt another's culture and way of life as one's own

Nativism

Discrimination towards immigrants or foriegn-born people.

Improvements in Farming Technology

Changes in farm implements included the invention of such tools: the grain drill, the hay loader, the cord binder and the lister with its dual action of tilling land and planting seeds.

Jacob Riis

Muckrakers exposed the living conditions of the urban poor with photographs.

Social Gospel Movement

Progressive reform by Christians that was made to soften some of the harsh conditions of industrialization. Preaches salvation through service to the poorGave aid to the poor.

Jane Addams

the founder of Hull House

\- provided daycare, edu, and healthcare (usually immigrants and women)

Urbanization

Shift from a population living largley in rural areas to cities.

City Conditions in gilded age

\-Poor sanitation

\-Disease rampant

\-many lived in cramped tenement houses and buildings like them

Vertical Integration

All means of production under control.

\- acquiring or developing one or more important parts of a company's production process or supply chain.

Horizontal Integration

Type of monopoly where a company buys out all of its competition. Ex. Rockefeller

Gilded Age

Late 1800s when Mark Twain referred to the age which is "covered in gold." There was wealth and production but very bad poverty, and a big gap between the rich and poor

Puerto Rico and the United States

Became os US citizen in 1917 by Treaty of Paris

Theodore Roosevelt Nobel Peace Prize

1906, won because of his peace negotiations with japan and Russia

Roosevelt Corollary

In addition to the Monroe Doctrine asserting America's right to intervene in Latin American affairsIf europe expanded westward, the US could call is an act of war

Treaty of Paris 1898

The treaty that concluded the Spanish American War, America got Guam, Puerto Rico, and they paid 20 million dollars for the Philipines.

Cuba was freed from Spain.

Countries under U.S control after Spanish-American War

Guam, Phillipines, and Puerto Rico

Anti-Imperialism

Belief that it was wrong for the US to rule over other people without their consent

Boxer Rebellion

1899 rebellion in Beijing, China started by a secret society of Chinese who opposed the "foreign devils". The rebellion was ended by British troops killing many of the boxers.

Open Door Policy

A policy proposed by the US, under which ALL nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China.

Link between the Industrialism and Imperialism

Industrialism leads to quicker and more efficient production of goods--like weapons and vehicles--in greater quantities. This allows countries to have bigger/better equiped militaries, and hence they can use their mdo to conquer less powerful nations

The Big stick Policy

Roosevelt's philosophy - In international affairs, ask first but bring along a big army to help convince them. Threaten to use force, act as international policemen

5 P's of imperialism

1\. Profit - industrialization meant the need to gain more materials and markets

2\. Patriotism - spread of "American" values (superior)

3\. Protection - Add to strength and power

4\. Piety - the spread of religion

5\. Politics - big businesses helped, yellow journal

Whose assassination triggered ww1

Archduke Franz Ferdinand (Archduke of Austria Hungary)

Widespread Starvation in Germany

\-caused by British blockade (no supplies could get through)

\-could no longer trade with US and get resources needed

Selective Service Act

Law passed by Congress in 1917 that required all men from ages 21 to 30 to register for the military draft

New Weapons of WW|

\-machine guns

\-tanks

\-chemical gas

\-aerial combat

The Big four

The Big Four were the four most important leaders,Paris Peace Conference:

Woodrow Wilson- USA

David Lloyd George- UK

George Clemenceau- France

Vittorio Orlando- Italy.

Causes of WWI

MAIN

M- Militarism

A- Alliances

I- Imperialism

N- Nationalism

* u-boats german attacks- Zimmerman telegram- pearl harbor

Wilson's 14 points

President Woodrow Wilson proposed a 14-point program for world peace

\- League of Nations

U.S. Membership in League of Nations

U.S senate never agreed to join the league of nations, so the U.S (although they proposed it) didn't join itUS did not want to be involved in Europeon affairs (isolation)

U.S Policy of Neutrality

tried to stay "neutral" but had ties with britain and didnt like Germany, but U.S gave supplies to allies.

Treaty of Versailles

Treaty that ended WW I. It blamed Germany for WW I (war-guilt clause) and handed down harsh punishment, such as reparations, give up land, divide boundaries, no army, etc.

Treaty of Versailles impact on Germany

Caused Germany...

\-immense poverty

\-to be the sole country to be blamed

\-give up Alsace & Loraine

\-give up military power

\-in debt with reparations to be paid

Propaganda

information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view.

Espionage and Sedition Acts

two laws, enacted in 1917 and 1918, that imposed harsh penalties on anyone interfering with or speaking against U.S. participation in WWI

E -T an outgrowth of the federal government's efforts during World War I to contain not only espionage (spying to gain govt access) but also public criticism of its war efforts.

S - made it a crime to write, print, utter, or publish criticism of the president of government