Science Final

Largest radio telescope is located in...

West Virgina, USA

Examples of periodic motion

Ocean density waves, clock pendulum, ripples in stellar dust

What happens when you increase the mass of a vibrating object?

Period is increased

What do all waves transmit?

Energy

Which medium will sound waves travel the fastest?

Solids

Describe the movement of earthquake waves

Individual particles move in circles/eclipses with both transverse and longitudinal motion

What happens when two waves collide

They overlap, but do not affect each other or bounce off each other

Explain how periodic motion is related to repetitive motion

Repetitive motion is motion that occurs again and again while Periodic motion is the rpeeat of motion at a constant rate

In periodic motion, the opposite of damping is

Resonance

Main difference between mechanical and electromagnetic waves

Mechanical waves are waves in matter while EM waves that are able to move and transmit energy without matter

Fastest waves in the universe

Electromagnetic waves (EM)

Where is a pendulum's rest position?

When it hangs straight down

A single wave cycle is called...

Pulse

On Figure 12-20 (Pg. 265), identify the parts of a waveform

\

Two ways a wave can interfere

Constructive and Destructive Interference

Two waves interfering in phase; heights are added together producing high crests and deep troughs

Constructive Interference

Two waves interfering out of phase; crests align with troughs and vice versa

Destructive interference

What is necessary for sound to occur?

Something must vibrate in the medium

A sound's pitch is related to...

Frequency

Difference between an identical note played on a clarinet and a trumpet

Acoustic Quality

What material reflects sound

Hard Surfaces

An amplification system increase a sound wave's...

Amplitude

What wave phenomenon causes beats to form

When two waves with different frequencies interfere

What part of the ear converts sound into nerve impulses sent to the brain

Inner ear - Auditory nerve

What produces infrasound

Earthquakes, certain animals, and manmade technology

The form of energy detectable by our ears is called....

Sound

How did Robert Boyle demonstrate that sounds need a medium??

Hung an alarm clock inside a vacuum and removed the air. Sound could not be heard proving that air is necessary for sound to travel

Three measurable properties of sound waves that our ears can detect

Pitch, intensity, and quality

Softest sound a person can detect is called...

Threshold of hearing

Multiples of a fundamental frequency in a sound is called

Harmonic frequencies

Echoes of a sound as it reflects off different surfaces are called?

Reverberation

In what part of the human body do vocal sounds originate

Larynx

act at a distance and don't require physical contact

Field Forces

examples are friction or tension, require physical contact between the objects

Contact forces

Periodic motion and how much it occurs in nature

Repeat of motion at a constant rate; ocean density waves, and ripples from stellar dust

How periodic motion can be expressed

Motion that repeats at a constant rate

forces that act on an object to return it to its original position when it is displaced from equilibrium, such as generated by tension in the string when displaced from its rest position

Restoring forces

What on a pendulum is affected by the length of its arm

The period

Do water particles in a wave of water move in circular patterns?

Yes

Transverse waves experience what?

interference

Can all waves experience reflection and refraction

Yes (but to different degrees depending on different variables such as wavelengths, medium, and temp)

What determines the loudness of a human voice

The volume of air that moves by yours vocal cords per unit of time

Three major parts of the ear

outer ear, middle ear, inner ear

What does sonar stand for

Sound navigation and ranging

Study of earthquakes and the waves that are causes

Seismology

Sound waves are what kind of waves

Mechanical waves

Crest of a soundwave is called

Compression

Can sound travel through solids?

Yes

What kin of day would sound travel faster through (Hot or cold days)

Hot

Will any type of enclosure reflect sound

Yes

Do materials with hard surfaces make good sound absorbers?

No; soft porous material are good sound absorbers

Where are the vocal chords located?

They are in the upper portion of the larynx

Where is the eardrum located?

Eardrum is located in them middle ear

Identify the parts of the middle ear

Hammer, anvil, stirrup

What does passive sonar use?

Hydrophones to receive sounds (in oceans)

Best way to prevent earthquake damage ot buildings

For new buildings, build structures that can defend them: seismic isolators, seismic damping, concrete filled steel tube column, or angled trusses

(Essay) Explain how earthquake damage to buildings can be minimized

There are many ways to minimize earthquake damage. One of which is by damping building oscillations. They also can be retrofitted (modified after manufacturing) by being built on top of base isolators which anchor the building and absorb vibrations.

Best way to describe how light travels

Light travels as a bundle called a photon; occurs as oscillations in magnetic and electric fields oriented perpendicular to eachother

What kind of light is good for night vision goggles

Infrared (IR)

What kind of light promotes the formation of vitamin D in the skin

UV

Which kind of EM wave is created through changes in an atom's nucleus

Gamma rays

What kind of EM wave involves antennas?

Radio waves

Particles of EM energy are called

Photons

An object heated to glowing is said to be

incandescent

3-D x-ray technology used to diagnose cancer

Catscan/CT scan

CT scan meaning?

computed tomography scan

Ionizing radiation used to treat cacner

Radio therapy

Radar stands for

Radio Detection and Ranging

Name two discoveries made in radio astronomy

\-Discovery of Pulsars (remnants of nova stars)

\-Quasars radiate more energy than entire galaxies

Know the parts of an EM spectrum

highest to lowest energy: gamma rays, X-rays, ultraviolet radiation, visible light, infrared radiation, and radio waves

Describe how we see images on a television

Television takes advantage of the limitations of human vision. The eye and brain have a limited ability to separate the pattern of dots into objects. If the dots are small enough, the image will appear as a smooth image. They are able to separate images at 50 ms (any faster causes blurring creating an appearance of motion)

Can radar waves can reflect off clouds?

Yes

Is Infrared radiation produced by…

All matter

Can the speed of light change under certain circumstances?

Yes

Most famous luminous object (man-made)

Lightbulb

Common type of reflection in which photons reflect off an uneven surface in all directions

What is diffuse reflection?

Examples of Incandescence

Fire, electric burner, lava

What is bioluminescence?

Any form of light given off by animals

What characteristic would the ideal light source have?

Produces all possible wavelengths of visible light to form a continuous spectrum (high luminous efficiency)

Measure unit of how bright/strong the light being produced by a source may be

What is the Candela?

Example of a color system

CYMK, RGB

What is an endoscopy?

Medical procedure in which the body's interior is viewed by the endoscope

What affects an image's size?

Lens

Red + Green

Yellow

Red + Blue

= Magenta

Green + Blue

Cyan

Blue + Yellow

Green

Red + Yellow

Orange

The sun produces a what spectrum?

continuum spectrum

Coherent light is…

Monochromatic

What has greatly decreased the need for exploratory surgery

Endoscopy has greatly decreased the need for exploratory surgery. Additionally, advances in medical imaging are used instead. Methods of minimally invasive surgical techniques are used also.

the return of light or sound waves from a surface - what is it and give examples

reflection

is the reflection of light from a surface such that an incident ray is reflected at many angles, rather than at just one angle; usually involves rough surfaces

Diffuse reflection

defined as light reflected from a smooth surface at a definite angle; involves smooth surfaces such as mirrors or water

Specular Reflection

a mirror with a flat (planar) reflective surface.

Plane Mirror

image formed when rays appear to meet a particular point after the reflection from the mirror

Virtual Image

mirror that has a reflecting surface towards the curvature's centre (aka curves inwards)

Concave Mirror

mirror that has a reflecting surface away from the centre of curvature (aka curves outwards)

Convex Mirror (“vex” means bulging out)

How do glasses correct eyesight

Glasses are used to manipulate light to aid vision. Lens are adjusted to correct the errors in one's eye. It allows them to focus light on the correct spot of your retina, therefore giving you a clear/crisp image.

Greek philosopher who created the word "Atomos" (indivisible) and the indivisible atom theory

Who is Democritus