ccp midterm

In the late Middles Ages, Europeans were mostly....

peasants living under territorial Lords.

The social system was called....

Feudalism

The Western World of Europe was less educated than....

the Eastern World.

The Eastern World of Asia brought over what Francis Bacon called the three best inventions of all time:

1. gunpowder 2) movable type 3. compass

Spain had become stronger and was able to free them from....

the Muslim rule.

This process was called...

the Reconquista.

When Spain came over to America they created the encomienda which was....

a legally based slavery system.

Spain exploited many of the various tribes through...

resources and labor.

New Spain believed in "Frontiers of Inclusion" since they were...

scarcely populated and included many natives in their societies.

Although there were forms of inclusion, the inclusion was under the control of....

the Spanish.

The Pueblos would eventually convert to Spanish Christianity by adding...

God to their numerous deities.

Church holidays were included in their religious calendar and....

celebrated with native dances and rituals.

Society in the Spanish borderland areas of Florida, Texas, New Mexico, and California were far removed from...

the sophistication of Mexico City.

The Spanish who came to California were eventually able to develop a flourishing economy based on....

farming and ranching.

Spanish control of America was also based in the belief that the Church of Rome represented....

the one true faith and all other beliefs were in error.

Bartolome de las Casas was a Spanish priest who condemned ___________________ and wrote _________________-

the Spanish mistreatment of Indians, "The Destruction of the Indies"

Jacques Cartier (France) and Henry Hudson (Dutch) were important explorers in....

Canada and New York.

Cartier laid basis for France's claim to Canada and....

the North American interior.

Cartier helped France create a fur industry where as Hudson used New York City as a hub for...

trade.

England was a third country which came in and...

inhabited Virginia.

The Virginia Company which founded Jamestown in 1607 was a joint-stock company of...

England.

Jamestown experienced:

1) The colonists war with Powhatan 2) English did not find gold and suffered from starvation 3) Powhatan came to realize that England was there to take over his land 4) In the winter of 1609-1610 more than 400 colonists died of starvation 5) Powhatan did help the Jamestown people at first

Indentured servants were men, women, and children who...

gained their freedom after a set of terms.

Virginia was made up by many...

indentured servants.

Massachusetts had a second wave of... .

immigration

These English Calvinists (Puritans) wished to reform the Church of England and....

remove all remains of Catholicism.

The Virginians passed a series of laws defining slavery in the late 1600s to....

give slavery a legal basis because there were no English precedents for it.

African slavery became much a part of....

the sugar industry.

Sugar, a marketable commodity, made the sugar producing colonies....

more valuable.

The Portuguese were financed by Holland who wanted....

to create a sugar production center in Brazil.

The first European city established in the United States was.....

Spain colonizing St. Augustine.

The colonies of Europe created many different products for the market but at the expense of....

the Indians land and privacy.

Indians did accept clothing, guns, and metal tools in exchange for....

large areas of land.

The colonies believed that tobacco would be the best commodity since....

its returns were high in the market.

Virginia passed a series legal basis because.....

there were no English legal precedents for it.

The French, the Puritans, and the Quakers were all involved with the principles of colonization with....

religion, economics, and law.

The French used long lots which were....

settlements on the river front.

The Puritans of New England established the traditions of republican rule and local autonomy by....

allowing church members to run their own affairs.

Pennsylvania and the Quakers lost its religious prominence and eventually....

became a minority in Pennsylvania.

The British stated that democracy was inappropriate during the 1770's were.....

not ready for a democratic system.

To educated British colonists, democracy implied rule by the....

mob.

There was little social mobility in Britain whereas their was a great deal of social mobility in....

North America.

John Locke, Alexander Pope, Jonathan Swift believed in....

the Republican ideas of the American Revolution.

Ideas of challenging the government with the Zenger Case with the colonial newspapers showed....

the colonies were not joint advocate- only government's positions.

The first attempt at American Reform was the....

Albany Conference

The need for alliances of colonists against the Indians were....

brought up.

However, there was an unwillingness of individual colonies to....

relinquish any of their powers.

There was a meeting in the First Continental Congress which....

started the ideas of unity.

These meetings were engaging in late night tavern hopping to....

get to know each other better.

The Sons of Liberty made a movement of rebellion against England but became more organized to curb radicalism by....

advancing a more moderate form of protest.

The Daughters of Liberty also wanted independence and organized spinning and weaving groups to.....

aid the nonimportation movement.

John Dickinson also supported the revolution citing that the British were wrong in stating Parliament had the right to.....

impose tariffs on colonies to regulate commerce but not to raise revenue.

The Quartering Act which legalized the housing of British troops at public expense created.....

a great deal of tension in the colonies.

Colonists believed that their private property rights were....

taken away.

The Quartering Act and Tea Taxes started the Massachusetts Circular Letter, an....

anti-British document.

The Massachusetts Circular Letter did:

1) caused New Hampshire, New Jersey, and Connecticut to voice support for Massachusetts 2) called for colonial cooperation in protesting the Townshend Revenue Acts 3) attacked the plan to use the Townshend Revenue Acts monies to pay royal officials in the colonies 4) denounced the Townshend Revenue Acts

Thomas Paine in Common Sense argued that the foundation of the British system was....

inappropriate for America and the Quartering Acts were wrong.

The Americans who did not support the Patriot cause and remain true to the British crown called themselves....

Loyalists or Tories.

Georgia had Loyalists which constituted the majority of....

its population.

Georgia would have abandoned the revolutionary movement if....

the British did not surrender.

The Americans fought for the principles of the....

Virginia's Declaration of Rights of 1776.

The document began with the claim that all men have....

"inherent rights."

The militias during the war of independence were.....

unreliable and undisciplined in a time when wat required cohesion.

When the Colonists won the battle of Saratoga (colonist biggest win) France and Spain allied with...

the Colonies.

The Articles of Confederation made America into a....

confederacy.

This confederacy was weak and rebellions against the state occurred as seen in the....

Shay's rebellion.

Shay's rebellion included:

1) the belief of rural people that they had a right to defend their property against outsiders 2) economic depression of the mid-1780's which lowered crop prices 3) with the increased property tax Massachusetts farmers thought these taxes were more oppressive than the British 4) there was a refusal of merchants and the legislature to offer any debt relief for people

The Annapolis Convention was the first attempt for states to propose a Federal or centralized government eliminating the.....

Articles of Confederation.

Madison in his Federalist essays argued for a larger state so that innumerable interest groups would.....

balance each other.

There were two proposals for the Federal government:

the Virginia Plan and New Jersey Plan.

The Virginia Plan included:

1) a national government with the power to tax people directly 2) a state authority similar to countries in present-day United States 3) a House of Representatives elected by the people 4) a Senate was elected by state legislatures

Jefferson would not commit to the American Constitution until the Bill of Rights which....

protects the individual from the government and the majority.

Hamilton wanted a strong sense of federation and economic development through.....

a federal bank.

Hamilton's fiscal program gave wealthy Americans an interest in....

the government's success.

Hamilton believed that debt would help the government by....

solidifying relationships.

Yet, Hamilton and Madison began to disagree polity whether to divide the payment between...

the original holders of securities and the current holders.

(Federalist Essay) Madison argued for larger states to gain more loans so that...

innumerable interest groups would balance each other.

The second major component of Hamilton's fiscal program established...

a federal bank.

George Washington's early biography Life of Washington was an example of...

nineteenth century historians romancing the past.

John Adams believed in trade and transportation so he invested in....

the "clipper ships" or the flower of American ship building.

John Adams created the Alien and Seditions act which caused....

resentment in America.

Aliens and Seditions Acts called for:

1) endangered all rights by preventing public examination of government 2) there was a reaction of the Virginia and Kentucky Resolves which nullified the powers of the Federal government 3) Laid the groundwork for later justification for secession by the Southern states 4) contended that the states could respond to an overbearing central authority by detaching from that authority.

Jefferson won the presidential election of 1800 by the Democratic-Republicans defeating the....

Federalist.

This marked the peaceful change of power from....

one political party to another.

Jefferson succeeded in reducing...

government spending.

Jefferson also believed in national expansion since:

1) a large amount of land would offer the most citizens, "life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness" 2) having vast amounts of land would counter Malthus theory of population 3) a republic's necessary concern is for public good 4) a growing country would offer opportunities for all

Jefferson's presidency involved the legal court system and....

the Louisiana Purchase.

Marbury vs. Madison was a case which gave judicial review.....

the increase of power of the Supreme Court in that interpretation of laws.

Napoleon sold the Louisiana Territory to the United States because....

his army in Haiti was defeated.

Jefferson bought Louisiana, breaking constitutional executive rules with the belief that....

the land would ensure liberty.

The period from 1817 to 1824 is referred to as...

"the era of good feeling."

The new popular democratic culture of the 1820's and 1830's favored candidates with....

name recognition and a popular image.

President Jackson had many similar beliefs of.....

Jefferson.

Jackson believed in informal advice which he called the....

"Kitchen Cabinet."

The "Kitchen Cabinet" was an.....

informal group of personal advisors.

Jackson had personal problems when Peggy O' Neil Eaton where gossip caused....

Jackson to change his entire cabinet.

The Eaton affair illustrated that....

Jackson treated disagreements as personal attacks.

The name given to those immigrants to the United States who were fleeing the Potato Famine of 1845-1850 was the....

"Famine Irish."

The largest number of immigrants between 1845 and 1854 came from....

Ireland and Germany.

Slavery was a problem in America that became the fundamental principle of....

the Southern economy.