Midterm Review 2.0

Contains some duplicate terms. Questions and Study Guide

Labor union goals in the 19th and early 20th century included:

Fair wages and the power of collective bargaining

In 1904, the newly industrialized Japan clashed with which other nation over the control of a port on the northwestern coast of China?

Russia

\___________ was a method of transmitted short and long sounds to transcribe different letters of the alphabet across a telegraph system, creating a telegram message.

Morse Code

\___________ was an English-born cigar maker who immigrated to the United States and became a key figure in the American Federation of Labor.

Samuel Gompers

This invention made harvesting of a certain key cash crop easier and faster, but likely also prolonged the institution of slavery in the Southern American colonies.

Cotton gin

Francis Galton, an English socio-political writer, was best known for his adherence to which ideology?

Social Darwinism

While ruling as regent for her absent father in 1888, Portuguese-Brazilian Princess Isabel made which revolutionary decision?

Abolished slavery completely

The \_________, invented by John Hargreaves, made the spinning of thread from cotton filaments more quicker.

Spinning jenny

During the period of the \__________, Japan underwent rapid industrialization and built up its military capacity.

Meiji Restoration

The \_________signed in 1821, forced Spain to end its three-century long control of "New Spain," giving birth to the independent nation of Mexico.

Treaty of Cordoba

Workers in large, industrial cities were often housed in \_______, which were poorly constructed complexes of small, cramped, and often unsanitary apartments.

Tenements

This Anglo-Scottish political economist authored The Wealth of Nations, and became known as the "father of capitalism."

Adam Smith

\_________ invented the seed drill in 1701, which made planting more efficient and helped Britain increase its agricultural yields during the eighteenth century.

Jethro Tull

Great Britain's advantage in terms of becoming the world's first industrialized nation was due to all the below factors EXCEPT:

An influx of refugees from France's Revolution

This French political philosopher wrote The Spirit of Laws and advocated for a separation of powers in any given government.

Baron de Montesquieu

Migrant workers from \________ contributed greatly to the construction of cargo and passenger rail lines that connected San Francisco to the rest of Northern California, Nevada, Utah, and Colorado.

China

This French term was applied to the economic philosophy of allowing private businesses to operate completely free of any government regulations.

Laissez-faire

Prior to the Industrial Revolution, small-scale artisan manufacturing was known as:

Cottage industry

The\________ was signed in 1854, and opened the Japanese ports of Shimoda and Hakodate to US trade, while establishing an American consulate in the country.

Treaty of Kanagawa

In addition to Buddhism, Japan was home to a type of traditional spirituality known as \_________, which endured during the Tokugawa Shogunate.

Shintoism

In 1769, James Watt perfected his prototype for this significant invention.

Steam engine

This Danish astronomer was known for his astronomical research that created the foundation for the study of the stars and planets.

Tycho Brahe

Terrence Powderly, an Irish-born immigrant to the United States, was the founder of this labor union group that included both skilled and unskilled workers.

Knights of Labor

This Creole priest in New Spain sympathized with the peasants and workers of the nation that would become Mexico, and was eventually executed in the city of Guanajuato for his revolts against Spanish rule.

Miguel Hidalgo

The White Star Lines and the Cunard Lines were examples of:

British trans-Atlantic commercial steamship companies

Jose de San Martin, Simon Bolivar, and Bernardo O'Higgins were all known for their participation in:

Fighting for an end to Spanish control in South America

Natural resources that were grown or extracted from the earth and then taken to factories to be refined or processed into finished goods were known as:

Raw materials

Alexander Graham Bell was best known for his patenting of which invention?

Telephone

Isaac Newton:

Noted that an unseen force of mass kept objects drawn to the earth's surface

Inequalities such as those from minority religions being required to pay extra taxes and forced military service were imposed on:

non-Muslims in the Ottoman Empire

Which country was able to defeat the Ottomans in 1821 after 400 years of being in the Ottoman Empire?

Greece

The first European power to establish settlements on the island of Sri Lanka, also known as Ceylon, was:

Portugal

After the \_______ mutiny of 1857, British authorities instituted harsh measures against any Indian resistance to British dominance.

Sepoy

The French colony of Indochina was best known for trees that produced the sap used to make this valuable industrial material.

Rubber

British supremacy in North America was established following the end of what?

French and Indian War

\________ was the primary fossil fuel used during the 19th and early 20th centuries.

Coal

This archipelago nation in Southeast Asia was controlled by the Dutch.

Indonesia

Rebellions by Arabic-speaking populations lead to Egypt breaking from \_________ control in 1882, only to end up being occupied by \________ forces.

Not Greek, British

After the British victory in the Opium War, the British seized control of this Asian port.

Hong Kong

Which of the following was colonized by Belgium?

Congo

Which was the only African country to remain independent by 1900?

Ethiopia

Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Rhodesia, and South Africa within the British Empire were examples of:

settler colonies

Choose the two correct religious affiliations for this sentence:
While the Byzantine Empire was \___________, the Ottoman Turks had adopted \________as their faith.

Christian, Islam

The spread of European languages and the arrival of different Christian churches in places inhabited by native people are examples of:

cultural imposition

\___________ were companies created by multiple different investors on the principle of shared risk, and made colonial exploration and the target of markets in Africa and Asia a major part of their businesses.

Joint-stock companies

By the 18th Century which was Britain's most valuable colony

India

Which was not a function of the British East India Company and the Dutch East India Company:

To exclude private investors from funding the companies.

The DeBeers Diamond company was owned by this man, a prominent advocate for British exploration and colonization of the African continent.

Cecil Rhodes

\________ is the process by which a standing monarch voluntarily renounces his position of authority; an example of this was Nicholas II's stepping down from the Romanov throne in March of 1917.

Abdication

In 1769, James Watt perfected his prototype for this significant invention.

Steam engine

Migrant workers from \________ contributed greatly to the construction of cargo and passenger rail lines that connected San Francisco to the rest of Northern California, Nevada, Utah, and Colorado.

China

The French colony of Indochina was best known for trees that produced the sap used to make this valuable industrial material.

Rubber

Inequalities such as those from minority religions being required to pay extra taxes and forced military service were imposed on:

non-Muslims in the Ottoman Empire

This was Arabic term for "disaster," which was used to connote the Palestinian refugee crisis following the creation of Israel, in 1948.

Nakba

The Dandi March was instigated by Gandhi following what British action?

A tax on salt

Which of the following regions of the world was dominated by France during the 19th and early 20th centuries?

North Africa

The Mau Mau Uprising took place in which British colony?

Kenya

\_________ was the last fortress of French control in Indochina, which fell to independence forces in 1954.

Dien Bien Phu

In addition to Buddhism, Japan was home to a type of traditional spirituality known as \_________, which endured during the Tokugawa Shogunate.

Shintoism

\___________ was a method of transmitted short and long sounds to transcribe different letters of the alphabet across a telegraph system, creating a telegram message.

Morse Code

\_________ invented the seed drill in 1701, which made planting more efficient and helped Britain increase its agricultural yields during the eighteenth century.

Jethro Tull

Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Rhodesia, and South Africa within the British Empire were examples of:

settler colonies

Which country was able to defeat the Ottomans in 1821 after 400 years of being in the Ottoman Empire?

Greece

The first European power to establish settlements on the island of Sri Lanka, also known as Ceylon, was:

Portugal

One common problem in less developed countries is the degradation of land that comes as a result of the land losing its bodies of water, vegetation, and wildlife. This process is called:

Desertification

If a historian, geographer or sociologist wanted to chart the progress of different societies around the world through different stages of economic and technological development they would use:

The Demographic Transition Model

Our modern world uses a process of interactions across the world based on trade, travel, and technology. This is called:

Globalization

Scientific Revolution

1600-1800 changes European intellectual lifeadvances in science and mathematics

Nicolaus Copernicus

Polish monk discovered heliocentrism in early 16th century

Galileo Galilei

Italian astronomer used the teslescope to to observe the starspopularized heliocentrism combined math and observations into collection data

Johannes Kepler

German astronomer who first stated laws of planetary motion (1571-1630) wrote things that helped support Newtons theories

Tycho Brahe

from Denmark provided foundation for future astronomers

Rene Descartes

French mathemetician emphasized importance of reasoning and logic in science

Francis Bacon

Englishman17th century scientific method

Isaac Newton

Englishman late 18th century observed concept of gravity

Age of Enlightenment

period of time in which people tried to apply scientific principles to daily life

John Locke

1632 -1704 writer wrote "Two Treaties of Govenment" said governments get their power from the governed and this can be withdrawn if government doesn't serve needs monarchs didn't have divine rights

Baron Charles de Montesquieu

French 1750 published "The Spirit of Laws" argued that government should seperate into three branches

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

French 1750 published "The Social Contract' monarchs didn't have divine rights

Francois Voltaire

"I disapprove of what you say but I will defend to the death your right to say it.”

Simon Bolivar

helped establish a national congress in 1811 fought for independence civil war lasted for 10 years founded Gran Columbia

Gran Colombia

created by Bolivar

made of Venezuela, Columbia, Panama, Ecuador

Jose de Martin

creole class of Argentina

took control of Argentina's military

1814 merged with Bolivar's forces

Miguel Hidalgo

Creole

Mexican rebel

revolt was suppressed

Jose Morelos

platform of land redistriubtion

executed in 1815

Treaty of Cordoba

1821 Spain lost control of colonies

Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo

1848 Ended Mexican-American war transferred Mexico's northwest territories to the US

Porfirio Diaz

Mexican president ruled for 35 years

conservative

Francisco Madero

1911 replaced Diaz

more liberal

Assassinated

Pino Suarez

VP to Madero assassinated

Constitutionalist Party

won Mexican civil war (1914-1915) led by Carranza

Emiliano Zapata

revolutionary leader

assassinated by Carranza in 1919

Pedro I

declared Brazil an independant country declared himself king

abdicated in favor of his son

Pedro II

king of Brazil ruled through 19th century

focused on making Brazil an agricultural superpower

Princess Isabel

daughter of Pedro II

when Pedro left in 1888 she took over and

abolished slavery (Brazil was last country to end slavery) landowning class disliked the end of slavery overthrew monarchy in 1889

Joint Stock Companies

force for imperialism and colonization

shares of businesses are owned by different people

split risk

British East India Company

trade company given charter in 1600 by Queen Elizabeth I

1612 got the charter for India from King James I (Stuart King)

Imperialism

political and/or economic domination over another country

imperial power: one that accumulates wealth and military power and can control other countries

Colony

land and its native people that are controlled by another country

Company colony

a colony that was originally controlled by a trading companya charter colony