Procedures II Final (copy)

Where is the IR centered for delayed images of the small intestine?

Level of the iliac crests

The opening between the small intestine and large intestine is called the

Ileocecal valve

At which level is the IR centered for an AP or PA oblique stomach and duodenum

L1/L2

The esophagus joins the stomach through an opening called the

Cardiac orifice

Which of the following planes is centered to the grid for the PA oblique projection of the stomach and duodenum?

A longitudinal plane midway between the vertebrae and the lateral border of the elevated side

The most distal portion of the small intestine is the

ileum

All of the following are techniques used during radiographic examination of the pharyngolaryngeal structures except

Sneezing

Which drug may be given to the patient to relax the gastrointestinal tract?

Glucagon

What position is used for the PA oblique projection of the esophagus?

35 to 40 degree RAO

All of the following organs lie in the abdominal cavity, except

Urinary bladder

The PA projection of the stomach best demonstrates the

Duodenal bulb

Where is the center of the IR positioned for an AP abdominal image performed with the patient in the upright position?

2 inches above the iliac crests

For all projections of the esophagus, the top of the IR is positioned at

The level of the mouth

What is the degree of body rotation for the PA oblique projection of the esophagus?

35 to 40 degrees

The degree of body rotation for the PA oblique projection of the stomach will depend on the body habitus. The greatest degree of rotation would be used for which body habitus?

Hypersthenic

Which projection of the stomach would best demonstrate a hiatal (diaphragmatic) herniation?

AP, Trendelenburg position

What is the average degree of body rotation for an AP oblique projection of the stomach and duodenum?

45 degrees

The most commonly performed abdominal examination is referred to as a(n):

KUB

Where does the esophagus lie in relation to the trachea?

Behind the trachea

The degree of body rotation for an AP oblique stomach radiographic images ranges from _____ degrees.

30 to 60

For which type of body habitus is the stomach almost horizontal?

Hypersthenic

Where is the center of the IR positioned for a lateral projection of the abdomen performed with the patient in the dorsal decubitus position?

2 inches above the iliac crests

What is the respiration phase for an AP abdominal image obtained with the patient in the supine position?

Expiration

The patient preparation for a small intestine examination is food and fluid withheld:

after the evening meal and no breakfast

What is the recommended general body position for a radiographic series (not fluoroscopy) of the esophagus?

Recumbent

What is the recommended oblique projection and position for the best demonstration of the esophagus?

PA, RAO

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Which are essential oblique projections of the stomach and duodenum?

1\. AP projection, LPO

2\. PA projection, RAO

3\. PA projection, LAO

1 and 2

The widest portion of the small bowel is the

duodenum

The folds of the thick inner lining of the stomach are termed the:

rugae

The organ of the voice is the

Larynx

Where does the trachea lie in relation to the esophagus

Anterior

Which structure is air-filled on double-contrast images of the stomach obtained in the PA oblique projection, RAO position?

Fundus

All of the following are the essential projections for an esophagus series, except:

AP Axial Oblique

Which projection of the stomach is demonstrated in this figure?

AP Oblique

At which level is the IR centered for a PA projection of the stomach and duodenum?

L1/L2

For which radiographic exams of the GI tract is “high-density” barium sulfate used?

Double-contrast

Where is the IR centered for images of the small intestine that are taken within 30 minutes of drinking the barium?

2 inches above the iliac crests

How much is the body rotated for the PA oblique projection of the stomach and duodenum?

40 to 70 degrees

Demonstrating small amounts of intraperitoneal gas in patients with an acute abdomen is often necessary. How long should the patient lie in the left lateral position before the exposure is made?

at least 5 minutes

The most common contrast medium used for radiologic examinations of the gastrointestinal tract is:

barium sulfate

Where is the center of the IR positioned for an AP abdominal image performed with the patient in the supine position?

Iliac crests

What is the respiration phase for an AP abdominal image obtained with the patient in the left lateral decubitus position?

Expiration

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Which of the following contrast media are used for examinations of the gastrointestinal tract?

1\. Air

2\. Barium sulfate

3\. Water-soluble iodinated solution

1, 2, and 3

An acute abdominal series (obstruction series) may be ordered to rule out all of the following except:

tumor mass

Which of the following serves as a passage for both food and air?

pharynx

Which projection of the stomach demonstrates its anterior and posterior surfaces?

Lateral

Which of the following projections will best demonstrate the fundus of the stomach?

AP oblique, LPO

The pouchlike portion of the large intestine that is situated below the junction of the ileum and colon is the:

cecum

For the AP projection of the pharynx and larynx, the central ray should be directed perpendicular to the:

laryngeal prominence

Which examination requires the use of time markers on the images?

small intestine

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Which methods are used to administer barium for a radiographic examination of the small intestine?

1\. By mouth

2\. Reflux filling

3\. Enteroclysis

1, 2, and 3

The central-ray angulation for an AP abdominal image is:

0 degrees

Where is the center of the IR positioned for an AP abdominal image obtained in the left lateral decubitus position?

2 inches above the iliac crests

The vermiform appendix of the colon is attached to the:

cecum

The small intestine is divided into how many distinct portions?

three

What is the respiration phase for all radiographic exposures of the stomach and intestines?

expiration

If a patient is unable to stand for an upright AP abdominal image, which position should be used?

Left lateral decubitus

The muscle controlling the opening between the stomach and the duodenum is termed the:

Pyloric sphincter

What is the respiration phase for an AP or PA abdominal image obtained with the patient in the upright position?

Expiration

For which type of body habitus is the stomach nearly vertical?

Asthenic

The contraction waves by which the digestive tube moves its contents toward the rectum are called:

Peristalsis

A properly exposed abdominal image will exhibit all of the following, except the:

Pancreas

The stomach wall is composed of how many layers?

Four

What is the length of the average adult small intestine?

22 feet

The opening between the stomach and the small intestine is termed the pyloric:

Orifice

The laryngeal prominence known as the Adam’s apple is the:

Thyroid cartilage

Which of the following planes is positioned to the center of the grid for the lateral projection of the stomach and duodenum?

A plane passing midway between the midcoronal plane and the anterior surface of the abdomen

Which of the following will best demonstrate the duodenal bulb and loop?

PA oblique, RAO

One of the primary reasons a left lateral decubitus abdominal image is performed is to demonstrate:

air-fluid levels

Food and fluid should be withheld for how many hours before a stomach examination?

6-9 (8 average)

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Where do the kidneys and ureters lie in relation to the peritoneum?

Behind the peritoneum

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Where is the IR centered for an AP axial projection of the urinary bladder (cystogram)?

\n

2 inches above the upper border of the symphysis pubis

\n

The abbreviation for the excretory (antegrade) technique of urography is:

IVU

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Where is the IR centered for all abdominal images taken during examinations of the entire urinary system (urogram)?

Iliac Crests

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Which of the following is considered an operative examination?

\n

Retrograde urography

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The largest gland in the body is the:

liver

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ERCP is an acronym for:

\n

Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography

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In which position should the patient be placed to insert the enema tip for a barium enema?

Sims

The degree of body rotation for the PA and AP oblique projections of the large intestine is  ________ degrees?

35-45

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Insertion of the enema tip for a large intestine procedures is within the scope of practice for radiographers. Inflation of retention balloon for a large intestine evaluation should be inflated by the:

\n

radiologist using fluoroscopy

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In some radiography procedures involving the urinary system, the contrast medium is introduced against the normal flow. This is termed:

retrograde

\n

Where is the IR centered on sthenic patients for the double-contrast AP projection of the large intestine?

Iliac Crest

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The radiographic examination of the urinary bladder and urethra is called:

\n

cystourethrography.

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For which of the following anatomic areas may the retrograde technique used?

1\.  Bladder

2\.  Lower ureters

3\.  Collecting System

1, 2, and 3

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The respiration phase for radiographic images made during a large intestine procedure is:

Suspended Respiration

The technique of injecting contrast media into a vein (antegrade) and taking radiographic images of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder is termed:

\n

intravenous urography.

The primary importance of preparation of the intestinal tract for examination of the large intestine is that:

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retained fecal matter can resemble pathology

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What is the length of the large intestine?

5 feet

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Which of the following is true regarding retrograde urography?

1\.  The ureters must be catheterized.

2\.  The exam provides little physiologic (functional) information.

3\.  The entire urinary system is evaluated.

1, 2, and 3

Which position of the large intestine best demonstrates the posterior portion of the rectum when inflated with air?

Ventral decubitus

What is the central-ray angulation for the AP axial urinary bladder?

10 to 15 degrees caudad

Where is the IR centered for the AP oblique projection during a male or female cystourethrogram?

Superior border of the pubic symphysis

Which position of the colon best demonstrates the right colic flexure?

RAO

At which level is the center of the IR positioned for a lateral projection of the recto-sigmoid area?

ASIS

Which projection and position of the large inestine best demonstrates the medial aspect of the ascending colon and the lateral aspect of the descending colon when the colon is inflated with air?

AP Right Lateral decubitus

What is the central-ray angle for the AP oblique projections of the urinary system (urogram)?

0 degrees

Which projection would place the right kidney perpendicular to the IR?

AP oblique, RPO

How much is the body rotated for the AP oblique projection of the urinary bladder during a cystogram?

40 to 60 degrees

The respiration phase for radiographic images made during intravenous urography is:

suspended expiration.

Where do the ureters enter the bladder

Posterolateral wall