Intro to Anatomy CCP

Anatomy

The study of the structure of the body and the relationships between body parts. Meaning "cut up" in Greek

Macroscopic anatomy

Also called Gross anatomy; the study of structures which can be seen with the unaided eye

Surface Anatomy

study of general form and superficial markings

Systemic Anatomy

Study of 11 different body systems

Regional Anatomy

Study of specific regions of the body including all tissues residing within the region

Microscopic Anatomy

Study of structures which cannot be seen without the aide of magnifying equipment

Cytology

Cyto- meaning cells; the study of internal structures of cells

Histology

Histo- meaning tissue; the study of groups of tissues and how they interact to form tissues

Developmental Anatomy

A type of specialized anatomical study; Study of the structural changes in the form of and individual from fertilized egg to mature adult

Embryology

sub- branch of developmental anatomy; study of embryos and their development

Medical anatomy

A type of specialized anatomical study; study of the characteristic changing in anatomy during disease

Radiological Anatomy

A type of anatomical study; study of anatomical visible with radiographic technology

Body Divisions

3 main division called the body wall, body cavities, and organs

Body wall

The structures forming the framework of the body, supporting and enclosing vital organs. Skin, skeleton, and skeletal muscles are all parts of the body wall. Head, arms and legs are considered special modifications of the body wall

Body cavities

Internal spaces within the body wall that are filled with the body's organs

Organs

Structures within the body capable of specific functions

Body systems

groups of organs that perform specific functions in the human body

Integumentary system

Forms the outermost part of the body wall; skin, hair, nails, glands, sensory endings, meant to protect body from the environment and temperature control

skeletal system

Part of the body wall; consists of skeletal muscles and tendons. Function: support, protection, blood formation, mineral storage

Muscular system

Component of body wall. Consists of skeletal muscles and tendons. Function: support, mobility, and heat production

Nervous system

Central (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral (motor and sensory nerves) nervous systems. Function: controls body systems, perceiving internal and external environments

Endocrine system

Glandular tissue throughout the body. Function: coordinates and controls body systems (use chemical signals- hormones)

Cardiovascular system

Heart and blood vessels throughout the body. Function: Internal transport of dissolved materials - nutrients, gases, waste

Lymphatic system

Structures throughout the body. Consists lymph vessels, nodes, and organs. Function: Internal defense and blood volume maintenece

Respiratory system

Structures involved in the exchange of gases; lungs, nose, larynx, trachea, bronchi. Exchange of gases with the body and the environment

Digestive system

Primarily within the abdominal cavity. Function: processing of food and the absorption of nutrients, minerals, vitamins, and water and the elimination of waste

Urinary system

Primarily within the pelvic cavity; consists of the kidney, ureter, bladder, and urethra. Function: regulation of blood chemistry via the elimination of excess water, salts, and waste products

Reproductive system

Primarily within the pelvic cavity. Consists of sex organs (ovaries/ testis) and support structures. Function: production and support of sex cells and hormone production

Standard Anatomical Position

standing upright, head faces forward, arms at sides, palms face forward, thumbs pointed outward, feet flat, toes pointing forward

Cephalon

cephalic (head)

Cranium

cranial (skull)

Nasus

Nasal (nose)

Bucca

buccal (cheek)

Auris (Otic)

Aurical (Ear)

Oculus

Ocular (eye)

Oris

Oral (Mouth)

Cervicis

Cervical (neck)

Thoracis

Thoracic (Chest)

Mamma

Mammary (breast)

Axilla

Axillary (armpit)

Acromium

Acromial (Shoulder)

Brachium

Brachial (upper arm)

Antebrachium

Antebrachial (forearm)

Antecubitis

Antecubital (front of elbow)

Carpus

carpal (wrist)

Manus

Manual (hand)

Palma

Palmar (palm)

Digits (phalangeas)

Digital (phalangeal) (fingers)

abdomen

abdominal (abdomen)

Pelvis

Pelvic (pelvis)

Coxa

Coxal (Hip)

Pubis

Pubic (Anterior pelvis)

Inguen

Inguinal (Groin)

Lumbus

Lumbar (lower back)

Gluteus

Gluteal (Buttock)

Femur

Femoral (thigh)

Patella

Patellar (knee)

Popliteus

popliteal (back of knee)

Crus

Crural (leg; from knee to ankle)

Sura

Sural (calf)

Tarsus

Tarsal (Ankle)

Pes

Pedal (foot)

Planta

Plantar (sole of foot)

Digits (phalanges)

Digital (phalangeal) ( toes)

Calcaneus

Calcaneal (heel)

Sagittal plane

Divides the body or organ into right and left (vertical)

Midsagittal plane

Passes through the mid- line and divides the body or organ into exactly left and right halves

Parasagittal plane

divides the body or organ into unequal right and left sections

Frontal (Coronal) plane

Divides the body or organ into Anterior (front) and Posterior (back) sections

Transverse plane

Divides the body into superior and inferior sections

oblique plane

passes through the body or organ at an angle and divides the body into unequal sections

Superior

Above (towards head)

inferior

Below (toward feet)

Cephalic or Cranial

Towards the head

Anterior (Ventral)

Near the front of the body

Posterior (dorsal)

near the back of the body

medial

toward the midline

lateral

away from the midline

Ipsilateral

on the same side of the body

Contralateral

on the opposite side of the body

Proximal

Near the point of attachment (trunk)

Distal

Far from the point of attachment (trunk)

superficial

toward the surface of the body or organ

Intermediate

Between a superficial structure and a deep structure

deep

away from the surface of the body or organ

Dorsal Body Cavity

Cushions and protects the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord)

Cranial Cavity

Cavity formed by the bones of the skull (houses the brain)

Spinal (Vertebral) cavity

cavity formed by the vertebral column (houses spinal cord)

Ventral body cavity (coelom)

Enclosed by the ribs, abdominal and lumbar musculature. Surrounds organs of the respiratory, digestive, cardiovascular, urinary, and reproductive systems

Thoracic cavity

Enclosed by the rib cage and separated from the abdominopelvic cavity by the diaphragm.

Right and left pleural cavities

houses right and left lungs

Pericardial cavity

houses the heart

Abdominopelvic Cavity

enclosed by the abdominal and lumbar muscles, inferior to the diaphragm, Houses abdominal Viscera (organs)

Abdominal cavity

Separated from inferior Pelvic cavity by an imaginary line at the pelvic brim, houses Digestive Organs and Glands

Pelvic Cavity

Separated from superior Abdominopelvic cavity by an imaginary line at the pelvic brim. Houses urinary, reproductive and distal portions of digestive systems

Visceral Serous Membranes

Cover all body organs

Visceral Pleura

Membrane covering the lungs

Visceral Pericardium

Membrane covering the heart

Visceral Peritoneum

Membrane covering all abdominal organs

Parietal Serous Membranes (Parietal Serosa)

Cover and line all body cavities