Media and Society Exam 3

Motion Picture

Technology (e.g., cameras, projectors, sound). A sequence of consecutive pictures of objects photographed in motion by a specially designed camera and thrown on a screen by a projector in such rapid succession as to give the illusion of natural movement.

Movies

economics (e.g., budgets, box office). Motion pictures as an industry, or as a genre of art or entertainment.

Films

politics (e.g., rhetoric, persuasion, impact on society). Motion pictures as political works.

Cinema

aesthetics (e.g., acting, mise-en-scene, montage, acting). Motion pictures collectively, as an art.

kinetograph and kinetoscope

was an innovative motion picture camera with rapid intermittent (a.k.a., stop-and-go) film movement, to photograph movies for commercial

Golden Year of Movies

1939
Gone with the Wind headlines

aspect ratio

The ratio of width to height of a film image

blockbuster

A film, show, novel, and so on, that proves to be an outstanding popular success.

box office bomb

A film that is considered highly unsuccessful or unprofitable during its theatrical run is said to have "bombed" or "flopped" at the box office.

gross

the total box office revenue before expenses are deducted

last time the box office champ won the Oscar

The Lord of the Ring: The Return of the King in 2003

Most Profitable Movie of All-Time

Paranormal Activity

product placement

The practice of companies paying for their products or services to be featured in movies and television programs.

verisimilitude

the appearance of being true or real

process of making a movie phases

preproduction, shooting, and postproduction

Preproduction Stage

This usually involves confirming financing and many of the key elements of the production, such as principal cast members, director, and cinematographer.

greenlit

Giving permission or a go ahead to move forward with a project.

screenwriter

Researches and develops story ideas and writes screenplays.

Script Editor

Helps screenwriters and producers improve the screenplays.

director

Directs the making of a film, controlling the artistic and dramatic aspects, and visualizing the script while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision.

Director of Photography

Works with the director, camera crew and lighting department to create the visual identity of the film.

agent

Represent performers and creative team members working not only in movies but also television, radio, and theater.

Development Executive

Responsible for finding and developing stories and screenplays for films.

casting director

Organizes the casting (selecting) of actors for all roles in a film, from leading roles to extras.

choreographer

Plans, creates and realizes the dance or movement design concepts for directors, producers and designers, as well as training dancers and actors in those routines and movements.

Production Designer

Defines and manage every visual aspect of a movie, working with the art director.

art director

Realize the production designer's creative vision for all the sets and locations that give productions their look and feel.

Storyboard Artist

Draws a series of pictures or paintings to represent a script or screenplay.

concept artist

Produces the illustrations that help production designers realize their vision.

scenic artist

Paints backdrops, murals, and many other elements on movie sets.

carpenter

Builds, installs and removes wooden structures on film sets and locations.

Set Decorator

Finds, hires, or commissions props for the movie set.

property master

Runs the property department and oversee the sourcing and making of props.

costume designer

In charge of designing, creating, acquiring, and hiring all costumes for actors and extras.

costume maker

Makes, fits, and alters all costumes that cannot be bought or hired by the costume designer.

producer

Responsible for all aspects of a film's production, putting together the cast and crew, and turning story ideas into profitable movies.

Executive Producer

Oversees the work of the producer on behalf of the studio, financiers, or distributors. They ensure the film is completed on time, within budget, and to agreed artistic and technical standards. Also known as the Executive in Charge of Production.

unit production manager

Manages the production budget and production schedule.

line producer

Supervise the preparation of a film's budget and cost the production for investors.

location manager

Finds ideal locations for a film shoot and negotiates the fees, terms and permission.

Production Accountant

Calculates finances, works out the cost of a production, communicates with financiers, and controls the flow of cash and spending on the movie.

Assistant Director

Tracks daily progress against the film production schedule, arranges logistics, prepares daily call sheets, checks case and crew, and maintains order on the set.

chief makeup artist

Designs and creates the makeup on feature films and big-budget commercials, as well as running the Makeup Department and supervising the application of all makeup.

gaffer

Oversees all practical and technical aspects of the electrics and lighting to get the right effects. Also known as chief electrician or chief lighting technician.

best boy

The best electrician in the team led by the Gaffer (the term applies to both men and women).

grip

Builds and maintains all equipment that supports cameras as well as helping to position and move cameras.

shooting stage

shooting of a film or video (also called the production phase) involves both the cast of the film and additional crew members brought in to handle the technical end of the production behind the camera.

post production stage

all stages of production occurring after shooting the movie. It typically includes editing, adding visual special effects, mixing
The general term for the work of the sound editor or mixer, who combines and edits various separate soundtracks into one final version.], looping [hover definition: A technique of post-dubbing where a performer attempts to match dialogue to performance while watching a short piece of the scene formed into a loop
, and making copies of the film for distribution and exhibition. Today, postproduction work can often take longer than the actual shooting of the film, even though some of the work actually begins during the shoot and runs concurrently.

foley artist

Uses creativity to make viewers believe that the sound effects are actually real by adding them in post production after the film has been shot.

distributor

Creates plans for film releases to ensure they reach big audiences and earn a profit.

marketing and publicity manager

Oversees the creation and planning of marketing campaigns for films, working with the distributor, film studios, and filmmakers.

publicist

Works with the film distributor and producer to prepare publicity campaigns to promote the release of the movie.

Mise-en-scene

refers to everything that appears before the camera and how it is arranged. This covers a lot of elements of filmmaking: set design, costumes, lighting etc

montage

refers to film editing, which originally required different strips of film to be spliced together to make up a movie.

shot

the basic unit of film construction. A single shot can be as short as 1/24 second (one frame) or last as long as 10 minutes (given that most motion picture cameras can only hold 10 minutes of film).

match cut

A cut from one shot to another in which a certain subject or action is carried over, or matched

American Montage

a montage sequence that violates time and/or space.

Acoustics

The interdisciplinary science that deals with the study of sound. Specifically, musical acoustics studies the physics of music.

Beat

In music, the basic unit of time, often defined as the rhythm listeners tape their toes to or musicians count while performing.

Business Model

An organization's plan for generating value from operations.

Censorship

The suppression of speech, public communication, or other information which may be considered objectionable, harmful, sensitive, politically incorrect, or inconvenient as determined by governments, media outlets, authorities, or other groups or institutions.

Consonance

In music, the level of sweetness, pleasantness, and acceptability of the sound intervals in a song. Consonance is the counterpart to dissonance.

Cover

A new performance or recording of a previously recorded song by someone other than the original artist/composer. Also known as a cover version or a cover song.

Crooner

A label given to male singers of jazz standards, backed by a full orchestra, big band or by a piano. Originally meant ironically, denoting the emphatically sentimental and often emotional singing style made possible by the use of microphones, it became the dominant popular vocal style heard on the radio.

Dissonance

In music, the level of harshness, unpleasantness, and unacceptability of the sound intervals in a song. is the counterpart to consonance.

Dynamics

The degree of loudness or softness of a piece of music. Composers use abbreviations and symbols to denote when to change the volume of a piece.

Fair use

A limitation and exception to the exclusive right granted by copyright law to the author of a creative work. Examples of fair use include teaching, commentary, search engines, criticism, parody, news reporting, research, library archiving, and scholarship.

Freedom songs

Songs sung by those in the Civil Rights Movement. Also called Civil Rights anthems.

Freemium

A pricing strategy where a product or service, typically a digital offering or application, is provided free of charge, but money is charged for proprietary features, functionality, or virtual goods.

Harmony

The use of simultaneous pitches (tone, notes), or chords. Harmony is often said to represent the "vertical" aspect of music, while melody is the "horizontal" aspect.

High fidelity

The faithful reproduction of sound using electronic equipment with little distortion.

Hip-hop

The faithful reproduction of sound using electronic equipment with little distortion.

Instrumentation

The particular combination of musical instruments used in a composition or an arrangement.

Master royalties

Paid to a label when the label's recording is used in an advertisement, film, television program, streaming service, or other medium.

Mechanical Royalties

Royalties paid for any copyrighted audio composition that is rendered mechanically (i.e., without human performers). This would include tape recordings, DVDs, VHS, MIDI files, computer games, music videos, ringtones, musical toys, and so on.

Melody

A linear succession of musical tones that the listener perceives as a single entity. In its most literal sense, a melody is a combination of pitch and rhythm.

music royalties

Different types of payments received by songwriters, performers, and companies for music.

performance royalties

Royalties received for the performance of a song or composition. Such performances can be live, recorded, or broadcast.

piracy

Copyright infringement in the use of works protected by copyright law without permission, infringing upon certain exclusive rights granted to the copyright holder, such as the right to reproduce, distribute, display or perform the protected work, or to make derivative works.

Pitch

The quality that makes it possible to judge sounds as "higher" and "lower" in the sense associated with musical melodies. Pitch is a major auditory attribute of musical tones, along with duration, loudness, and timbre.

Popular music

A term applying to a number of musical genres seen as having wide appeal and typically distributed to large audience through the music industry. Popular music stands in contrast to both art (classical) music and traditional (folk) music. While popular music is sometimes known as "pop music," the two terms are not interchangeable (pop music denotes the popularity of rock and roll during the 1950s and 1960s).

Protest songs

Songs that express support or disapproval for a political subject, usually associated with a movement for social change.

Rythem

In the performance arts, the timing of musical sounds and silence, the steps of a dance, or the meter of spoken language and poetry.

Royalties

A payment made by one party (the "licensee") to another that owns a particular asset (the "licensor") for the right to ongoing use of that asset. Royalties are typically agreed upon as a percentage of gross or net revenues derived from the use of an asset or a fixed price per unit sold of an itch of such.

Tempo

The speed or pace of a given piece or subsection of music. Typically written at the start of the score and usually indicated in beats per minute.

Theme

In music, the material, usually a recognizable melody, upon which part of all of a composition is based.

Timbre

The quality of a musical note, sound, or tone that distinguishes different types of voice and musical instruments, even when they have the same pitch and loudness. Also known as tone color or tone quality.

Topical songs

A song that comments on political and/or social events, typically offering a mix of narrative and commentary.

Broadcasting

Originally using wireless technology to simultaneously reach a wide audience, now taken to be the act of transmitting speech, music, visual images, and so on, as by radio or television. The term also applies to radio or television as a business or profession.

Daypart

The time segments that divide a radio or television day for programming and ad scheduling purposes.

Download

Any file that is offered for downloading or that has been downloaded, or the process of receiving such a file.

Downloading

Receiving data to a local system from a remote system, or to initiate such a data transfer.

electomagnetic spectrum

The limited range of frequencies that can be used for transmitting radio waves with electricity.

Federal Communications Commission

The government agency in charge of regulating broadcast communication.

Format

A consistent programming formula for the content broadcast over a radio station.

mores code

A system of dots and dashes invented by Samuel F.B. Morse that was used in transmitting telegraph messages.

Payola

The illegal practice of record companies paying radio station personnel to play certain records on the air.

Pirate radio station

Unlicensed broadcast or short wave signals.

public interest, convenience, and necessity

A key phrase from the Radio Act of 1927 requiring that broadcasting serve the public good.

Radio feature performance

Defined by BMI as the performance of a popular song "that lasts 60 seconds or more and is the sole sound broadcast at the time of the performance."