Test 1 BIO 151

Bases on Lectures 1-4

Which of the following is a function of the blood?

• defense against toxins and pathogens

• Transport of nutrients and wastes

• Trigger the blood clotting

• Transport of body heat

• Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide

The components of the blood include 55% _______ and 45% ______

Plasma; formed elements

Formed elements make up about what percentage of blood?

45%

The total volume of blood in the body of a 80 kg (176.f lb) man is approximately ________ liters.

6.4 liters

A plasma protein essential for blood coagulation is

Fibrinogen

A typical adult hematocrit is

45

The most abundant proteins in blood plasma are

Albumins

Which of the following statements about blood is FALSE

The normal ph of blood is 6.8 - 7

Which is not a formed element of blood?

antibodies

A hematocrit provides information on

formed elements abundance

All blood cells are derived from ____ in the red bone marrow.

Pluripotent stem cells

Name label #3 in the that create lymphocytes

Lymphoid stem cells

What is the stem cell that creates blood?

Myeloid stem cell

megakaryocyte

bone marrow cell that produces platelets

Red blood cell production is regulated by the hormone

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Platelet production is regulated by the hormone

thrombopoietin (TPO)

In adults, the only site of red blood cell production, and the primary site of white blood cell formation, is the

Red bone marrow

In the situation of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning, CO is competing with O2 for the binding on _______

Fe2

More than 95 percent of the protein in a red blood cell is

Hemoglobin

_________ is the protein molecule that carries the oxygen within the red blood cells.

Hemoglobin

Hemoglobin is the protein molecule includes two parts: heme and ________.

Globin

Which of the following would you expect to see in increased numbers in a peripheral blood sample after donating a unit of blood?

Reticulocytes

_______ is referring to the _______ that is deficient of O2 supply.

Hypoxia; tissue (or organ)

Which of the followings is NOT involved in negative feed-back of erythropoiesis?

Heart

Correction of hypoxemia is regulated by a(n)

Negative feedback loop

Provide the negative feedback control of RBC production by placing the following events in correct order.

1) release of EPO

2) increased RBC count

3) hypoxia/hypoxemia

4) stimulation of red bone marrow

5) detected by the kidney

6) increased O2 transport

3-5-1-4-2-6

Emily is a strict vegan and therefore eats no animal products. She develops an anemia that her doctor thinks is caused by a nutritional deficiency. Which of the following is the likeliest candidate?

Vitamin B12 deficiency

Which of these proteins functions to store or transport iron?

Ferritin, hemosiderin, transferrin

Transferrin is the protein that carries ______ to the liver/spleen during hemoglobin recycling.

Iron

After the death of red blood cells, the _____ will be recycled and stored in liver and spleen. It is the important portion of hemoglobin that binds to O2.

Fe2

The average life span of a red blood cell is

4 months (120 days)

______ are the most abundant leukocytes in the blood. The increase of their number may suggest bacterial infection.

Neutrophils

Higher percentage of lymphocytes suggest.(25-33%) Normal range

Viral infection

The cessation of bleeding is specifically called __________

Hemostasis

The final product of the common pathway of coagulation is _______

Fibrin thread

The positive feedback for amplifying the coagulation effect takes place in

Common pathway

The clotting factor that initiates the intrinsic pathway of coagulation is released by the _______

Platelets

Hemophilia is a bleeding disorder in which the blood doesn't clot normally due to the lacking of certain _______

Blood clotting factors

The common pathway of coagulation starts from

prothrombinase

Which clotting factor(s) initiates the intrinsic pathway of coagulation?

XII platelets (12)

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of hemostasis.

1) Platelet plug formation

2) Blood clotting

3) coagulation

4) fibrinolysis

5) vascular spasm

Fibrinolysis

Which of the following vitamins is needed for the formation of clotting factors?

Vitamin K

What Organ is most synthesized for blood clotting

Liver

The common pathway of coagulation begins with the

conversion of Factor X to prothrombinase.

The conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is catalyzed by the enzyme

Thrombin

How would removal of calcium ions from a blood sample affect coagulation?

Coagulation would be prevented

Areas in a vessel wall where large quantities of lipid accumulate are called

Plaques

People who suffer from hemophilia A fail to produce a functional Factor VIII; as a result

They lack a functional intrinsic pathway

Tissue factor (Factor III) is a factor in the ________ pathway.

Extrinsic

A moving blood clot is called a(n)

embolus

The enzyme that can digest fibrin and dissolve a clot is

Plasmin

involves a cascade of reactions leading to the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.

Coagulation

Which of these descriptions best matches the function of platelets?

Adhere to collagen beneath endothelium

The intrinsic pathway of coagulation is activated by the

activation of Factor XII exposed to collagen.

The process of fibrinolysis

dissolves clots

digestive disorder that impairs a person's ability to absorb vitamin K will result in

Prolonged bleeding

low levels of prothrombin.

low levels of fibrin

Heart Anatomy

Four chambers, 2 valves, pulmonary arteries and veins

Hematocrit

The percent of blood determined by separation of red blood cells from the plasma using centrifuge

Plasma cell

Produced by B lymphocyte (agranular)

Identify the components of the cardiovascular system.

blood, heart, and blood vessels

What is the pH of blood?

7.35-7.45

As blood leaves the right ventricle, it passes through the ________ and then into the pulmonary trunk.

conus arteriosus

the left side of the heart is the pump for the _____ circuit, which transports blood to the ___

systemic; whole body

there are ____ pulmonary veins

four

the left ventricle pumps blood to the

aorta

blood returning to the heart from the pulmonary circuit first enters the

left atrium

The earlike extension of the atrium is the

auricle

the superior and inferior venae cavae carry blood into

right atrium

The right atrium receives blood from the

superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus, and systemic circuit (all of the above)

Most of the middle layer in the heart wall is composed of

cardiac muscle cells

the atrioventricular valves permit blood flow

in one direction only

the ____ carry blood towards the lungs

pulmonary trunk and arteries

If the tricuspid valve is damaged and do NOT close completely during the normal point in the pumping cycle, blood may flow backwards into ________.

right atrium

Artery is to ________ as vein is to ________.

efferent and afferent

The heart chamber that pumps oxygenated blood around the systemic circuit is the

left ventricle

what structure anchor the chordae tendineae?

papillary muscles

the ______ receives blood directly from the left ventricle

aorta

In the middle of the thoracic cavity is a region occupied by the heart, great vessels, thymus, esophagus, and trachea called the

mediastinum

The right ventricle pumps blood to the

right and left lungs

The coronary sulcus is a groove that

marks the border between the atria and ventricles.

Blood returning to the heart from the systemic circuit first enters the

right atrium

the visceral pericardium is the same as the

epicardium

the ____ valve regulates the opening between the right atrium and the right ventricle

tricuspid

the coronary arteries originate at the base of the ________ and are the first branch off this vessel

aorta

Blood flowing into the heart from the venae cavae flows next through the ________ valve.

tricuspid

The epicardium is also known as the __________.

visceral layer of serous pericardium

Blood leaves the right ventricle by passing through the

pulmonary valve

During ventricular systole, the

AV valves are closed

the phase in the cardiac cycle when the mitral valve is closed and the aortic valve is open is the

systolic ejection phase

the first heart sound is heard when the

AV valves close

Considering the left ventricle, why does isovolumetric ventricular contraction occur during ventricular systole?

Aortic pressure is higher than ventricular pressure and the ventricle must pressurize the blood to open the aortic valve.

With each ventricular systole,

blood pressure increases

at a heart rate of 60 bpm, a cardiac cycle lasts

1 second

The first heart sound "LUBB" is heard when the

AV valves close (tricuspid & mitral)

During the T wave of the electrocardiogram, the ventricles are

both repolarizing and relaxing

depolarization of the Atria corresponds to the EKG's

P wave

the P wave of the electrocardiogram is a signal from

depolarization of the atria

Abnormally slow depolarization of the ventricles would most change the shape of the ________ in an ECG tracing.

QRS complex

depolarization of the ventricles is represented on an EKG by the

QRS complex

If the pacemaker cells in the SA node become more permeable to potassium ions, the

heart rate will decrease and cells will hyperpolarize