CIS EXAM 1

Information Age

the present time, during which infinite quantities of facts are widely available to anyone who can use a computer

Data

raw facts that describe the characteristics of an event or object

Information

data converted into a meaningful and useful context

Business Intelligence

information collected from multiple sources such as suppliers, customers, competitors, partners, and industries that analyzes patterns, trends, and relationships for decision making

Business Analytics

the scientific process of transforming data into insight for making better decisions

Knowledge

skills, experience, and expertise coupled with information and intelligence that creates a person’s intellectual resources

Knowledge Worker

individual valued for their ability to interpret and analyze information

Systems Thinking

a way of monitoring the entire system by viewing multiple inputs being processed or transformed to produce outputs while continuously gathering feedback on each part

Management Information Systems (MIS)

a business function, like accounting and Human Resources, which moves information about people, products, and processes across the company to facilitate decision-making and problem-solving

First-Mover Advantage

occurs when an organization can significantly impact its market share by being first to market with a competitive advantage

Hardware

consists of the physical devices associated with a computer system

Input

equipment used to capture information and commands

Output

equipment used to see, hear, otherwise accept the results of information processing requests

Storage (Primary)

the computers main memory, which consists of the random access memory (RAM), the cache memory, and the read-only memory (ROM) that is directly accessible to the central processing unit (CPU)

Storage (Secondary)

equipment designed to store large volumes of data for long-term storage

CPU

the actual hardware that interprets and executes the program (software) instructions and coordinates how all the other hardware devices work together

Software

the set of instructions the hardware executes to carry out specific tasks

Application Software

performs specific information processing needs

Systems Software

controls how various tools work together along with application software

Operating System Software

windows, Mac OS, linux

Utility Software

antivirus, screen savers, data recovery

Competitive Advantage

a product or service that an organization’s customers place a greater value on than similar offerings from a competitor

SWOT Analysis

evaluates an organization’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to identify significant influences that work for or against business strategies

Five-Forces Model

evaluating industry attractiveness c

Three Generic Strategies

choosing a business focus

Value Chain Analysis

executing business strategies

Integration

allows separate systems to communicate directly with each other, eliminating the need for manual entry into multiple systems

Application Integration

integration of a company’s existing information systems

Data Integration

integration of data from multiple sources, which provides a unified view of the data

Forward Integration

sends information downstream to systems and processes

Backward Integration

sends information to all upstream systems and processes

Enterprise System

provide enterprise wide support and data access for a firm’s operations and business processes

Middleware

layer between two to communicate

Integration Tools

supply chain management, customer relationship management, enterprise resource planning

SCM System

3D Printing

RFID (Radio Frequency Identification)

Drones

Robotics

CRM Systems

ERP Systems

Information Ethics

Information Ethics

PAPA (Privacy, Accuracy, Property, Access)

Copyright

Pirated Software

Counterfeit Software

Intellectual Property

Information Security

Data Scraping

Fair Information Practices (FIPs)

General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)

Security Policies

Ethical Computer Use Policy

Information Privacy Policy

Acceptable Use Policy

Email Privacy Policy

Social Media Policy

Workplace Monitoring Policy

Spam

Key Logger (Key Trapper) Software

Hardware Key Logger

Cookie

Spyware

Web Log

Clickstream

Downtime

Cybersecurity

Cyberattacks

Black-hat Hacker

Cracker

Cyberterrorist

Hactivist

White-Hat Hacker

Virus

Worm

Ransomware

Denial-of-service / Distributed DoS Attack

Trojan-horse Virus

Insiders

Social Engineering

Dumpster Diving

Pretexting

Information Security Policies

Identity Theft

Authentication

Authorization

Phishing

Pharming

Biometrics

Content Filtering

Encryption

Firewall

Security Plan

Structured Decisions

Semi-structured Decisions

Unstructured Decisions

Recurring Decisions

Nonrecurring Decisions

Operational Decisions