psychlogy

personality test

asses an individual's characteristics and identifies problems

objective test

A limited or forced-choice test designed to study personality characteristics.

projective test

an unstructured test in which a person is asked to respond freely, giving his or her own interpretation of various ambiguous stimuli

personality

the consistent, enduring, and unique characteristics of a person

unconscious

the part of the mind that contains material of which we are unaware but that strongly influences conscious processes and behaviors

id

the part of the unconscious personality that contains our needs, drives, instincts, and repressed material

ego

the part of the personality that is in touch with reality and strives to meet the demands of the id and the superego in socially acceptable ways

superego

the part of the personality that is the source of conscience and counteracts the socially undesirable impulses of the id

defense mechanisms

certain specific means by which the ego unconsciously protects itself against unpleasant impulses or circumstances

collective unconscious

the part of the mind that contains inherited instincts, urges, and memories common to all people

archetype

an inherited idea, based on the experiences of one's ancestors, which shapes one's perception of the world

inferiority complex

a pattern of avoiding feelings of inadequacy rather than trying to overcome their source

behaviorism

beliefs that the proper subject matters of psychology is objectively observable behavior and nothing else

contingencies of reinforcement

the occurrence of rewards or punishments following particular behaviors

humanistic psychology

a school of psychology that emphasizes personal growth and the achievement of maximum potential by each unique individual

self-actualization

the humanist term for realizing one's unique potential

self

one's experience or image of oneself, developed through interaction with others

positive regard

viewing oneself in a favorable light due to supportive feedback received from interaction with others

condition of worth

the conditions a person must meet in order to regard himself or herself positively

unconditional positive regard

the perception that individuals' significant others value them for what they are, which leads the individuals to grant themselves the same regard

fully functioning

having the person and self coincide

trait

a tendency to react to a situation in a way that remains stable over time

cardinal trait

a characteristic or feature that is so pervasive the person is almost identified with it

factor analysis

a complex statistical technique used to identify the underlying reasons variables are correlated

source trait

a stable characteristic that can be considered to be at the core of personality

surface trait

a stable characteristic that can be observed in certain situations

friendliness, traditionalist (or not), comfortable in social situations

what are the 3 traits that people are born with?

traditionalist

a person who has deep respect for long-held cultural and religious values

self concept

the big picture, how you see yourself, physical traits and how you react, have some control but not a lot

sex, height, physical appearance, eye and hair color

what are some physical traits of self concept?

ascribed traits

God given traits, physical

achieved traits

This you work for, such as being

a university graduate or the employee of a certain company

self concept

influenced by how we see ourselves and our abilities

self efficacy

An individual's belief that he or she is capable of performing a task

Charles Horton Cooley and george herbet mead

created 1 of the 3 perspectives psychologists use

symbolic interaction theory

theory created by cooley and mead

symbolic interaction theory

theory that people make sense of the world based on their interpretation of words or symbols used by others

cooley

Developed the looking glass self

looking glass self

an image of yourself based on what you believe others think of you

mead

supported cooley's idea, and added that we adopt other people's way of thinking and mood when around others

western

individualistic culture

individualist

competition, individualism, praise others

eastern

collectivist culture

collectivist

about the group (family, society)

The squeaky wheel gets the grease

the phrase that says the most noticeable (or loudest) problems are the ones most likely to get attention.

psychodynamic theory

perspective that the unconscious and subconscious creates the initial personality

sigmund freud and jung

psychodynamic psychologists

sigmund freud

who created the iceberg analogy?

1; 9

the iceberg analogy explains that \____/10 is conscious \___/10 is unconscious

conscious mind

facts and memories

unconscious

the (conscious/unconscious) mind is the most important

preconscious/subconscious

level just below our present conscious awareness; things we have knowledge of, but aren't presently thinking about

sigmund freud

believed that personality is set by the age of 5

sigmund freud

said "the twig of personality is bent at an early age"

sigmund freud

who identified 3 systems/functions of personality?

id, ego, superego

what are the 3 systems/functions of personality?

id

latin for "it"

id

one of the 3 systems of personality that is present at birth

id

works for the pleasure principle; job is to satisfy the libido

libido

latin for "lust" or "desire"; sexual energy

id

often refereed to as the "small child"

id

comes out in our dreams

id

freudian slip (slip of the tongue/misspeak)

ego

latin for "self" or "I"

ego

one of the 3 systems/functions of personality that appears at age 2

ego

works on reality principle

ego

helps get what you want as long as there's no dire principle/consequences

ego

the "adult in you"

defense mechanisms

what is used to protect ego?

superego

works on morality principle of right/wrong

superego

parent of the "should do"

ego

we mostly need our (id/ego/superego)

transactional analysis

treatment that focuses on patterns of interaction with others, especially patterns that indicate personal problems

oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital

What are the 5 psychosexual stages of development?

oral

1st psychosexual stage of development that occurs from birth to 1 1/2 to 2 years old

oral

psychosexual stage of development that involves the mouth being the center of all contact

weening

what must happen at the oral psychosexual stage of development?

person will always have to have something in their mouth, become obese, anorexic, talkative

what type of fixation will occur if weening is done too early/late?

anal

2nd psychosexual stage of development that occurs from ages 1 1/2 or 2 to 3 years old

potty training

what happens in the anal psychosexual stage of development?

anal expulsive personality or anal retentive personality

what type of fixation might occur if potty training is done too early/late?

anal expulsive

disorderly, messy, destructive, or cruel

anal retentive

organized

phallic

3rd psychosexual stage of development that occurs at 3 to 5 years old

phallic

latin for "penis"

phallic

psychosexual stage of development when kids become very curious

oedipus complex

conflict during phallic stage in which boys supposedly love their mothers romantically and want to eliminate their fathers as rivals

sigmund freud

believed women had penis envy

jung

came up with the "electra complex"

electra complex

gir's rejection of mom for dad

latency

4th psychosexual stage of development that occurs from 5 to 12 years old

latency

psychosexual stage of development where sexuality goes underground

latency

psychosexual stage of development where focus is more on turning libido energy into doing things (school activities)

genitial

5th psychosexual stage of development that occurs at 13+

genitial

psychosexual stage of development where the libido is more focused on others; become more sympathetic and empathetic

sigmund freud

used dream analysis, hypnosis, and free association

word

psychologists might jump start conversations by \________ association

word association

look for pattern, hidden meaning, unusual things

3

at what stage did freud say personality stopped?