Cumulative exam review

Name the functions of the pectoralis major and its innervation.

Adducts and medially rotates the humerus, clavicular head assists shoulder flex, sternal head assists with extension from flexed position
medial and lateral pectoral nerve

Patient is complaining of a tingly sensation on the dorsal side of his hand, hallway up his first four digits. Which nerve is associated with this?

Radial Nerve

Patient is complaining of a tingly sensation on the palmer and dorsal side of his 4th and 5th digits. Which nerve is associated with this?

Ulnar nerve

Patient is complaining of a tingly sensation on the palmer side of his hand, to his first four digits. Which nerve is associated with this?

Median nerve

This muscle has origin points at the superior nuchal line, external occipital protrudence, ligament nuchae, spinous process C7-T12, and inserts at the acromion and spine of scapula.

Trapezius

This muscle has three heads that originate at the infraglenoid tuberosity, superior to the radial groove, and inferior to the radial. groove, and inserts at the proximal end of the olecranon. What is the muscle and its three heads with corresponding origins?

Triceps brachii;
Long head: infraglenoid tuberosity
Lateral head: superior to the radial groove
Medial head: inferior to radial groove

This muscle has three origin points, lateral 3rd of the clavicle, acromion, and spine of the scap, and inserts at the deltoid tuberosity of the humerus. Also, what are the names of each head?

The deltoid;
Clavicular head (anterior)
Acromial head (middle/lateral)
Spinal head (posterior)

This muscle has two heads originating from the supra glenoid tuberosity and the coracoid process and inserts at the radial tuberosity, name the muscle and which head attaches where.

Biceps brachii;
long head- supraglenoid tuberosity
short head coracoid process

This muscle has two heads which originate the medial epicondyle and the coronoid process, and inserts in the middle of the lateral surface of the radius. What is the muscle and corresponding heads?

Pronator Teres;
Humeral head: medial epicondyle
Ulnar head: coronoid process

This muscle originates at ribs 1-8 and inserts at the anterior surface of the medial border of the scapula.

Serratus anterior

This muscle originates at the 3rd 4th and 5th rib and attaches to the med. superior portion of coracoid process.

pectoralis minor

This muscle originates at the lateral epicondyle and inserts at the lateral surface of the olecranon and superior part of posterior ulnar surface.

Anconeus

This muscle originates at the lateral epicondyle and inserts to the dorsal aspect of the base of the third metacarpal.

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

This muscle originates at the lateral epicondyle and inserts to the extensor expansion of the 5th digit.

Extensor Digiti minimi

This muscle originates at the lateral epicondyle and inserts to the extensor expansion of the medial 4 digits.

Extensor Digitorum

This muscle originates at the lateral epicondyle and posterior ulnar border and inserts to the dorsal aspect of the 5th metacarpal.

Extensor carpi ulnaris

This muscle originates at the lateral epicondyle, radial collateral & anular ligaments and inserts to the lateral, posterior, and anterior surface of the radius.

Supinator

This muscle originates at the lateral supracondular ridge and inserts proximally to the radius styloid process.

Brachioradialis

This muscle originates at the lateral supracondular ridge and inserts to the dorsal aspect of the base of the second metacarpal.

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

This muscle originates at the medial epicondyle & olecranon and posterior border of the ulna, and inserts at the pisiform, hook of hamate, and 5th metacarpal.

Flexor carpi ulnaris
Humeral: medial epicondyle
Ulnars: olecranon and posterior border

This muscle originates at the medial epicondyle and inserts at the base of the second metacarpal (and sometimes 3rd).

Flexor Carpi Radialis

This muscle originates at the medial epicondyle and inserts at the distal half of the flexor retinaculum.

Palmeris longus

This muscle originates at the medial epicondyle, coronoid process, and anterior surface of the radius, and inserts at the shafts of the middle 4 phalanges.

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Humeral head: medial epicondyle & coronoid process
Radial head: anterior surface

This muscle originates at the Posterior tubercles of C1-4 and inserts at the medial border of the scapula superior to spine.

Levator Scapulae

This muscle originates at the proximal 3/4 of medial and anterior surfaces of the ulna and inserts at the base of the distal phalanges.

Flexor Digitorum Profundis

This muscle originates at the Spinous processes of T6-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, and inferior 3 or 4 ribs, and inserts at the floor of the intertubecular sulcus.

Latissimus Dorsi

This muscle originates at the tip of the coracoid process and inserts on the medial surface of the humerus.

Coracobrachialis

This muscle originates from the distal, anterior surface of the humerus and attaches to the coronoid process and ulnar tuberosity.

Brachialis

This muscle originates from the infraspinous fossa and inserts at the middle facet of the greater tubercle.

Infraspinatus

This muscle originates from the posterior surface of the inferior angle of the scapula and inserts at the medial lip of the intertubecular sulcus (bicipital groove).

Teres major

This muscle originates from the subscapular fossa and inserts at the lesser tubercle.

Subscapularis

This muscle originates from the supraspinous fossa and inserts superiorly on the greater tubercle.

Supraspinatus

This muscle originates in the middle of the lateral border of the scapula and inserts to the inferior part of the greater tubercle.

Teres minor

This muscle originates on the distal anterior surface of the radius and inserts at the distal phalanx of the thumb.

Flexor Pollicis Longus

This muscle originates on the distal ulna and inserts at the distal radius.

Pronator quadratis

This muscle originates on the medial half of clavicle and on the sternum and attaches to the lateral lip of the intertubicular sulcus.

pectoralis major

This muscle originates on the posterior surface of the distal 3rd of the ulna and inserts to the extensor expansion of the second digit.

Extensor indicis

This muscle originates on the posterior surface of the radius and inserts to the dorsal aspect of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb.

Extensor Pollicis Brevis

This muscle originates on the posterior surface of the ulna and inserts to the dorsal aspect of the middle phalanx of the thumb.

Extensor Pollicis Longus

This muscle originates on the posterior surface of the ulna and radius and inserts to the base of the first metacarpal.

Abductor Pollicis Longus

This muscle originates on the spinous processes of C7 and T1, and inserts on the medial border of the scapula.

Rhomboid minor

This muscle originates on the spinous processes of T2 - T5, and inserts on the medial border of the scapula.

Rhomboid major

What are the functions of each head of the deltoid, and what is its innervation?

Clavicular: Flexes and medially rotates humerus
Acromial: Abducts the humerus
Spinal: extends and laterally rotates the arm
Axillary nerve

What are the functions of the latissimus dorsi and what is its innervation?

Extends, adducts, and medially rotates the humerus
Thoracodorsal

What are the functions of the levator scap, and what nerve innervates it?

Elevates the scap and inferiorly tilts glenoid fossa; Dorsal scapular nerve

What are the functions of the pectoralis minor? And what is its innervation?

pulls scapula anteriorly and inferiorly; medial nerve

What are the functions of the rhomboid major and what is the nerve that innervates it?

Retracts the scapula, rotates it to depress the glenoid cavity and fixes them to thoracic wall
Dorsal scapular nerve

What are the functions of the rhomboid minor and what nerve innervates it?

Retracts the scapula, rotates it to depress the glenoid cavity and fixes them to thoracic wall
Dorsal scapular nerve

What are the functions of the serratus anterior and what is its innervation?

Protraction of the scapula and holding it against the thoracic wall and rotates scapula
Long thoracic wall

What are the scapular movements?

elevation, depression, protraction, retraction, upward rotation, downward rotation

What is the function of the Abductor Pollicis Longus and what nerve innervates it?

Abducts and extends the thumb; radial nerve

What is the function of the Anconeus and what nerve innervates it?

Assists with elbow extension, stabilizes elbow, abducts ulna during pronation; Radial nerve

What is the function of the basilic vein?

drains blood from ulnar side

What is the function of the Biceps brachii and what nerve innervates it?

Supinates forearm (short head), flexes forearm, helps prevent ant. shldr dislocation (short head); musculocutaneous nerve

What is the function of the Brachialis and what nerve innervates it?

flexes forearm from all positions; Musculocutaneous nerve & Radial nerve

What is the function of the Brachioradialis and what nerve innervates it?

Forearm flexion at semipronated/neutral wrist; radial nerve

What is the function of the cephalic vein?

Drains blood from the radial side

What is the function of the Coracobrachialis and what nerve innervates it?

Assists with humeral flexion and adduction and resists anterior shoulder dislocation; Musculocutaneous nerve

What is the function of the Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis and what nerve innervates it?

Extends and Abducts wrist; Radial nerve

What is the function of the Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus and what nerve innervates it?

Extends and abducts wrist; radial nerve

What is the function of the Extensor Carpi Ulnaris and what nerve innervates it?

Extends & adducts hand at the wrist joint; Radial nerve

What is the function of the Extensor Digiti Minimi and what nerve innervates it?

Extends pinky (5th digit) at the metacarpophalangial interphalangeal joints; radial nerve

What is the function of the Extensor Digitorum and what nerve innervates it?

Extension at the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints; radial nerve

What is the function of the Extensor Indicis and what nerve innervates it?

Extends second digits and assists in wrist extension; Radial nerve

What is the function of the Extensor Pollicis Brevis and what nerve innervates it?

Extends proximal phalanx at metacarpophalangeal and carpometacarpal joints; radial nerve

What is the function of the Extensor Pollicis Longus and what nerve innervates it?

Extends distal phalanx at the metacarpophalangeal and carpometacarpal joints; radial nerve

What is the function of the Flexor Carpi Radialis and what nerve innervates it?

Flexes the wrist and abducts (radially deviates) hand; Median nerve

What is the function of the Flexor carpi ulnaris and what nerve innervates it?

Flexes the wrist & adducts (ulnar deviates) the hand; Ulnar nerve

What is the function of the Flexor Digitorum Profundus and what nerve innervates it?

Flexes distal phalanges; Ulnar and median nerve

What is the function of the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis and what nerve innervates it?

Flexes middle phalanges at their joints, pulls fingers and wrist; Median nerve

What is the function of the Flexor Pollicis Longus and what nerve innervates it?

Flexes the thumb; median nerve

What is the function of the Infraspinatus and what nerve innervates it?

External (lateral) rotation and assists abduction by pulling humoral head down from acromion; suprascapular nerve

What is the function of the Palmaris Longus and what nerve innervates it?

It is a weak wrist flexor and tenses palmer aponeurosis; Median Nerve

What is the function of the Pronator Quadratis and what nerve innervates it?

Pronates the forearm and binds the radius and ulna; median nerve

What is the function of the Pronator Teres and what nerve innervates it?

forearm flexion (humeral head), forearm pronation (ulnar head); median nerve

What is the function of the subscapularis and what nerve innervates it?

Internal (medial) rotation and keeps humerus in the glenoid fossa; Upper and lower subscapular nerve

What is the function of the Supinator and what nerve innervates it?

Supinates the forearm; Radial nerve

What is the function of the Supraspinatus and what nerve innervates it?

It initiates shoulder abduction and assists with rotation but has no rotational direction; Suprascapular nerve

What is the function of the Teres major and what nerve innervates it?

Adduction and internal rotation; lower subscapular nerve

What is the function of the Teres minor and what nerve innervates it?

External (lateral) rotation; Axillary nerve

What is the function of the Tricep brachii and what nerve innervates it?

Prime forearm extensor, assists with adduction, prevents posterior dislocation; Radial nerve

What is the scapular function of the trapezius?

Elevation, retraction, upward rotation of the scapula, scapular depression

What nerve innervates the trapezius?

Spinal accessory cranial XI nerve

Which muscles make up the rotator cuff?

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

Which nerve innervates the hypothenar compartment?

Ulnar Nerve

While examining a patient, you notice they have winging of their right scapula. What is this indicative of, and what is the muscle associated with it.

This is indicative of damage to the long thoracic nerve, which innervates the serratus anterior, which is the muscle responsible for keeping the scapula in place.

This muscle originates on the superior rami of the pubis and inserts on the pectineal line of the femur, inferior to lesser trochanter.

Pectineus

What is the function and innervation of the pectineus?

adducts and flexes thigh; Femoral nerve

This muscle originates on the transverse processes of vertebrae T12-L5 and inserts on the lesser trochanter of the femur.

Psoas Major

What is the function and innervation of the Psoas Major?

Strong hip flexor, laterally flexes vertebral column and balances trunk; Anterior rami of lumbar nerves L1,2,3

This muscle originates at T12 and L1 vertebral bodies and inserts on the iliopubic eminence.

Psoas minor

What is the function and innervation of the Psoas minor?

Weak trunk flexor; Anterior Rami of L1,2,3

This muscle originates on the iliac fossa, sacral wing, and anterior SI ligament and inserts on the lesser trochanter and shaft inferior to it.

Iliacus

What is the function and innervation of the iliacus?

Hip flexor and stabilizer; Femoral nerve

This muscle originates on the anterior superior iliac spine and inserts on the Pes Anserinus.

Sartorius

What is the function and innervation of the Sartorius?

Flexes, abducts and externally rotates the hip, internally rotates when knee is flexed; Femoral nerve

Which Quadricep muscle is a two joint muscle?

Rectus Femoris

This muscle originates on the anterior inferior iliac spine and inserts at the common patellar tendon.

Rectus femoris

What is the function and innervation of the Rectus femoris?

knee extension, hip flexion, hip stabilization; Femoral nerve

This muscle originates on the greater trochanter and lateral lip of the linea aspera and inserts on the common patellar tendon.

Vastus lateralis