Gen Bio Final

The ______ is the structural and functional unit of life
a. Cell
b. DNA
c. RNA
d. Protein

a

Which statement about the properties of life is TRUE?
a. Organisms do not have the ability to process energy
b. organisms have the inability to reproduce
c. organisms have disorder
d. organisms have the ability to respond to the environment

d

Which correct order of hierarchal levels of living systems?
a. cell, organelle, organs, ecosystem, population
b. species, community, population, ecosystem, biosphere
c. cell, tissue, organ, organism, population
d. cell, molecule, population, ecosystem, biosphere

c

Which of the following is a group within the domain Eukarya?
a. archaea
b. protist
c. bacteria

b

Which of the following is not a Domain of life?
a. Fungi
b. Bacteria
c. Eukarya
d. Archaea

a

What is a hypothesis?
a. a fact
b. the same as a theory
c. a possible explanation for the observation
d. an untestable idea

c

To be scientifically valid, a hypothesis must be
a. testable
b. part of theory
c. controlled
d. resonable

a

In a experiment, the factor that we manipulate is called the
a. dependent variable
b. independent variable
c. conclusion
d. controlled variable

b

Which statement about DNA and genetics is false?
a. DNA is made up of four different nucleotides, ATCG
b. DNA is responsible for heredity and programming cellular activities
c. DNA serves as the blueprint for proteins
d. Genetic information flows from RNA to DNA to Protein

d

In an ecosystem, energy
a. typically flows from consumers to producers to decomposers
b. cycles along with chemical nutrients
c. typically flows from produces to consumers to decomposers
d. comes ultimately

c

The four most common elements in living organisms are
a. C, N, O, Na
b. C, H, O, Fe
c. C, H, O, N
d. C, H, O, Na

c

Which statement is false regarding the structure of atoms?
a. an electron is a subatomic particles with a negative charge
b. if an atom gains an electron, it will also gain a proton
c. Atom consist of protons, neutrons and electrons
d. If an atom loses an electron, the number of protons will remain the same

b

Which of the following particles are found in the nucleus of an atom?
a. protons and neutrons
b. protons and electrons
c. neutrons, electrons, and protons
d. neutrons and electrons

a

In the equation 2 H2+ O2 = 2H2O
a. only H2O is a compound
b. H2, O2, and H2O are all compounds
c. H2, O2, and H2O are all elements
d. only H2 and O2 are compounds

a

What is the atomic mass of an atom that has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons?
a. 8
b. 18
c. 12
d. 6

c

An atom of boron has an atomic number of 5 and an atomic mass of 11. How many electrons does boron have?
a. 15
b. 2
c. 11
d. 5

d

If an atom has an atomic number of 5. It will have _____ electron shells, ______ electrons in its outer valence shell, and able to participate in ______ bonds.
a. 2;3;3
b. 2;2;2
c. 2;1;2
d. 1;3;3

a

What is the fundamental difference between covalent and ionic bonding?
a. In a covalent bond, the partners share a pair of electrons; in an ionic bond, one partner accepts electron from the other
b. Covalent bonding involves only the outermost electron shell; ionic bonding also involves the next electron shell inside the outermost shell
c. Covalent bonds from between atoms of the same element; ionic bonds form between atoms of different elements
d. In covalent bonding, both partners end up with filled outer electron shells; in ionic bonding, one partner does and the other does not.

a

Let's talk about water. In one water molecule there are ____ bonds, whereas in a cup of water, there are many molecules are held together by ______ bonds.
a. hydrogen; polar covalent
b. polar covalent; destroyed
c. polar covalent; hydrogen
d. ionic; covalent

d

In the equation 2 H2+O2 = 2 H2O, the H2 molecules are ____ and the H2O molecules are _____.
a. used; stored
b. created; destroyed
c. products; reactants
d. reactants; products

d

Which of the following statement about pH is true?
a. The pH scale measures oxygen ion concentration
b. If a solution has high free hydrogen ions, the solution is acidic on pH scale.
c. Milk is acidic
d. Neutral pH level is 14

b

Which element is the basis of organic life?
a. nitrogen
b. carbon
c. calcium
d. oxygen

b

Which of the following contains an amino group?
a. sugar
b. fat
c. amino acid
d. glucose

c

_____ reaction bonds monomers together while ____ breaks bonds between monomers.
a. dehydration, dehydration
b. dehydration, hydrolysis
c. hydrolysis, hydrolysis
d. hydrolysis, dehydration

b

What is the general function of enzymes within a cell?
a. to promote the synthesis of monomers
b. to stop chemical reactions
c. to induce chemical reactions
d. to speed up chemical reactions

d

Which is the molecular formula for a monosaccharide?
a. CH3O
b. CHO2
c. CHO
d. CH2O

d

In animals, carbohydrates serves primarily as
a. insulation
b. energy
c. enzymes
d. storage

b

Which of the following is not a monomer/ polymer pairing?
a. amino acid/ protein
b. nucleotide/ DNA
c. monosaccharide/polysaccharide
d. glucose/ phospholipid bilayer

d

A disaccharide forms when
a. two starches join by dehydration reactions
b. two starches join by hydrolysis
c. two monosaccharides join by hydrolysis
d. two monosaccharides join by dehydration reactions

d

Which of the following lists contain only polysaccharides?
a. cellulose, starch, and glycogen
b. sucrose, starch, and cellulose
c. fructose, cellulose, glycogen
d. starch, amino acids, and glycogen

a

The storage form of carbohydrates is _____ in animals and ____ in plants.
a. glycogen; cellulose
b. glycogen; starch
c. cellulose, glycogen
d. starch; glycogen

b

Which of the following two molecules make up the structure of a triglyceride
a. one glycerol and three fatty acids
b. two fatty acids
c. one glycerol and one fatty acid
d. one glycerol and two fatty acids

b

Lipids are _____
a. hydrophobic
b. water loving
c. hydrophilic
d. soluble

a

Which of the following is FALSE regarding fatty acids
a. saturated fatty acids do not contain double bonds
b. unsaturated fatty acids do not contain double bonds
c. fatty acids are a part the phospholipid structure
d. saturated fatty acids contain double bonds

b

A major type of lipid found in cell membrane is
a. glycerol
b. unsaturated fats
c. saturated fats
d. phospholipids

d

A phospholipid is composed of
a. one fatty acid molecule linked to one glycerol molecule and two phosphate groups
b. one fatty acid molecule linked to three glycerol molecules
c. one glycerol molecule linked to three phosphate groups
d. one glycerol molecule linked to one phosphate group and two fatty acids

d

Which of the following substances is made of lipids?
a. cellulose
b. DNA
c. steroids
d. enzymes

c

Proteins differ from one another because
a. the peptide bonds linking amino acids differ from protein to protein
b. the number of nucleotides found in each protein varies from molecule to molecule
c. each protein contains its own unique sequence of sugar molecules
d. the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain differs from protein to protein

d

Amino acids can be distinguished from one another by
a. the chemical properties of their amino and carboxyl groups
b. the number of R groups found on the amino acid molecules
c. the type of bond between the R group and the rest of the amino acid molecule
d. the chemical properties of their R groups

d

Peptide bonds
a. form between fatty acids
b. are formed by a hydrolysis reactions
c. link amino acids
d. are used to form amino acids

c

if you change the structure of a protein by ____ or unfolding, it will lose its function.
a. denaturation
b. folding
c. twisting
d. acids

a

Which of the following is not a monomer/polymer pairing?
a. glucose/chitin
b. monosaccharide/ polyaccharide
c. amino acid/protein
d. glucose/ phospholipid bilayer

d

in the plasma membrane, the phospholipid heads
a. are hydrophilic and face outside the bilayer, toward the aqueous solution
b. are hydrophobic and face outside the bilayer, toward the aqueous solution
c. are hydrophobic and face inside the bilayer, shielded from water
d. are hydrophilic and face inside the bilayer, shielded from water

a

which of the following structures would not find in a prokaryotic cell?
a. plasma membrane
b. nucleus
c. ribosomes
d. cell wall

b

_______ cells lack a membrane enclosed nucleus
a. plant
b. fungus
c. prokaryotic
d. eukaryotic

c

a bacterial cell's DNA is found in its
a. capsule
b. nucleoid
c. nucleus
d. ribsomes

b

the membrane compartmentalization (or the presence of organelles) of a cell
a. requires the presence of a cell wall
b. is common to both prokaryotes and eukaryotes
c. divides the cell into two equal-sized halves
d. allows different chemical conditions to be maintained in different parts of the cell

d

You are told that the cells on a microscope slide could be plant, animal, or bacterial. You look at them through a microscope and see that the cell has membrane-bound organelles, such as a nucleus. You conclude correctly that the cells
a. are plant cells
b. are bacterial cells
c. are animal cells
d. could be plant or animal cells

d

the nucleus of a cell
a. is contained within the nucleolus
b. is location of protein synthesis
c. is surrounded by a double layer of membrane called the nuclear envelope
d. contains no DNA

c

when DNA is relaxed, It is called
a. a ribosome
b. a lysosome
c. a nucleolus
d. chromatin

d

small holes in the nuclear membrane are called nuclear
a. channels
b. pores
c. transporters
d. enzymes

b

to make a protein, mRNA is requires. Therefore mRNA
a. must be made by the ribosomes
b. carries the message to the nucleus to synthesis new DNA during cell division
c. is translated by the ribosomes to make a protein
d. is made in the mitochondria

c

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
a. stores calcium
b. helps with protein synthesis
c. synthesizes secretory proteins
d. is the major site of ATP synthesis

a

the main function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum is the
a. relieving of proteins
b. steroid hormones secreted by the cell
c. ribosomes and steroid by hormones
d. mitochondria and proteins secreted by the cell

a

the Golgi apparatus
a. is the site of carbohydrate breakdown
b. is composed of stacks of membranous vesicles
c. strings together amino acids to produce proteins
d. stores, modifies, and packages proteins

d

which of the following statements about lysosomes is FALSE?
a. lysosomes destroy harmful bacteria
b. lysosomes fuse with foos vacuoles to digest compounds
c. lysosomes synthesize protein
d. lysosome help to break down damaged organelles

c

which type of type structure is found in plant cells but not in animal cells
a. chloroplast
b. cell wall
c. central vacuole
d. A,B, and C

d

Which organelle is involved in the detoxification of alcohol?
a. smooth ER
b. Golgi apparatus
c. ribosomes
d. peroxisome

d

the function of mitochondria is
a. lipid synthesis
b. photosynthesis
c. ATP synthesis
intracellular digestion

c

The _________ of mitochondria are folds of matrix where enzymes for ATP synths are located
a. matrix
b. stroma
c. cristae
d. intermembrane space

c

the function of chloroplast is
a. lipid synthesis
b. photosynthesis
c. intracellular digestion
d. cellular respiration

b

The stroma is the
a. space between the inner and outer membrane of a chloroplast
b. space between the inner and outer membrane of a mitochondrion
c. thick fluid inside a chloroplast
d. watery fluid that surrounds the mitochondria

c

which of the following statements about the cytoskeleton is false?
a. the cytoskeleton help support cells
b. the cytoskeleton is composed of three types of fibers: microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments
c. the cytoskeleton plays an important role in the cell movement
d. theyctoskeleton is composed pf DNA

d

Which of the following incorrectly pairs the cell structure with its function?
a. mitochondria- ATP synthesis
b. microfilaments-muscle contraction
c. ribosomes-protein synthesis
d. lysosome-transport

d

Most animals cell
a. have flagella
b. have the same shape
c. are surrounded by a cell wall
d. are attached to each other by an extracellular matrix, an outside skeleton

d

Which statement about the cell membrane is TRUE?
a. the inner region of the membrane bilayer is hydrophobic
b. it prevents all molecules from entering and leaving the cell
c. it is not involved in endocytosis or exocytosis
d. it is composed of only phospholipids

a

Most of the functions of a cell membrane ( transport across the membrane) are preformed by
a. phospholipids
b. glycolipids
c. proteins
d. cholesterol

c

Plasma membranes are selectively permeable. This means that
a. the plasma membrane controls the substances that can enter and leave a cell
b. anything can pass into or out of a cell
c. glucose cannot enter the cell
d. plasma membranes must be very thick

a

This type of transport across the membrane doesn't require energy
a. exocytosis
b. endocytosis
c. active transport
d. passive transport

d

________ is the tendency of the particle to cross a membrane from an area of high concentration to low
a. active transport
b. diffusion
c. endocytosis
d. passive transport

b

Osmosis can be defined as
a. active transport
b. the diffusion of an solute
c. the diffusion of water
d. the diffusion of non polar molecules

c

In a hypotonic solution, an animal cell wall
a. shrivel bc of an outflow of water
b. wilt bc of an outflow of water
c. swell bc of an inflow of water
d. neither gain nor lose water

c

Oxygen gas crosses a plasma membrane by
a. endocytosis
b. active transport
c. passive transport
d. osmosis

c

which of the following molecules would not be a to diffuse across the phospholipid bilayer without facilitation
a. O2 gas
b. Na+
c. hydrophobic molecules
d. small molecules

b

which of the following statements correctly compared facilitate diffusion and active transport
a. facilitate diffusion moves substances down their concentration gradient and active transport moves substance against their concentration gradient
b. facilitated diffusion doesn't require energy and active transportation doesn't require energy
c. facilitated diffusion uses proteins and active transport does not
d. A and B only

d

Cells bring in bulk amounts of molecules by
a. active transport
b. endocytosis
c. diffusion
d. exocytosis

b

Kinetic energy differs from chemical energy in that
a. chemical energy is a type of kinetic energy
b. kinetic energy is the energy of motion, whereas chemical energy is the potential energy locked inside structure of the molecules
c. kinetic energy can be converted into various forms of energy, whereas chemical energy can only be converted onto heat
d. kinetic energy is stored energy that has the potential to do work, and chemical energy is the energy of movement

b

Which of the following processes is endergonic?
a. the synthesis pf polymer
b. the breakdown of glucose
c. digestion of foos
d. breaking bonds

a

Entropy os another word for
a. order
b. energy
c. disorder
d. movement

c

which of the following statements if FALSE
a. food is potential energy
b. ATP is potential energy
c. energy can be created and destroyed
d. walking creates thermal energy

c

which of the following statements about ATP is FALSE?
a. it is used to power cellular work
b. made in the mitochondria
c. it releases energy when two phosphate regroups are cleaved off
d. it contains 3 phosphate groups

c

To speed up a reaction, an enzyme catalyzes a reaction by
a. being used once and discarded
b. acting as a reactant
c. lowering the activation energy of the reaction
d. raising the activation energy of the reaction

c

Which of the following statements regarding photosynthesis and cellular respiration is TRUE?
a. photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts, and cellular respiration in mitochondria
b. cellular respiration occurs in mitochondria and in chloroplasts
c. photosynthesis occurs in mitochondria and in chloroplasts
d. photosynthesis occurs in mitochondria, and cellular respiration occurs in chloroplasts

a

the conversion of CO2 and H2O using energy from light is called
a. cellular respiration
b. fermentation
c. glycolysis
d. photosynthesis

d

the products of photosynthesis include
a. carbon
b. ATP
c. glucose
d. NADH

c

respiration _____ at the nose, and cellular respiration ______ in the cell
a. is a gas exchange; produces ATP
b. uses glucose; produces glucose
c. produces glucose; produces oxygen
d. produces ATP; is gas exchange

a

during cellular respiration, energy in glucose
a. is released all at once
b. becomes stores in molecules of ammonia
c. is carried by electrons
d. is used to manufacture glucose

c

Which of the following statements about ATP is TRUE
a. it contains five phosphate groups
b. it contains sugar glucose
c. it relates energy when one phosphate group leaves ATP
d. extremely stable bonds link the second and third phosphate groups

c

regarding ATP, which of the following is FALSE?
a. ATP dehydration releases energy
b. it powers work
c. it is renewable
d. has 3 phosphates

a

Which of the following is the correct order of the main stages of cellular respiration?
a. citric acid cycle, glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation
b. glycolysis, citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation
c. oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis, citric acid cycle
d. citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis

b

What type of energy is made by cellular respiration?
a. carbon dioxide
b. ATP
c. oxygen
d. glucose

b

Which of the following are products of cellular respiration?
a. oxygen and energy to make ATP
b. oxygen and glucose
c. oxygen and carbon dioxide only
d. ATP, carbon dioxide, water, and heat

d

oxidation is the _____, and reduction is the ________.
a. gain of protons; loss of protons
b. gain of electrons; loss of electrons
c. loss of electrons; gain of electrons
d. gain of oxygen; loss of oxygen

c

During redox reactions that break down glucose,
a. electrons are lost from glucose and picked up by NAD and FAD
b. the loss of electrons from one molecule is called reduction
c. protons from on molecule replace the electrons lost from another molecules

a

During cellular respiration, NADH, an electron carrier,
a. is reduced to form NAD+
b. delivers its electrons to the electron transport chain
c. is the final electron acceptor
d. is chemical converted into ATP

b

when electron carrier NAD picks up electrons and is converted to NADH, it is _____
a. reduced
b. dehydrated
c. oxidized
d. phosphorylated

a

Which of the following is a product of glycolysis?
a. CO2
b. loss of ATP
c. pyruvate
d. conversion of NADH to NAD

a

which of the following statement regarding glycolysis is TRUE?
a. it doesn't require oxygen
b. it occurs in the cytosol
c. it occurs in the mitochondria
d. it yields the bulk of ATP

a

During which of the following steps of cellular respiration makes ATP using substrate-love; phosphorylation ( the renewal of ATP)
a. the citric acid cycle only (step3)
b. glycolysis and the citric acid cycle (steps 1&3)
a. glycolysis only (step1)
d. oxidative phosphorylation (step4)

b

after glycolysis (step1) but before the citric acid cycle (step3)
a. carbon is added to pyruvate
b. pyruvate is oxidized
c. glucose is split, producing 2 pyruvate
d. coenzyme A Is cleaved off pyruvate

b