africa

Who can get Nagana?

Animals

Tsetse Fly

What is Nagana and Sleeping Sickness carried by?

The tsetse fly injects parasites into the bloodstream through a bite

How does someone catch Nagana?

- fatal to cattle, horses, and goats
- limits the quality of meat

What are some effects Nagana has?

Savannah

Where is Nagana mostly found?

Humans

Who can get Sleeping Sickness?

- begins with fever
- swelling of lymph nodes
- disease spreads to brain and spinal cord which causes them to sleep

What are the symptoms of Sleeping Sickness?

no, but can also be undiagnosed

Are most deaths from sleeping sickness reported?

Melarsopol

what drug was used to cure sleeping sickness?

arsenic and anti-freeze
5%

what is in melarsoprol and what percent is killed from using it?

early treatments can help but still deadly
100% fatal, if not treated

Is sleeping sickness curable and if not treated what percent of people will die?

DMFO

what is another cure for sleeping sickness?

- very expensive ($600/ patient)
- company no longer makes it (available in the western world and is in face cream)

why was DMFO not used more?

cancer

what was DMFO originally meant to cure?

Democratic Republic of the Congo

over the last 10 years where has 70% of reported cases of sleeping sickness been?

- burn woodlands
- insecticides
- donations of drug companies

what are solutions to getting rid of nagana, sleeping sickness, and river blindness?

black fly carries a parasitic worm

who carries river blindness and what does it carry?

it lays eggs in human skin

how does someone get river blindness?

- rashes under the skin
- severe itching
- eventually reaches the eye and causes blindness

what are symptoms of river blindness?

river blindness

what is one of the most common diseases in Africa?

mosquito

what carries malaria?

- fever
- headaches
- vomiting
- lethargy

what are symptoms of malaria?

- yellow skin
- coma
- death

what are symptoms of malaria in a more severe case?

Near the Ebola River in Democratic Republic of Congo in 1976

where and when was Ebola discovered?

98% effective

how effective was the new vaccine to help Ebola?

Ebola Global Health Emergency

- began over a year ago
- 2nd largest in history
- 31,000 cases diagnosed
- 21,000 deaths

- fever
- bad stomach pains
- vomiting
- internal bleeding
- skin erupts in bruises
- large blisters
- some cases blood pours from nose and eyes

what are symptoms of Ebola?

they must be handled by train people with protective gear because the bodies are highly contagious

how are patients or corpses dealt with when infected with Ebola and why?

Quarantine

originally, what was the only treatment of Ebola?

- 1st cases in a remote region w/ limited health care
- violent area (ethnically) so hard for health care workers to come
- patients afraid of isolation
- didn't want authorities to interfere with burial rituals

why was Ebola so hard to control at first?

they murdered healthcare workers and burned Ebola treatment centers which forest age groups to suspend work

what did people who were against Ebola due to health care workers, and Ebola treatment centers?

A visiting pastor preached in seven different churches in the epidemic zone. He became ill and was treated by a nurse, but still went on a bus to Goma anyways. He gave different names and maneuvered around the guidelines. he infected so many people.

what was the story of how Ebola spread to Goma?

despite having a cure many people still don't trust health officials, and will not take the treatment

why is Ebola still an issue in Africa?

bats

what animal carries Ebola?

apes, monkeys, and humans

what species are at risk of Ebola?

it spreads to direct contact with bodily fluids of an infected person

how is Ebola spread?

Sierra Leone
Liberia
Guinea

what are the three countries with the biggest Ebola outbreak?

1) industrial revolution (source for raw materials and markets for finished goods)
2) European nationalism
3) missionary activity
4) military and naval bases
5) places to dump unwanted/access people
6) social and economic opportunities
7) sea route to Asia (to get salt)
8) European racism

what are the 8 European motives for colonization?

Diaz: rounded tip of Africa
Da Gama: made it to India

Who were the two European explorers in Africa and what are they known for?

- Gold
- Ivory
- Skins
- Food
- Slaves

what are the major trade items that come from Africa?

- Tobacco
- Alcohol
- Cloth
- Guns/ Ammunition

what are the major trade items that come from western Europeans?

Limit trade to the coast

- Gave them control of the amount of trade
- Collected taxes
- Keep profits for themselves
Played countries against each other

how did Africa respond to trade with western Europeans and how did this benefit African leaders?

- Local Leaders
- Keep Traditions
- Collect taxes

what was the type of colonial rule Britain had on African colonies and what was it like?

- Controlled government at all levels
- Formal chain of command
- Assimilation Policy (becoming French in customs and beliefs)
- They became French Citizens/ became part of France

what was the type of colonial rule the French had on African colonies and what was it like?

Boers

what were dutch farmers called?

They settled the Cape colony to make money by selling supplies to ships on their way to India

where did the Dutch East India Company settle and how did they make money?

Afrikaan

a language that is a mix of french and african words

they believed Europeans were superior over Africans, slavery should exist, and were anti-catholic.

What did the dutch reformed church believe?

diamonds and gold

what was discovered in Cape colony?

The British interfered
- Made English the official language
- Abolished slavery
- Limited Boer Land so the Boers left

Who interfered with the Boers and how did they interfere?

boers set up and headed north away from the Cape colony to preserve their way of life

what happened during The Great Trek

Transval and Orange Free State

What was the new land the boers settled on?

Zulus
They fought over land

Who did the Boers fight and what did they fight over?

the boers won because the zulus could not win with spears

Who won the boers or the Zulus and why?

1899 - 1900
Boers vs. British

when was the Boer war and who was involved?

Cecil Rhodes

Who was:
- Manifest Destiny: he wanted all of Africa
- Capetown to Cairo: wanted to build a railway across Africa
- He was the British Prime Minister of Africa

Boers became part of British colonies to form union of South Africa

What was the result of the Boer war?

The set up a racist society because the British allowed them to stay

What kind of society did the Boers set up in South Africa and why were they successful?

British

Who made the first concentration camp?

Boers were
put into the concentration camps and forced to mine for gold and diamonds

Who were put in the concentration camps and what were they forced to do?

punished "lazy" workers

what did King Leopold II do?

- cut off hands
- whip them
- killed them

how did king Leopold II punish "lazy" workers?

genocide

the deliberate killing of a large group of people, especially those of a particular ethnic group or nation.

Belgium

who was the congo a colony of?

5-8 million (50% of the population)

how many victims were there during the Belgian Congo?

rubber

What were the victims killed for during the Belgian Congo?

after colonizers leave, civil wars often occur, because they did not set up a stable government that was supported by the people

how did colonizers destroy Africa?

- wars between kingdoms
- families torn apart
- depopulation
- art and technology suffered
- false impression of Africans throughout the world
- slavery still exists

what are the consequences of the slave trade?

they viewed them as criminals and sold them for money and fire arms

why were Africans willing to sell other African as slaves?

The continent lost both their population and protection. Africa was at risk for wars and attacks. Their economy collapsed.

How did the slave trade impact Africa?

more than 10 million

How many Africans were brought over during the Atlantic slave trade?

firearms

What were slaves traded for during the Atlantic slave trade?

slavery

someone who is forced to work without pay, under the threat of mental and physical abuse and violence, they're unable to walk away

ex) human trafficking

what is an example of modern day slavery?

Asia and Africa

where are the majority of modern-day slaves from?

Mauritania

What was the last country to abolish slavery?

human trafficking

The illegal movement of people, typically, for the purposes of forced labor/sexual exploitation

- UK
- Netherlands
- US

what countries took the most action against slavery?

- North Korea
- Eritrea
- Libya

What countries took the least amount of action against slavery?

- forced beggers (Senegal)
- shrine slavery (west africa)
- forced mining (Africa, Europe, Latin America and Asia)
- child soldiers (africa)
- chocolate slavery (ivory coast)

what are types of child exploitation and what country are they seen in?

in 1948 the national party implemented segregationist laws, known as apartheid

what was apartheid?

South Africa

Where was apartheid

non-whites (mostly black south africans) and whites

Who did apartheid separate?

where they could:
- live
- eat
- work
- travel

they could not vote or participate in the government

What did apartheid restrict non-white people from doing in South Africa?

Bantu Authorities Act

Created homelands for black South Africans

Bantustans

artificially created reservations for natives to live in

1) it was a poor quality of land, and it was unfit for the large population forced to live there
2) South Africans were unable to leave their bantustan without a passport

what were two problems with bantustans?

ANC (African National Congress)

What was the group called that begin to fight apartheid?

The South African government declared a NC illegal and members were often arrested

how did apartheid react to the ANC?

Sudan

What is the largest country in Africa?

it's mostly desert with limited rainfall

what is Sudan's land like?

1956
From British

When did Sudan receive independence? And who did they receive it from?

Arab Muslims

what group lived in north Sudan?

Black Christians

what group lived in South Sudan?

Black Muslims

what group lived in Darfur?

The thought over oil and Islamic laws that were imposed on the country (2 civil wars)

What was Sudan's Civil War over?

North and south

How was Sudan split during their Civil War in 1983 to 2005?

27,000

How many lost boys were there in South Sudan

they were boys between the ages of 13 to 18 who were displaced and orphaned. They left their villages because they were afraid of being murdered like their families.

Who were the lost boys?

many walked to Ethiopia, back to Sudan, and then to Kenya

Where did many lost boys walk to?