206 Bones test (copy)

Facial Bones

provides an attachment point for facial muscles

Cranial Bones

provides a protective enclosure for the brain

Sutures

immovable joints; where two bones meet

Frontal Bone

forms the forehead

Parietal Bones

connects to frontal structure and forms lateral and superior regions of the cranium

Temporal Bones

inferior to parietal bones

External Auditory Meatus

bone marking in external part of ear canal

Styloid Process

bone marking inferior to temporal bones where tiny neck muscles attach

Zygomatic Process

tiny bridge of bone that joins cheekbone anteriorly

Mastoid Process

bone marking that contains many sinuses

Jugular Foramen

large opening in bone that alows for passage of jugular vein

Occipital Bone

most posterior cranial bone

Foramen Magnum

large opening where spinal cord and brain connect

Occipital Condyles

projections of occipital bone

Sphenoid Bone

butterfly shaped bone that spans the width of the cranial floor

Sella Turcica

depression within sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland rests

Foramen Ovale

large opening in sphenoid floor that allows passage of the cranial V nerve to connect chewing muscles of the lower jaw

Sphenoid Sinuses

tiny holes in the sphenoid bone

Ethmoid Bone

forms part of lateral eye orbit

Crista Galli

tiny projection of ethmoid bone where the outer covering of the brain attaches

Cribriform Plates

many tiny holes that allow passage of olfactory nerves to the brain

Maxillae

fuses bones forming the upper jaw

Keystone Bone

where all other bones of face attach

Paranasal Sinuses

ethmoid, maxillary, frontal, and sphenoid sinuses

Purpose of paranasal sinuses

lightens skull bones and amplifies voice when speaking

Sinusitis

occurs when mucous membrains in our sinsuses become affected

Palatine Bones

forms posterior portion of the hard palate

Cleft Palate

occurs when maxillae and palatine bones fail to fuse at birth

Zygomatic Bones

forms cheekbones

Lacrimal Bones

forms lateral part of eye sockets

Nasal Bones

forms bridge of the nose

Vomer Bone

forms majority of nasal septum

Inferior Conchae

curved bones that extend from the later part of the nasal cavity

Mandible

hardest facial bone tha forms lower jaw and chin

Hyoid Bone

not directly attached to any other bone, 1-2 cm above larynx, attached to styloid process by ligaments

Function of hyoid bone

attachment point of speaking muscles , swallowing muscles, and tongue

Infant Skull

cranium much larger compared to face and bones of skull have not fused together yet

Fontanelles

fibrous membranes connecting skull bones that are doft spots on a baby's head

Function of fontanelles

during brith, make skull more flexible

Function of Vertebral column

supports head and upper body

Function of Vertabral column before birth

they fuse the sacrum and coccyx

Cervicle Vertebrae

C1-7; top vertebrae

Atlas(C1)

first vertebrae, attaches to occipital, helps nod yes

Axis(C2)

pivot for atlas, helps rotate no

Typical Vertebrae(C3-7)

Bottom vertebrae of cervicle vertebrae

Thoracic Vertebrae

vertebrae that is posterior attachment for ribs

Lumbar Vertabrae

vertebrae that experience most stress

Odontoid Process

large upright projection that allows roration of head

Sacrum

5 vertebrae fused, forms posterior wall of pelvis

Alae

wings that articulate laterally with the pelvic girdle

Median Sacral Crest

rougheend surface on dorsal midline

Sacral Canal

where vertebral canal continues inside the sacrum

Coccyx

4 fused vertebrae called the "tailbone"

Intervertebral Discs

fibrocartilage made of 90% water that cushion vertebrae and absorb shock

Effects of disc shape

The discs and S-shaped curvature help prevent shock to the head

Primary Curvatures

curvatures present at birth inculding thoracic and sacral curves

Secondary Curvatures

includes cervical and lumbar curves, develop later on

Spinal Curvature Disorders

lordosis, kyphosis, scoliosis

Scoliosis

lateral exaggeration of vertebral column

Lordosis

exaggeration of the lumbar curvature

Kyphosis

exaggerated thoracic curvature (hunchback)

Sternum

breastbone, made up of three parts

manubrium, body, xyphoid process

3 Parts of the Sternum

Importance of the location of the sternum

used for sterral puncture, used to detect, passive blood diseases, close to body surface

Ribs

forms the rib cage, connects to sternum anteriorly and thoracic vertebrae posteriorly

true ribs

first 7 ribs

false ribs

next 5 ribs

floating ribs

last 2 ribs

Shoulder Girdle

consists of the clavicle and scapulae

Clavicle

acts as brace to hold arm away from thorax, helps prevent shoulder dislocation

Scapulae

triangular shaped bones that contain acromion and are held loosely in place by trunk muscles

Reasons that shoulder girdle allows free movement of the upper limbs

attached to axial skeleton at one point, poorly reinforced by ligaments, the shallowness of the glenoid fossa

Arm

formed by the humerus, has a rounded head at the proximal end that fits into the glenoid cavity of the scapulae

Greater and Lesser tubercles(distal end)

two bony projections that are the sites of muscle attachment

Deltoid Tuberosity(midpoint)

where fleshy deltoid muscles attaches

Medial Trochlea and Lateral Capitulum(distal end)

projections that articulate with the forearm bones

Coronoid Fossa and Olecranon Fossa(distal end)

allows processes of the ulna to move freely when arm is bent

Forearm

made up of radius and ulna

Radial Tuberosity

projections of bone on the radius where bicep muscle attaches

Hand

made up of carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges

Carpals

8 short bones(cube shaped), arranged in two irregular rows, held in place by ligaments

Metacarpals

5 long bones makinh up palm of hand

Phalanges

14 on each hand, 3 in each toe except 2 in the big toe

Acromion

enlarged end of the spine of the scapula

Coracoid

beaklike anchors some muscles of the arm

3 Bones of the Pelvic Girdle

ilium, ischium, pubis

Functions of Pelvic Girdle

protection and supports upper body

Coxal Bones

fused together to form the pelvis, composed of 3 irregular bones

Illium

most superior part of coxal bone

Sacroilliac Joint

formed between illium and sacrum

Illiac Crest

thin ridge of bone on top of illium

Ischium

most inferior part of the pelvic girdle

Ischial Tuberosity

roughened area where your weight vests when sitting

Ischial Spine

tiny projection of ischium, narrows the outlet where baby's head passed through

Pubis

most anterior portion of the coxal bone

Obturator Foramen

opening that allows blood vessels and nerves to pass through to anterior thigh

Pubic Symphysis

where pubis bones fuse, made of fibrocartilage, forms pubic arch

Acetebulum

deep socket heavily reinforced with ligaments

False Pelvis

superior to true pelvis, spams from illiac crest to illiac crest

True Pelvis

surrounded by bone, spans from pelvic brim to pelvic brim, forms opening in pelvis