DT key words (copy)

Anthropometrics

aspect of ergonomics body measurements

biomechanics

reasearch and analysis of the mechanism of living organisms

cognitive ergonomics

mental processes affect interactions between user and systems

environmental factors

physiological factors that can affect the performance

ergonomics

application of scientific information of relationship between humans and design of a product

functional data

dynamic data measurments while performing a required task

human factors

how humans interact with parts of system

human information processing system

automatic system used to interpret information and react

interval data

numeric scales where we know the order

nominal data scale

classification of objects into different groups

ordinal data

data that exists in a scale where numerical value has no significance

physiological factor data

physical characteristics used to optimise users safety

pyschological factor data

pyschological interpretation caused by senses

ratio data scale

compare differences between numbers

structural data

body measurements while the person is in fixed position

workplace environmental factors

factors that maximize performance of user (learn the 6)

Re-use

in same or different context

repair

renewal of part

recycle

obsolete products to create other products

recondition

rebuilding a product

re-engineer

redesigning products to improve

product recovery strategies

separating products to recover materials

dematerialisation

reduction of material and energy of a product

end-of-pipe technologies

reduces pollutants at end of process

circular economy

resources remain in use for as long as possible

system-level solutions

solutions that deal with whole system

radical solutions

solution in a different way back to the roots of the problem

green design

designing with account of environmental impact

green legislation

laws based on sustainability when creating green products

graphical models

visualization of an idea

perspective

drawings when object is getting smaller and closer with examp

projection drawings

system of drawing that are accurate e.g. isometric and orthographic

sketches

rough drawings of ideas

formal drawing techniques

drawing that has fixed rules isometric and perspective

part drawing

orthographic drawings of component

assembly drawings

drawing how components fit

mock-up

representation of product for feedback

prototype

sample or model to test process

instrumented models

ability to take measurements

surface modelling

realistic picture of final model

solid modelling

clear representation of final part

data modelling

determines the structure of data

virtual prototyping

use surface and solid modelling photorealistic

bottom- up - modelling

parts designed separately then brought together.

top-down modelling

originally concept them evolves into product with components

digital humans

computer simulation of the aspect of the human body

motion capture

recording human and animal movements

haptic technology

interfaces user via sense of touch

virtual reality

simulates real situation to interact

animation

links graphic screens to simulate motion

finite element analysis

calculation and simulation of unknown factors using CAD systems

electrical resistivity

materials ability to conduct electricity

hardness

resistance to penetration

tensile strength

withstand pulling forces

stiffness

resistance of an elastic body to deflection

toughness

resist propagation of cracks

ductility

extruded or drawn into a wire or other shape

elasticity

whether a material will return to its shape after being deformed

plasticity

to be changed shape permanently

youngs modulus

measure of stiffness (elastic material) by stress and strain

stress

force on material divided by cross section

strain

response of material due to stress (change of length)

smart material

have properties that can be modified (output can be controlled)

piezoelectricity

property of smart material (small electric charged when deformed)

shape memory

can spring back into shape when deformed

magneto-rheostatic

property of smart material (fluid can undergo changes in viscosity when in different magnetic fields

electro- rheostatic

SM can undergo changes when in different electric fields

photochromity

SM changes colour as light increases

thermoelectricity

SM when heated can produce electric current

brittle

breaks into shards

electrical insulator

reduces transmittion of electrical charges

bio-compatability

continues health of biological environment

thermoplastics

can be heated and formed into new shape repeatedly

thermosetting plastics

one formed into shape cannot be changed

yarn

continuous length of interlocked synthetic or natural fibres

knitting

converting yarn into fabric

weaving

interlacing long threads

lace-making

decorative fabric woven into patterns

felting

converting yarn into fabric

composite

comrpised of two or more constituent materials with different properties

pultrusion

manufatuing process creating composite materials with constant cross section

LOM (?)

creates 3D product by converting into slcies cutting and joinging

wasting/ subtractive techniques

cut material to create a component

shaping techniques

methods to modify shape of material

CNC (?)

computer control of machines to manufacture complex parts of metals

drivers for invention

personal motivation, scientific curiosity, constructive discontent, desire to make money, desire to help others

lone inventor

individual who has comitted to the invention

intelectual property

intangible property (protected by the law)

patent

agreement to give someone right to product for a certain number of years (new products)

copyright

legal rights to owner that is original

trademark

symbol representing a company or product

first to market

first product of its type to be released into market

shelved technologies

shelved for various reasons (taken off shelf)

invention

discovering a principle

innovation

putting invention in marketplace and making it successful

sustaining innovation

product meets needs of consumers and sustains manufactureres

disruptive innovation

technology that challenged existing companies to ignore or embrace change

process innovation

imrpvements in the method and organisation of manufactureres

architectural innovation

configuration of components chnaged

modular innovation

one or more key components change