US History - Semester Test Study Guide

Lee Harvey Oswald

assassinated JFK

Benito **Mussolini**

Il Dusce; fascist leader of Italy

Douglas MacArthur

“I shall return”

Robert Oppenheimer

lead team that built the atomic bomb

Francis Gary Powers

U2 pilot shot down over SU

Jack Ruby

shot & killed Lee Harvey Oswald

Sirhan Sirhan

assassinated Robert “Bobby” Kennedy

Oskar Shindler

saved Jews

Nikita Khrushchev

leader 3 yrs after Stalin

Ronald Reagan

“Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall.”

Elvis

king of rock

German recovery $

One of the major causes of the Cold War were argument between the US and the SU over reparations and…

automobile industry

manufactured 1/3+ military equipment made during the war

Wannasee Conference

Nazi leaders planned Final Solution; Nazis met up and made plans on how to exterminate Jews quickly and more efficiently

Kristallnacht 

night of anti-Jewish violence

refuel B-24s & Bomb Japan

2 reasons why Iwo Jima was important objective for American military

Cuba

October 22, 1962; JFK announced American spy planes had photos of SU placing long-range missiles in this country

Nuremburg Laws

German laws that took citizenship away from Jews

Ships were welded, not riveted

why Liberty ships were successful

economic recovery

1945; Roosevelt’s key to keeping the world at peace

integrate buses

goal of the Freedom Riders--raised awareness towards South’s refusal to…

axis powers

germany, italy, japan

Bracero Program

helped farmers in Southwest overcome labor shortage; migrant farmworkers became important part of Southwest’s agricultural system

Okinawa

American military planners chose to invade to stockpile supplies and build an invasion on Japan

Jews

who Hitler blamed Germany’s WW1 defeat

Battle of Britain

air battle between German *Luftwaffe* and the British air force; radar helped GB win

Iwo Jima

American military planners decided to invade so B-29s could refuel

V-E Day

Victory to Europe; victory against Germany

Soviet Union

If British and American troops opened a 2nd front against Germany, it would relieve pressure for the…

Normandy

June 6, 1944; nearly 7 thousand ships carrying 100 thousand soldiers ser sail for this coast…

Bullied people on live TV

how popular support for Joseph McCarthy began to fade

blockade Berlin

US, GB, and France merged their zones in Germany, leading to SU’s response of…

Philippines

General MacArthur wanted to retake

MLK’s assasination

Leaving to support sanitation strike, MLK went to Memphis. On April 4, 1968…

Polio

epidemic that brought a wave of terror to postwar America

TV

strongly influenced the 1960 presidential election

free election & government

US, GB, and France merged their zones to allow Germans these rights

Joseph McCarthy’s list in the state department

created media frenzy; began his witch hunt

combat

in WW2, women could enlist, but were barred from…

Truman Doctrine

containment of communism

hydrogen bomb

Soviets tested this in 1953, shocking Americans

communism

when China fell to this, Red Scare intensified

American arm manufactures

Nye Committee report created impression that America’s entry in WW1 was influenced by

JFK promised to remove missiles from Turkey

one of the ways that caused the Cuban missile crisis to end

Blue and red points

a system for rationing

mutual defense agreemnet

NATO’s purpose to form

result of Yalta

free elections (ASAP) in Poland; divided Germany into 4

boycotted the busses

African American response to arrest of Rosa Parks

Marshall Plan

help Europe recover economically

Sunbelt

new industrial region in deep South

European refugees/Jews

Few Americans wanted to raise immigration quotas, even to accommodate…

security & communism

The two factors that influenced Soviet leaders’ thinking after WW2

Bay of Pigs

April 17, 1961; armed Cuban exiles landed in the south coast of Cuba here…

Warren Commission

investigated JFK assasination

Final Solution

Nazis plans to exterminate the Jews

“I have a dream” speech

MLK’s speech at the Washington march

Brown v. Board of Education

dramatic ruling threatened segregation

Vanona

this project cracked Soviet spy code & confirmed extensive Soviet spying

US broke Japanese spy code

key to US success at Midway

US, France, SU, GB

split four zones of Germany were shared by these 4 countries

military

Office of Price administration began rationing many consumer products to ensure there was enough for the…

Philippines

location of the Bataan Death March

Soviet Union

June 1941; Hitler betrayed this country by invading

NASA

created to coordinate research in rock & space technology

died in Final Solution

Jewish refugees on the SS St. Louis

trick Germans of invasion of Pas-de-Calais

Allies left rubber tanks, empty tents, and dummy landing craft along the coast to…

Checkers in the Checker’s speech

Nixon’s dog

victory suit

saved fabric for the war

Battle of Atlantic

turned in favor of the Allies; Allies had new tech; sonar and radar

Ghandi

MLK drew on philosophy and techniques of peaceful protest, which was inspired by…

V-J day

August 15, 1945; victory on Japan

deploy National Guard

Arkansas governor tried to prevent African American students from entering a white high by…

Double V campaign

defeat Hitler’s racism & defeat racism at home

Austria

first country “unified” with Germany

cost-plus system

sped up war production by giving larger profits to companies who made stuff faster

Make Germany pay

SU’s opinion of Germany

Atomic secrets to SU

Ethel & Julius Rosenburg were charged with

Pearl Harbor bombing

brought US into war

internment camps

Henry Stimson declared most of West coast a military zone and ordered Jap Ams to evacuate to…

Gypsies, homosexuals, disabled, Slavics

also hated by Nazis

Nazi-Soviet nonaggression treaty

shocked the world; divided Poland

Manchuria

Japanese invaded to get resources

containment

result of Korean war

Korematsu v. US result

Supreme Court ruled relocation of Japanese Americans was “constitutional” because it was a “military emergency”

Jonas Salk

developed oral vaccine for Polio

Jimmy Carter

president during Iran hostage crisis

Winston Churchill

PM of GB during WW2

Malcom X

leader of the Black Power Movement

Dwight D Eisenhower

in command of D-day

JFK

camalot; Bay of Pigs; Cuban missile crisis

Hitler

Fuhrer; leader of Nazi Germany

Neil Armstrong

first man of the moon

James Earl Ray

assassinated MLK

Japan

US dropped napalm bonds; fire-bombed Tokyo

Dunkirk

GB & French troops saved; left equipment

Zoot suit

baggy suit

little boy

Hiroshima bombing

Fat man

Nagasaki

Berlin airlift

response to SU blockading West Berlin

NATO

North Atlantic Treaty Organization