Public Speaking Final

What is the first step in planning a neighbor-serving speech?

Identify the topic

What is primary research?

Discovering for ourselves what others do not yet know

What word do the author and his wife use to prevent escalating arguments?

Ouch

What is the MAIN IDEA of a speech similar to?

Elevator pitch, Essay thesis, One-sentence speech summary

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What’s wrong with the following *Main Idea* for a speech: “This speech is about TV, parents, and children.”

It is too general

What is autobiographical research?

Examining one’s own experiences

According to Aristotle, what is rhetoric?

Persuasive speech

What is intrapersonal communication?

Communicating with self

What is secondary research?

Searching for what other people already know

What is NOT a traditional speaking purpose

Expressing

What should a persuasive speech normally conclude with?

A call to a specific belief or action

What are the three main parts of a speech?

Introduction, Body, Conclusion

What is an effective way of beginning a speech?

Relevant story, Significant fact, Relevant quotation

What should a speech outline include?

Short list of points, Ideas that support the MAIN IDEA, Complete sentences

What is a bad way of beginning a speech?

A joke, Off-topic tale, Rhetorical question

“The FIRST way to shed a few pounds…” is likely an example of which kind of transition device?

Numbered points

Which of the following speech topics might best be organized chronologically?

The steps required for writing a solid resume

What type of question would work best in a speech introduction?

Inclusive question

What are common problems with the use of acronyms for speech organization and transition?

They can seem trite, They can seem forced

What is the difference between a summary and a preview transition statement?

A summary statement looks back, whereas a preview looks forward in the speech

How do we gain integrity as speakers?

Unifying our inner and outer selves

What describes a virtuous speaker?

Good character

What is a figure of speech?

Language that is used metaphorically rather than literally

What is hyperbole?

Exaggeration for effect

What is misspeaking?

Unintentionally making a false, misleading, or at least confusing statement

Which type of public speaking probably requires the most patience?

Persuading

When we express semi-informed personal opinions in speeches, what kind of sentence might best serve our audience with fair language?

“This is my view, but I might be wrong.”

What is a speaker’s ethos?

Perceived credibility

What are Aristotle’s three important means of persuasion?

Logos, Pathos, Ethos

What is a lie?

A statement intended to deceive

Generally speaking, what does secondary research include?

Public websites, Periodicals, Scholarly/academic publications

What does confirmation bias usually lead us to do?

Seek information that confirms our existing biases

What free, online search engine provides one of the easiest ways of accessing citations for scholarly articles on various topics and by various scholars?

Google Scholar

What is fabrication?

Making up material, such as data, examples, and findings

What is true of popular quotations?

They are notoriously suspect/questionable

What is plagiarism?

Passing off someone else’s ideas and expressions as our own

Why should we consult topical authorities even if we know a lot about our speech topic?

We need credible sources for our speech, We need to validate our assumptions, We need to speak beyond our personal opinion and experience

What is misinformation?

Unintentionally erroneous information

What is a source’s credibility?

Its apparent trustworthiness

When does an “aha moment” usually occur in a speech?

When the speaker offers a new and interesting insight

What should the camera show in a meeting video?

The presenter from about waist up and at eye level

How can we best avoid personal defensiveness during audience Q&A?

Imagining that a beloved family member is asking the question

What does extemporaneous speaking usually require?

Rehearsing without extensive notes

What does the Greek concept of KAIROS (time) mean?

The right and fitting moment; such as when to say something

Why should we mark up our extemporaneous speech outline?

We remember visually, It makes it easier to keep track of where we are in the speech

What is extemporaneous speaking?

Speaking from an outline

According to the author, how many times should we usually rehearse extemporaneous speeches?

3-5

What is a good practice for attire/clothing on video?

Solid colors, Avoid company logos, Non-seasonal clothing

How should a speaker move when doing a stage video?

The speaker should stay in a designated spot on the stage unless the director suggests otherwise

How does the author decide whether or not to say something that he had not planned to say during the speech?

He asks himself if the content will serve the audience

What is a cue?

An unintentional nonverbal signal

What kind of story is a metanarrative?

A story that makes sense of other stories

“Pilate had a notice prepared and fastened to the cross. It read: JESUS OF NAZARETH, THE KING OF THE JEWS” (John 19:19). What kind of *trope* (figure of speech) was the sign an example of?

Irony

What is empathy as a servant speaker?

Seeing things from others’ perspectives

What is identification in public speaking?

Helping the audience identify with us and others

What is satire?

Using irony and exaggeration to criticize others’ stupidity or vices

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“Ask and it will be given to you; seek and you will find; knock and the door will be open to you” (Matt. 7:7). What are Jesus’ words an example of?

Parallelism

What is a “myth” (mythos) in the deepest, classical sense according to Aristotle?

A powerful tale to move an audience

“This is how you are to build it: The ark is to be three hundred cubits long, fifty cubits wide and thirty cubits high” (Gen. 6:15). What is this verse is an example of?

Concreteness

What is the best way to avoid verbal fillers in our public speaking?

Eliminate fillers in our everyday conversation

What is techno-magic?

The belief that there are technological solutions to just about every human problem

What can engaging informative speeches be compared to?

A drama

What is copyrighted material?

The material owned by someone and not available for general public use

What is a helpful guide for how many slides to use in a presentation?

One slide each for the introduction and conclusion, one additional slide for each significant point on our outline

What do we need to include at or near the end of an informative speech?

Explain or illustrate how the info will meet audience needs

Why is handing out printed materials at a speech particularly risky?

Attendees might read the material rather than pay attention to us

What is a good rule to use with selecting and designing presentation visuals?

Less is actually more

With what type of communication was the ancient art of public speaking associated?

Conducting theatrical performances

What is the unintentional message that the audience receives when speaker misspells a word on a PowerPoint slide?

The speaker is careless

What would a descriptive form of an informative speech on the general topic of phone apps NOT do?

Advocate for one app over a different one

What is usually the most inclusive way to both begin and end meetings?

Taking turns speaking around a circle

What part of group work is usually best done by one person?

Overseeing media/technology

As a general rule, how much of the presentation time should be reserved for Q&A?

10 percent

What is a group presentation?

A shared calling to use the gift of communication cooperatively to serve an audience

How can team members avoid conflicts and thereby nurture good relationships?

Keeping disagreements on a task rather than a personal level, Addressing person-to-person conflicts outside the group, Discussing one central question: “What will best serve the audience?”

According to the author, how might we think about each other as members of a group?

Mutual neighbors called to serve one another

What is a helpful rule for attending to a group’s personal visual dynamics in front of an audience?

All team members should recognize that they are essentially on stage even when they are not presenting

What normally should be done at the end of a group meeting?

Ensure that the group agrees on what has been accomplished, Determine as a group what needs to be done next, Determine who will carry out the specified tasks within specified deadlines

What is a good activity to use at the first group meeting to build relationships?

Share life stories

Which servant dynamic should a group nurture among members?

Value all members, Be mutually gracious, Foster equal participation

When does the problem-solution approach to logical persuasion typically work well?

When the audience already feels the burden of the problem

What is the general rule about using emotional appeals?

Use emotional appeals early in a speech to gain audience interest and open listeners’ hearts, Use emotional appeals toward the end of the speech to move the audience toward a change in belief or action

What is apologetics?

The defense of a faith

What are audience attitudes (essentially)?

Biases

What does inductive reasoning (or argument) involve?

Using specific information to make a general conclusion

What does an AD HOMININ argument attack?

Someone’s character

What does deductive reasoning (or argument) involve?

Using a general statement or principle to make specific conclusions

What does Monroe’s 5-Step Motivated Sequence begin with? What does it end with?

It begins with audience attention and ends with a call to audience action

What does primary (or personal) evidence include?

Our own life experiences

What does simple logic in a persuasive speech involve?

Making a claim, Stating a reason, Providing evidence

In ancient Greece and Rome, what was epideictic oratory?

Speaking designed for public ceremonies, Speaking in a way that would show off one’s speaking abilities, Speaking designed to criticize opponents or praise friends

When might we poke fun at a person being honored?

If we can sensitively address endearing quirks or foibles, not failings

Typically, how long should a speaker’s introduction be?

30-60 seconds

What does addressing an audience at a celebratory occasion borrow meaning from?

Ancient forms of worship

What is alliteration?

Speaking with matching sounds at the beginnings of words

What is a malapropism?

Using the wrong word for a similar one

What does Frederick Buechner say about some speaking occasions?

They can give us a glimpse of what life is all about

What is impromptu speaking?

Speaking on the spot with little preparation time

What should we normally include in a speaker introduction?

Event sponsors, The purpose/value of the speech for the audience, Speaker credentials

What is a neologism?

A made-up word