US History Semester 1 Exam Guide

1st state to approve constitution

Delaware

What did Article 1 Establish?

Legislative Branch

What did Article 2 Establish?

Executive Branch

What did Article 3 Establish?

Judicial Branch

Balance of Trade

Amount of goods sold compared to amount bought

Bill of Rights

First 10 Amendments to the Constitution

Who wrote the Bill of Rights?

James Madison

Mestizos

Marriage between Peninsulares and natives

Profiteering

Selling scares good to make a profit

Boston Massacre

A fight that broke out on March 5, 1770

Who was the first person to die in Boston Massacre?

Crispus Attucks

Who did the etching of the Boston Massacre paper?

Paul Revere

Who was the last person to die at Lexington?

Edward Barber

Battle of Lexington

What was the shot heard around the world (name of Battle)

Boston Tea Party

Occurring on December 16, 1773, colonists went on 3 ships and dumped 18,000 pounds of tea into the Boston Harbor

Cash Crop

Crops grown for sale and not personal use. Included Tobacco, Indigo, and Rice

Charles Cornwallis

British commander during the American Revolution who was defeated at Yorktown

Committees of Correspondence

A group created by Sam Adams;was created to communicate with other colonies about threats to American Liberties.

Common Sense

A 50 page document that was created by Thomas Paine. It attacked King George III, and explained why the revolution started

Battle of Concord

A town that was outside of Boston where General Gage sent troops to check out and destroy colonist weapons

Confederation

An alliance formed by people or nations

Congregations

A group of people coming together for worship

Conquistadores

Spanish explorers (Exploring the Americas and Mexico) during the 16th century. Some conquistadors included Cortez, Pizarro, Coronado, and DeSoto

What was Pual Reveres great Idea?

Propaganda

Shay's Rebellion

A farmer that believed he and others were being taxed too much by the government. He rounds up 1200 people and they march toward an arsenal in Springfield. When they rebelled, state militia called to the scene and they killed 4 rebels.

Declaration of Independence

A document written by Thomas Jefferson, which contained 4 parts stating they would be independent. It was approved on July 4, 1776

Who signed the Declaration of Independence the biggest?

John Hancock

Which Battle Was First;Lexington or Concord?

Lexington

Second Continental Congress appointed who as their leader?

George Washington

Which state did not meet at the First Continental Congress?

Georgia

Delegated Powers

Powers that are granted to the national government under the constitution

What was Created by King James II to have more power over the colonies? (Present day Southern Maine to New Jersey)

Dominion of New England

Who was dominion over New England?

Sir Edmund Andros

Egalitarianism

The belief in equality for all people

Electoral College

Each state gets to choose a number of electors to choose who would cast ballots for candidates

Encomienda

A system used by the Spanish settlers to use Natives for labor and for the purpose of profit in the New World

What time period stressed the idea of reason?

Enlightenment

Papers that explained the separation of powers and defended the constitution

Federalist Papers

French and Indian War

What war was fought between France and Britian? (British and Natives were allies, while British and America were allies)

Ohio River Valley

Where were the French and British fighting when the French and Indian war broke out?

George Washington

Who did Britain send up to fort Dequane to tell the French to surrender for taking land from a wealthy planter?

Fort Necessity

Where was George Washington stationed during the French and Indian war?

Battle of Quebec

What was the turning point of the French and Indian war?

Friedrich von Steuben

A Prussian Capital/Drill master who trained the continental army at Valley Forge during American Revolution. Wrote first blue book

George Grenville

A man sent to the Americas by King George III who taxed the colonists in order to pay off debt from French and Indian war

George Washington

Commander in chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, and served two terms as the first U.S. president. Died from a cold in 1799

Glorious Revolution

Also known as the bloodless rebellion, ocurred when King James II was overthrown from the throne and replace with William of Orange, and his wife Mary.

Great Awakening

in 1691, a mass charter forced Puritans to allow freedom of worship and banned only Puritans voting. This led to people abandoning Puritan or Angelican congregations, as well as starting new denominations and education

Pontiac

A Chief of the Ottawa tribe who captured 8 British forts in 1763

Headright system

This system was created to give people a reward if they were willing to pay to import much needed labor into the colony (also known as indentured servants)

Hernando Cortez

A spanish explorer who came to the Americas and conquered the Aztec empire

3/5

How are slaves counted? (Counts towards House of Representatives)

Indentured servant

Someone who worked for another person during the 1600s. They were promised to be freed after 4

Inflation

Printing more and more money...

Intolerable Acts

An act initiated by King George after the Boston Tea Party, shut down the Boston Harbor.

Quartering Acts

allowed British troops to be housed in private homes

Martial Law

Rule imposed by military force

Thomas Gage

Who did King George III make governor of Massachusetts? (he initiated the Martial Law)

Jonathan Edwards

A puritan man who said "sinners in the hand of an angry god."

Juan Ponce De Leon

A Spanish conquistador who is credited with the founding of Florida (and Fountain of Youth) on Easter Sunday 1513

King George III

King of Great Britain during the times of the American Revolution. Declined the Olive Branch

Land Ordinance of 1785

America needed a way of governing land west of the Appalachians and North of the Ohio River. Split land up into townships, which were 36 sq miles (6 square miles for each square)

Last state to approve constitution

New Hampshire

9/13

How many states were needed to ratify the constitution?

Lower house

1 of 2 houses of congress. Based on size, and is known as the modern day house of representatives

Loyalists

People who were loyal to the British Crown

Virginia Plan

Also known as Madison's plan, outlined a strong national government. Called for 2 houses of Congress.

Marquis de Lafayette

A 20 year old who denied orders from Louis XVI who told him not to go to the Americas and not get involved in the war. He went anyway and crossed the Atlantic to meet George Washington at Valley Forge. Got the French to help in the war

Mercantilism

a form of economic nationalism that sought to increase the prosperity and power of a nation through restrictive trade practices (resulted in the colonies growing faster than GB)

Middle Passage

Took Africans to the West Indies then later to the Americas.

Brooks

The boats used for the middle passage were called the _____

Bacon’s rebellion

was an armed rebellion held by Virginia settlers that took place from 1676 to 1677. It was led by Nathaniel Bacon against Colonial Governor William Berkeley, after Berkeley refused Bacon's request to drive Native Americans out of Virginia

Navigation Act

An act that came into effect because the English Parliament wanted to control trade. It stated that the new world couldn’t trade with other countries, unless on an English ship, crews had to be ¾ English or colonial, certain products were only sent to England, and Pass through English ports.

Northwest ordinance of 1787

A method for admitting new states to the Union from the territory. Could apply for state hood when population hit 60K Free inhabitants

Olive Branch Petition

Something that was sent to King George III by the 2nd Continental Congress, and King George III rejected

Parliament

European legislatures, that established laws and rules for the colonies

Patriots

Also known as the Continental army, were a part of the American colonists who rebelled and fought back against the British

Pope’

Leader of the Pueblo revolt in 1680 who wanted to push the Spanish out. He was beaten by Spanish because they thought he was a part of witchcraft

Proclamation of 1763

Passed by Great Britain where they banned settlements West of the Appalachians

Profiteering

Selling scarce goods to make a profit

Bad

How were relations between powhatans?

Republic

Citizens rule through their elected representatives

Republicanism

The idea that Government should be based on the consent of the people

Reserved Powers

Powers reserved for the state

Royal colony

a colony governed directly by the crown through a governor and council appointed by it

Salutary Neglect

When England loosened their supervision on the colonies, the seed of self government was planted in the minds of the colonist

Sam Adams

Who was the man who created the Sons of Liberty?

Saratoga

Turning point of the American Revolution (First major war patriots won)

Second Continental Congress

Met in May 1775 after their first meeting didn't have the things they discussed about met, and made George Washington the Commander of the continental army

Shared Powers

Powers that are shared or divided between state and federal governments

Slave

People who were not paid and used to work on fields and pick cash crops for their owners

Stamp Act

Special stamped paper for legal documents such as license, newspapers, pamphlets and almanac. Stamp duties on playing cards and dice (Direct Tax) in 1765

Stono Rebellion

A rebellion that occurred in September 1739 in South Carolina. 20 slaves gathered and killed their owners

Sugar Act

Put a duty on molasses and certain imports

Tariff

Tax on imported goods

Townshend Acts

An indirect tax that on things coming from Great Britain such as lead, paint, paper, etc. They also added a 3 cent tax on Tea

Treaty of Paris 1783

Ended the American Revolution. Written to confirm the independence of America. This document was written so that Great Britain would recognize American independence, and it set American Boundaries for their new nation

it did not specify when Great Britain needed to evacuate forts in America

What was the problem with the Treaty of Paris 1783?

Battle of Trenton

A Battle that occurred Christmas Night, George Washington and his soldiers killed 30, captured 918, and 6 cannons. The patriots needed a victory bad or else men would be going home and abandon their fight for independence

Delaware River

What river did Washington and his army cross before the Battle Of Trenton?