Circulatory System Bio 20-1

What is mass transport

The bulk movement of gases or liquids in one direction through a system of vessels or tubes

What is a closed double circulatory system

A circulatory system where blood passes through the heart twice in one complete circuit

What are atria

The two upper chambers of the heart that receive blood

What are ventricles

The two lower chambers of the heart that pump blood out of the heart

What is the septum

The muscular wall that separates the left and right sides of the heart

What is the right atrium

The chamber that receives deoxygenated blood from the body

What is the right ventricle

The chamber that pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs

What is the left atrium

The chamber that receives oxygenated blood from the lungs

What is the left ventricle

The chamber that pumps oxygenated blood to the body

What is the superior vena cava

The large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the upper body to the heart

What is the inferior vena cava

The large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the heart

What is the pulmonary artery

The artery that carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs

What are pulmonary veins

The veins that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

What is the aorta

The largest artery that carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the body

What are coronary arteries

Blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle

What are valves

Structures that prevent blood from flowing backward

What is the tricuspid valve

The valve between the right atrium and right ventricle

What is the mitral valve

The valve between the left atrium and left ventricle

What is the pulmonary semilunar valve

The valve between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery

What is the aortic semilunar valve

The valve between the left ventricle and aorta

What is the sinoatrial (SA) node

The natural pacemaker of the heart that starts the heartbeat

What is the atrioventricular (AV) node

The structure that sends electrical impulses from the atria to the ventricles

What are Purkinje fibres

Fibres that conduct electrical impulses through the ventricles

What is systole

The contraction phase of the heart

What is diastole

The relaxation phase of the heart

What is the cardiac cycle

One complete heartbeat consisting of systole and diastole

What is atrial systole

The contraction of the atria

What is ventricular systole

The contraction of the ventricles

What is the P wave

The ECG wave representing atrial depolarization and atrial contraction

What is the QRS complex

The ECG waves representing ventricular depolarization

What is the T wave

The ECG wave representing ventricular repolarization

What is bradycardia

A slower than normal heart rate

What is tachycardia

A heart rate over 100 beats per minute

What is depolarization

The electrical activation of heart muscle cells causing contraction

What is repolarization

The return of heart muscle cells to their resting electrical state

What is pulmonary circulation

The pathway of blood between the heart and lungs

What is systemic circulation

The pathway of blood between the heart and the rest of the body

What is coronary circulation

The pathway of blood supplying the heart muscle itself

What are arteries

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

What are veins

Blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart

What are capillaries

Tiny blood vessels where exchange of substances occurs between blood and tissues

What are arterioles

Small branches of arteries that lead to capillaries

What are venules

Small vessels that collect blood from capillaries into veins

What are elastic arteries

Large arteries containing many elastic fibres to handle high pressure

What are muscular arteries

Arteries with more smooth muscle that control blood distribution

What is the lumen

The inside space of a blood vessel

What is blood pressure

The force exerted by blood against vessel walls

What are elastic fibres

Fibres that allow blood vessels to stretch and recoil

What are capillary walls

Walls that are one cell thick to allow efficient diffusion

What are valves in veins

Structures that prevent backflow of blood in veins

What is high pressure circulation

Blood flow in arteries due to pumping by the heart

What is low pressure circulation

Blood flow in veins after pressure decreases through circulation

What is diffusion

The movement of substances from an area of high concentration to low concentration

What is an exchange surface

A surface where materials are transferred between systems

What is oxygenated blood

Blood containing a high concentration of oxygen

What is deoxygenated blood

Blood containing a low concentration of oxygen

What is blood flow velocity

The speed at which blood moves through vessels

What is cross

sectional area

What is the femoral artery

A major artery supplying blood to the leg

What is the femoral vein

A major vein returning blood from the leg

What is the carotid artery

An artery supplying blood to the brain and head

What is the jugular vein

A vein draining blood from the head and neck

What is the renal artery

The artery supplying blood to the kidneys

What is the renal vein

The vein carrying blood away from the kidneys

What is the subclavian artery

An artery supplying blood to the arms

What is the subclavian vein

A vein returning blood from the arms

What is the pulmonary pathway

The route blood takes from the heart to the lungs and back

What is the systemic pathway

The route blood takes from the heart to the body and back

What are two elements of blood required for clotting

Platelets and plasma proteins

What is a substance reabsorbed into the blood by active transport in the proximal tubule?

Sodium and glucose