Micro Final

What causes whooping cough?

Bordetella pertussis

What are the VF of whooping cough?

Fil hem B and DTaPPertussis toxin A

It stops the mucocilliary escalator allowing entrance into lungs

What are the stages of whooping cough?

catarrhal - cold/flu

proximal - whoop

convalescent - months

What causes primary pneumonia?

Strep pneumoniae

What are the traits of strep pneumoniae?

Gram positive diplococci

alpha hemolytic

catalase negative

optigen sensitive

What is the danger of primary pneumonia?

Alveoli fill with pus and you can/will suffocate

How is atypical pneumonia determined over primary?

Sputum culture is negative

Which atypical pneumonia(s) are treated without determining the difference?

Mycoplasma and chlamydophila

When is legionella pneumophila considered?

During an outbreak.

Where does legionella pneumophila spread?

from A/C, misters, NOT person to person

What is a sign of active TB?

green and bloody sputa, nigh sweats, weight lossw

Which TB infection has a positive AFB smear?

Active

What is a latent TB identifier?

Granulomas tubercles

Which TB infections have a negative AFB smear?

Latent and Extrapulmonary

What is different about the extrapulmonary TB infection?

It affects AIDS and immunosuppressed

Who does RSV effect?

premature infants and elderly

What are two traits of influenza?

H and N spikes

8 segments of RNA

What are the differences between influenza A and B?

A causes major epidemics

B is milder

What does an Ag shift do?

changes H or N type and causes major epidemics

what does Ag drift do?

Small mutatations, means we need new vaccinations every year

What do influenza vaccines give us?

give us anti-H and N antibodies

SARS/MERS and COVID-19 are both…

Coronavirus

SARS/MERS causes

serious infection

What do you use to treat fungal infections?

Anti fungal

Who do fungal infections effect?

Immunosuppressed

where does histoplasmosis come from

birds and bats

Retirees in AZ wind storm is what fungal infection?

Coccidiomycosis

What fungal infection effects farmers?

Aspergillosis

What is the HIV classic disease?

Pneumocystis

What is the normal flora in your mouth?

Streptococci and some yeasts

what causes Caries?

alpha hemolytic part of strep

What is gigivitis?

gum inflammation

what is peridontitis

deep w/ bone recession

What is ANUG

where all hell breaks loose in mouth

What organisms infect the mouth?

anaerobes

Where is the NF mainly in the digestive tract?

colon

Lactose fermenting Gram negative Rods

What is the difference between food intoxication and infection?

Intoxication = quick onset 4-6 hours

Infection = bacteria grows 2-3 day

Which food intoxication comes from dairy, meat, mayo? It’s also the most common.

Staph food poisoning

Which food intoxication is caused by bad canning? It includes diarrhea and vomiting toxins

bacillus cereus

Which food intoxications are spore formers?

Bacillus cereus and C diff

What does C diff food intoxication cause?

pseudomembranous colitis

Where do you get c diff food intoxication?

From antibiotic associated diarrhea or from person with hypervirulence strain

Which food intoxication has perfingens toxin?

C perfringens

Which food intoxication comes from H2O or seafood?

Vibrio cholera

What food intoxication indicates blood instool?

shigella dysenteriae

Which food intoxication is in US and contains the shiga toxin?

E. Coli (EHEC)

Which food infection has a rocketing and listeria VF?

Shigellosis

How does shigellosis food infection effect Mac and HE agar?

it is a non-lactose fermenter

Which food infection is spread by water and causes Typhoid fever?

Salmonella Typhi

Which food infection is in meat and veggies?

Salmonella enterica

Which food infection has no toxins?

E. coli

Which food infection has paralysis as worst case scenario?

Campylobacter

What is the #1 growth on a campy plate? Food infection.

Campylobacter

Which food infection is associated with fridge good poisoning? milk and meat

yersinia

Which food infection grows in the stomach (only one) and raises pH and causes ulcers?

Helicobacter

Which viral cause of digestive disease causes orchitis in males?

Mumps

What is a sign of mumps?

Swollen glands

What is the #1 virus in children?

Rotavirus

What is the number one virus in adults?

Norovirus

What are the traits of norovirus?

length - 2 weeks

resistant to Cl

Spreads fast

Which hepatitis infection is acute?

HAV

How is HAV spread?

food infections by handlers

WHich Hepatitis infections have a vaccine?

HAV and HBV

Which hepatitis infection is chronic and MAY cause cancer?

HBV

Where is HBV found in the body?

Blood and body fluids, high in blood

Which hepatitis infection does cause cancer?

HCV

What is different about hepatitis infection HDV?

It needs HBV it function, otherwise its a dud. with HBV it worsens the effects of HBV

How is parasitic infection giardia lamblia spread?

feces contaminated water and person to person

what is the parasitic infection caused by drinking municipal water and swimming pools?

Cryptosporidium

Which parasitic infection is characterized by amoeba and spreads by systs in the water? (uncommon in US)

Entamoeba

What do helminths cause?

eosinophlia eggs in feces

Which helminth goes in a cycle of gut to lungs to swallow?

ascaris lumbercoides

Which helminth migrates but NOT to the lungs?

trichuris trichuria

which helminth is called the vampire?

Hookworms

How are hookworms spread?

enters through bare feet

Which helminth comes from undercooked meet?

taenia (Tapeworms)

Where do tapeworms “get lost’?

cystocerci - organs

neurocystocerci - brain

which heminths are characterized by cysts in pork

trichinella

which helminth infects the liver?

Schistosoma

What are the four urinary tract barriers to infection?

urine flow

desquamation

IgA

Lysozyme

where do normal flora reside in the Urinary tract?

end of the urethra, everything else is sterile

What are the differences between men and women’s NF in urinary tract?

men - skin flora

women - skin and fecal

Where do most infections in the urinary tract come from?

YOU

Which type of UTI is in the urethra?

Urethritis

Which type of UTI is a bladder infection?

Cystitis

Which type of UTI is a kidney infection?

Pyelonephritis

When doing specimen collection:

Given 10ul (0.01mL) how do you count it?

Take 10 x 100 = 10,000

Which specimen collection type is sterile

suprapubic aspirate

Which bacterial cause of UTI is coliform lactose fermenter?

E. Coli

What are the traits of Enterococcus (bacterial UTI).

Gram positive cocci

gamma hem

catalase neg

group D

naturally antibiotic resistant

Which bacterial cause of UTI is associated with flooding?

Leptospira

What are the physical signs of leptospira?

in blood, high fever, chills headache

jaundice, anemia

What are the genital tract barriers to infection?

cilia

mucus membranes

vaginal pH

What NF do women have over men?

Lactobacillus (gram positive rod)

Which STD has lesion and rash as a physical identifier?

Treponema pallidum syphilis

What tests are done for a syphilis infection?

VDRL and RPR

Which STD is a congenital infection?

syphilis

Which STD is a lesion, gram negative rod, and uses chocolate agar for culture?

Haemophilus ducreyi (chancroid)

Which STD has physical traits of fluid filled lesions?

Genital herpes

Which STD has physical traits of pus discharge?

Neisseria gonnorrheae