Chapter 3: terms related to the whole body

aden/o

gland

blast/o

immature cell

cyt/o

cell

fibr/o

fiber

gluc/o, glyc/o

glucose, sugar

herm/o, hemat/o

blood

hist/o

tissue

hydr/o

water, watery fluid

lel/o

smooth

lip/o

fat

morph/o

form, shape

my/o, myos/o

muscle

necr/o

death

neur/o

nerve

nucle/o

nucleus

oste/o

bone

path/o

disease

sarc/o

flesh

troph/o

nourishment

viscer/o

internal organs

cyte

cell

oma

abnormal condition

pathy

disease

plasia

formation (especially of the cell), growth

stasis

stopping, standing still

body system

group of organs with related functions; organ system

cell

smallest independent unit of a living structure

chromosome

structure in the cell nucleus that carries information in the form of genes

cytoplasm

substance of a cell excluding the nucleus

gene

sequence of DNA on a chromosome that determines heredity

nucleus

central structure in a cell that contains chromosome

cytology

study of cells

histology

study of cells and tissues

homeostasis

state of equillibrium

metabolism

sum of the normal chemical and physical changes occurring in tissue

organ

grouping of two or more tissues that are integrated to perform a specific function

organ system

group of organs with related functions; body system

somatic

pertaining to the body

systemic

pertaining to the body as a whole

tissue

grouping of similar cells that perform a specific function

visceral

pertaining to the internal organs

acute

referring to a disease of sudden onset and brief course

chronic

referring to a persistent disease or illness

ethology

study of the cause of disease

exacerbation

an increase in the severity of a disease or symptoms

hyperplasia

excessive growth of tissue

idiopathic

related to a disease of unknown cause

inflammation

localized physical changes in tissue characterized by redness, heat, pain, and swelling, in response to an injury

lesion

a pathologic change in tissue resulting from a wound or injury

necrosis

pathologic death of cells or tissue

pathogen

any virus, microorganism, or other substance that causes disease

remission

lessening in severity of disease symptoms

abdomin/o

abdomen

acr/o

extremity, tip

brachi/o

arm

cervic/o

neck

lumb/o

lumbar region, lower back

ped/o, pod/o

foot

pelv/i

pelvis

thorac/o

thorax, chest

abdomen (abdominal region)

the section of the trunk between the pelvis and chest

cranium

skull

diaphragm

muscle between the abdominal and thoracic cavities

extremity

limb

pelvis (pelvic region)

area of the pelvis below (inferior to) the abdomen

thorax

chest; upper part of the trunk

abdominal cavity

space within the abdomen occupied by the digestive and other organs

cranial cavity

space within the skull occupied by the brain

pelvic cavity

space within the pelvis occupies by certain reproductive, urinary, and digestive organs

spinal cavity (vertebral canal)

space within the vertebrae occupied by the spinal cord

thoracic cavity

space within the chest occupies by the lungs, heart, and other organs

abdominopelvic region

nine specific anatomic areas of the abdominopelvic cavity

epigastric region

abdominal region above (superior to) the umbilical region

hypochondria region (left and right)

abdominal regions to the left and right of the epigastric region

hypogastric region

abdominal region below (inferior to) the umbilical region; also called the suprapubic region

iliac region (left and rigth)

abdominal regions to the left and right of the hypogastric region

lumbar region (left and right)

abdominal regions to the left and right of the umbilical region

umbilical region

central abdominal region

abdominopelvic quadrants

four divisions of the abdominopelvic cavity:

left upper quadrant (LUQ)

left lower quadrant (LLQ)

right upper quadrant (RUQ)

right lower quadrant (RLQ)

caudal

tail

cephal/o

head

antero

front

circum

around

epi

on, following

infra

below, beneath

inter

between

intra

within

latero

side

peri

around, surrounding

postero

back

proximo

near point of origin

retro

backward, behind

sub

below, beneath

super, supra

above

ventro

belly

cephalad

toward the head

cuadad

toward the tail (opposite of cephalad)

superior

above or upward

inferior

below or downward (opposite of superior)

anterior

toward the front of the body