cna test

adaptive

a change or response to stress of any kind

abandonment

desertion of an older adult or person with a disability for any period of time by a person who has assumed responsibility for providing care, when that desertion would place the adult at serious risk of harm.

abnormal vital signs

T-P-R-B/P or SpO2 that is higher or lower than the normal range.

accountable

being responsible (or liable) for your actions

adduction

moving a body part towards the midline of the body

admitting resident

official entry of a person into the health care facility

affected side

part or side of the body that does not work normally (as in weakness or paralysis due to a stroke)

AIDS

Acquired Immune deficiency syndrome (caused by the HIV virus) Virus is found in blood and body fluids and standard precautions must be followed (gloves, gown, mask other PPE as needed)

amputees

person who has had one or multiple limbs removed

angina

heart pain caused by obstructed coronary arteries

antibiotics

medicine used to treat bacterial infections

apical

apex of the heart (a stethoscope can be used to hear the apical heart rate)

abdominal thrust

used to dislodge object obstructing the airway causing choking

abuse

physical, mental, emotional, sexual mistreatment

activities

as in activities of daily living, things that people do every day (brush teeth, shower, go to bathroom, get dressed). Can also mean social activities

adaptive device

any structure or instrument that enables a person with a disability to function independently. ex plate guard, grab bar

ADL

(Activities of Daily Living) Activities that are necessary for daily care of oneself. It includes using the toilet, grooming, dressing, and feeding oneself.

advance directives

legal documents that allow people to choose what medical care they wish to have if they are unable to make those decisions themselves

aging process

the natural occurrences in the body that produce the changes associated with growing old

Alzheimer's

A progressive disease that destroys memory and other important mental functions, a form of dementia.

Anatomy

The study of body structure

anterior

at or toward the front of the body or body part

anxiety

A vague, uneasy feeling in response to stress

apnea

The lack or absence of breathing

abductor wedge

designed to separate the legs of a patient. It is often used after hip surgery to prevent the new hip from "popping out".

accidents

an unfortunate incident that happens unexpectedly and unintentionally, typically resulting in damage or injury.

acute

New, usually of rapid onset and of concern, opposite of chronic

adaptive equipment

pieces of equipment that allow individuals to perform functional tasks with increased ease or independence

admission

official entry of a person into a health care setting

afebrile

without fever

agitation

a state of chronic restlessness and increased psychomotor activity that is generally observed as an expression of emotional tension.

ambulation

the act of walking

anemia

A condition in which the blood is deficient in red blood cells, in hemoglobin, or in total volume.

Anti-embolism stockings (TED hose)

elastic hosiery used to minimize the occurrence of edema and blood clots

aphasia

inability to speak

arthritis

joint inflammation

aspiration

Breathing fluid, food, vomitus, or an object into the lungs

assault

threat or attempt to injure

assistive device

an object or piece of equipment designed to help a patient with activities of daily living, such as a cane, eyeglasses, or a hearing aid

audiologist

specializes in the measurement of hearing function and in the rehabilitation of persons with hearing impairments

authorized duty

who is formally and properly empowered to perform specific duties associated with an office or an agreement or contract

bacteria

single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus; prokaryotes

basic needs

These are the things people cannot live without, such as food, clothing, and shelter.

bath water temperature

The temperature of the water used to give a bath, should be between 105-115 degrees Fahrenheit

bathing

the act of washing yourself (or another person)

bed cradle

a metal or plastic frame suspended over the hospital bed to keep the weight of the linen off the resident's body

bed height

The height or level the bed is at.

bed making

Encourage patient to get out of bed.
Place soiled linens in linen bag avoiding contact with your uniform.
Avoid shaking sheets, fold out on to the surface of the bed.
Do not place pillow under your chin.

bedrails

A device that serves as a guard or barrier along the side of the bed; also called side rail

behavior

The way an organism reacts to changes in its internal condition or external environment.

behavioral care plan

principles for managing a patient (treat behavior/mental)

Beliefs

specific ideas that people hold to be true

Biohazard

medical waste that could cause infection; needles, scalpel blades, blood, body parts

bipolar disorder

A mood disorder in which the person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania.

bladder training

goal is to gain control of urination done as directed by nurse and care plan person uses toilet/pan at frequent regular intervals and is slowly increased. Person has catheter which is clamped to prevent urine flow for periods of time (1-2hrs at first then up to 3-4hrs) to train bladder

body alignment

the way the head, trunk, arms, and legs are aligned with one another; posture

body language

nonverbal communication through gestures, facial expressions, behaviors, and posture

body mechanics

using the body in an efficient and careful way

body temperature

the amount of heat in the body that is a balance between the amount of heat produced and the amount lost by the body

bone loss

osteoporosis

bowel program

program that manipulates factors within a person's control (timing of defecation, exercise, diet) to produce a regular pattern of comfortable defecation without medication or enemas

brain stem

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

breathing

movement of air into and out of the lungs

brittle bones

Osteogenesis imperfecta is a congenital bone disease caused by a collagen deficiency.

burns

tissue damage and cell death caused by heat, electricity, UV radiation, or chemicals

call light

means to communicate to staff a need for assistance. The call light should be available to the resident at all times

cancer

any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

emergency procedure consisting of external cardiac compressions and artificial ventilation

cardiovascular system

The transport system of the body responsible for carrying oxygen and nutrients to the body and carrying away carbon dioxide and other wastes; composed of the heart, blood vessels, and blood.

care impaired

Usual role has been reduced or otherwise compromised .

care plan

A plan developed for each resident to achieve certain goals; it outlines the steps and tasks that the care team must perform.

care planning

"The process of organizing and documenting the specific goals in the treatment of an individual patient, amending the goals as the patient's condition requires, and assessing the outcomes of care"

cast

stiff dressing used to immobilize various body parts

cataract

clouding of the lens of the eye

catheter

Tube inserted into vessels or body cavities to permit injection or withdrawal of fluids or to keep a passage open. ex foley, intrauterine

catheter care

thorough cleaning of the perineal area (especially around the urethra) and the catheter tubing that extends outside of the body, to prevent infection

cc's in an ounce

-There are 30 cc's (mL) in 1 ounce of fluid.

central nervous system

made up of the brain and spinal cord

chain of command

the order of authority within a facility

charge nurse

registered nurse or licensed practical nurse;supervises the other nurses for a particular shift

chemical disinfection

A chemical that destroys, neutralizes, or Inhibits the growth of disease-carrying microorganisms.

chemotherapy

The use of drugs to treat diseases such as cancer

choking

Food or foreign object blocks the airway or throat.

chronic

continuing for a long time

circulation

movement of substances in body fluids. Network of arteries and veins.

circulatory system

Transports oxygen, waste, nutrients, hormones, heat, etc... around the body

clear liquid diet

a diet that consists of foods that are liquid at room temperature and leave little residue in the intestine. Ex: Water, Sprite, Ginger Ale, all beverages without any residue, broth, Jello

Clergy

A body of officials who perform religious services, such as priests, ministers or rabbis.

cognition

the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating

cognitively impaired

loss of ability to think logically; concentration and memory are affected

cold application

a simple and effective nonpharmacologic intervention for pain management increasing pain threshold and decreasing inflammation using a cold compress or ice pack.

cold pack

A pack of natural or synthetic ice that is applied to any injury in order to minimize blood flow in the area to control the injury

colostomy

a surgical operation that creates an opening from the colon to the surface of the body

Colostomy care

Keep the patient as free of odors as possible; empty the appliance frequently.
Inspect the patient's stoma regularly.
Note the size.
Keep the skin around the stoma site clean and dry.
Measure the patient's fluid intake and output.
Explain each aspect of care to the patient and self-care role.
Encourage patient to care for and look at ostomy.

coma

a state of being unaware to react or respond to people, places, or things.

combative resident

Resident is sometimes uncooperative and may refuse care and/or strike out at staff

communicable

contagious, transmittable by direct or indirect means

communication

A process through which you send messages to and receive messages from others.

competency evaluation

an exam consisting of a written portion and a skills portion that must be passed at the end of the nursing assistant training course to obtain certification

conduct

Behavior or a person's actions