T/F Vert Zoo Exam 3

Most primitive living fish are neopterygii

F - Actinopterygii

There are 2 groups of neopterygii teleost and holosteii (primitive neopterygiians)

T

primitive neopterygiians: abundant group of fish in paleozoic era

F - Mesozoic

Primitive neopterygii may have been out competed by actinopterygii

F

teleosts are modern or advanced neopterygiians

T

PRIMITIVE NEOPTERYGIIANS - Examples are bowfin and grouper

F - Bowfin and gar

Bowfin and gar both have bony skeletons, ganoid or cycloid scales, gas bladder that functions as accessory lung

T

A fish that has a connection between the swim bladder and esophagus, allowing it to gulp air and regulate buoyancy is a physoclyst.

F - physostome

Bowfin and gar are physoclyst

F - physostome

Bowfin and gar have digestive tract with spiral valve, and homocercal tail

F - heterocercal

Gar has a long body with snout that allows quick acceleration

T

Gar has ctenoid scales

F - ganoid

Gar are carnivorous

T

Gar feed on insects

F - feed on other fishes

Gar have sharp needlelike teeth and have good camouflage

T

Gar live in saltwater

F - river, lakes, estuaries

Alligator gar are the smallest of the gars

F - They are the largest

Other names for bowfin are grinnel, mudfish, dogfish, cotton fish

T

The bowfin head is covered in ganoid scales.

F - head covered with bony plates

bowfin -body covered with cycloid

T

Bowfin live in lakes, streams, and swamps

T

Bowfin are good fish for nutrition

F - Trash fish = not good to eat

Bowfin are herbivores

F - carnivores

Teleosts are the most advanced bony fish

T

Teleosts first appear in Jurassic and then abundant by cretaceous

F - first appear in triassic and ubundant by cretaceous (T - Teleost - Triassic)

Teleosts are 69% of living fish species

F - 96% of living fish species

Teleosts have cycloid or ctenoid scales

T

Teleosts have fatty liver for buoyancy

F - gas bladder for buoyancy control

Teleosts = physoclists

T

physoclists are fishes that lack a connection between the gas bladder and the alimentary canal, with the bladder serving only as a buoyancy organ

T

Teleosts have heterocercal tails

F - homocercal tails

Mudskipper walk using specialized pectoral fins

T

Mudskipper eyes focus better in water than air

F - eyes focus better in air than water

Mudskipper skin and mouth cavity are highly vascularized for oxygen exchange

T

Mudskipper can only survive outside of water for short periods

F - can survive outside of water for long periods

Mudskipper inhabit trenches

F - inhabit shorelines

Flying fish pectoral fins used as wings to glide through the water

F -pectoral fins used as wings to glide through the air

Flying fish tail fins help accelerate and propel out of water

T

Flying fish are only found in Atlantic waters

F - found in gulf of mexico

most teleosts are gonochoristic

T

Most teleosts are hermaphroditic

F - most are gonochoristic but some hermaphroditic

Protogynous = male to female

F - female to male

Example of protogynous = anemone fish

F - bluehead wrasse = protogynous

protandrous = male to female

T

Bluehead wrasse = protandrous fish

F - anemone fish = protandrous fish

Teleosts use internal fertilization

F - external

Teleosts have low fecundity

F - high fecundity

Teleosts are the most diverse group of fishes

T

Teleosts only have a few niches

F - adapt to wide variety of niches in the aquatic environment

fusiform shaped fish are specialized for short bursts of swimming

F - fusiform shaped fish are specialized for fast prolonged cruising

compressed shape fish are slow, but good at maneuvering

T

Compressed fish = left eye flounder

T

left eye flounder is laterally compressed

T

left eye flounder can lay on its side with both eyes up

T

fish are good at all 3 movement types: cruising, accelerations, and maneuvering

T

first amphibian like tetrapods appear in fossil record during the Silurian period

F - Devonian

salamanders are the most abundant amphibian

F - frogs are the most abundant amphibian

advantages to surviving on land = food availability, avoidance of competition, avoidance of predators, survival during dry seasons

T

A change that amphibians underwent = lungs have decreased surface area

F - lungs have increased surface area

A change that amphibians underwent = double circulation pattern

T

A change that amphibians underwent = well developed limbs for locomotion

T

A change that amphibians underwent = more developed limb bones to support appendages but girdle bones are still poorly developed.

F - more developed limb and girdle bones to support appendages

Amphibians still have lateral line system

F - loss of lateral line system

Sarcopterygiians = well developed lobe fins with homologous bones

T

Sarcopterygiians = still cartilaginous skeletons

F - well ossified skeleton (bony)

Tetrapods = earliest fossils from late silurian

F - devonian

Tetrapods are associated with saltwater

F - associated with freshwater

2 of the earliest tetrapods = icthyostega and acanthostega

T

Ichthyostega = fish with amphibian like features

F - amphibian with fish like features

Amphibians lost electric sensors and electrical organs

T

Amphibians have a decreased development of hearing and vision

F - increased development of hearing and vision

Tetrapods had - caudal fin, scales, internal gills, opercular bones over gills, sharp sturdy teeth, vertebral column advanced, well developed limbs and girdles

T

Tetrapods had poorly developed necks and snouts so they were slower to catch prey

F - distinct neck and snout = quick sideways movements when capturing prey

Tetrapods radiate during cretaceous period

F - radiate during carboniferous period

largest of the tetrapods = mastodonsaurus

T

Tetrapods decline in Triassic period

F - late Permian

first fossil frogs and salamanders date back to Triassic period

F - date back to Jurassic period

anura = without foot

F - anura = without tail

caudata = tailed

T

apoda = no limbs

T

Living amphibians have well developed limbs, better developed skeleton

T

Living amphibians have 2 major joints per limb

F - 3

Living amphibians have limb girdles

T

Living amphibians do not have an atlas (neck bone)

F - they do have an atlas

Living amphibians have a stiff neck and have difficulty moving their head without moving the body

F - neck bones (atlas) allow movement of head without having to move body

Living amphibians nostrils connect to mouth cavity via “internal nares” → fish nostrils are blind pockets

T

Living amphibians lack teeth for capturing prey

F - they have teeth for capturing prey

Living amphibians have muscles for head movement. These muscles are always separate from the limbs.

F - muscles for head movement, can occur out on the limbs for better limb movements

Living amphibian skin have smooth scales

F - does not have scales

Living amphibian skin is smooth, moist, and permeable to water

T

Amphibian skin is important for respiration

T

Amphibian skin has a thin dermis that is not well vascularized.

F - thin epidermis, well vascularized dermis

Amphibian skin is efficient in gas exchange

T

Amphibians do not molt

F - molting skin = new, fresh skin, growing bigger

Amphibian lungs are the primary site for gas exchange

F - Skin is primary site

Amphibian skin mucous glands help waterproof the skin and prevent desiccation & infection

T

Amphibian skin lacks chromatophores

F - chromatophores = pigment cells in skin - they do have them

Amphibians have cells called melanophores that affect the iridescence of skin

melanophores = brown and grey tones

Amphibian skin can contain poison glands that produce watery poisons that prevent predation

T

tetrodotoxin blocks Ca+ channels in cell membranes

F - tetrodotoxin blocks Na+ channels in cell membranes