uil

(Sully) Prudhomme

1901 \n "in special recognition of his poetic composition, which gives evidence of lofty idealism, artistic perfection, and a rare combination of the qualities of both heart and intellect" \n famous for poems such as "Le vase brise," "Impressions de la guerre," and "La France"

(Christian Matthias Theodor) Mommsen

1902 \n "the greatest living master of the art of historical writing, with special reference to his monumental work, A History of Rome" \n known as a historian \n his History of Rome detailed only up to Caesar's rule: as a fervent admirer of Caesar, he thought he was not good enough to write about him

(Bjornstjerne Martinus) Bjornson

1903 \n "as a tribute to his noble, magnificent, and versatile poetry, which has always been distinguished by both the freshness of its inspiration and the rare purity of its spirit" \n known as one of the Four Great Norwegian poets (Henrik Ibsen, Jonas Lie, Alexander Kielland) \n wrote lyrics to Norwegian anthem \n is known for peasant tales such as Synnove Solbakken, Mellern Slagene (Between the Battles), and Sigurd Slambe (Sigurd the Bad)

(Frederic) Mistral

1904 (A) \n "in recognition of the fresh originality and true inspiration of his poetic production, which faithfully reflects the natural scenery and native spirit of his people, and, in addition, his significant work as a Provencal poet" \n founded Felibrige \n famous for Occitan Literature \n "Cours familier de litterature"

(Jose) Echegaray (y Eizaguirre)

1904 (B) \n "in recognition of the numerous and brilliant compositions which, in an individual and original manner, have revived the great traditions of the Spanish drama" \n known for melodramas like El Gran Galeoto, Mariana, and El Loco Dios

(Henryk) Sienkiewicz

1905 \n "because of his outstanding merits as an epic writer" \n known in Poland for his historical fiction trilogy comprising With Fire and Sword, the Deluge, and Sir Michael \n internationally known for Quo Vadis, a story of about Nero's Rome

(Giosue) Carducci

\n 1906 \n "not only in consideration of his deep learning and deep research, but above all as a tribute to the creative energy, freshness of style, and lyrical force which characterize his poetic masterpieces" \n known for Rime Nuove (New Rhymes) and Odi Barbare (Barbarian Odes)

(Rudyard) Kipling

1907 \n "in consideration of the power of observation, originality of imagination, virility of ideas, and remarkable talent for narration which characterize the creations of this world-famous author" \n known for "The Jungle Book," "Just So Stories," "Gunga Din," and "If--"

(Rudolf Christoph) Eucken

1908 \n "in recognition of his earnest search for truth, his penetrating power of thought, his wide range of vision, and the warmth and strength and presentation with which his numerous works he has vindicated and developed an ideal philosophy of life" \n known for "The Problem of Human Life as Viewed by the Great Thinkers," "Can We Still Be Christians?" "Socialism: An Analysis," "The Life of the Spirit"

(Selma Ottilia Lovisa) Lagerloef

1909 \n "in appreciation of the lofty idealism, vivid imagination, and spiritual perception that characterize her writings" \n known for the children's book "The Wonderful Adventures of Nils" \n a stairway in Jerusalem is named after her because she got a German-Jewish writer and her mother out of Nazi Germany

(Paul Johann Ludwig) Heyse

1910 \n "as a tribute to the consummate artistry, permeated with idealism, which he has demonstrated as his long productive career as a lyric poet, dramatist, novelist, and writer of world-renowned short stories" \n member of Tunnel uber der Spree and Die Krokodile \n known for "Das Tal von Espigno" and "Marion"

(Count Maurice Polidore Marie Bernhard) Maeterlinck

1911 \n "in appreciation of his many-sided literary activities, and especially of his dramatic works, which are distinguished by a wealth of imagination and by a poetic fancy, which reveals, sometimes in the guise of a fairy tale, a deep inspiration, while in a mysterious way they appeal to the readers' own feelings and stimulate their imaginations" \n Belgian Symbolist \n known for Princess Maleine, the Intruder, the Blind, and Palleas and Melisande

(Gerhart Johann Robert) Hauptmann

1912 \n "primarily in recognition of his fruitful, varied and outstanding production in the realm of dramatic art" \n known for The Beaver Coat, The Assumption of Hannele, Drayman Henschel, The Sunken Bell

(Rabindranath) Tagore

1913 \n "because of his profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful verse, by which, with consummate skill, he has made his poetic thought, expressed in his own English words, a part of the literature of the West" \n known for Gitanjali (Song Offerings), Gora (Fair Faced), Ghare Baire (The Home and the World), and India's national anthem, Jana Gana Mana

(Romain) Rolland

1915 \n "as a tribute to the lofty idealism of his literary production and to the sympathy and love of truth with which he has described different types of human beings" \n known for Voyage Interieur, Colas Breugnon, Peguy

(Carl Gustaf Verner) von Heidenstam

1916 \n "in recognition of his significance as the leading representative of a new era in our literature" \n known for Hans Alienus, The Charles Men, Nya Dikter

(Henrik) Pontoppidan

1917 (A)
"for his authentic descriptions of present-day life in Denmark"
member of the Modern Break-Through
known for Village Pictures

(Karl Adolph) Gjellerup

1917 (B) \n "for his varied and rich poetry, which is inspired by lofty ideals" \n member of the Modern Break-Through \n aka Epigonos \n known for Minna, The Mill, The Pilgrim Kamanita, The World Roamers, The Holiest Animal

(Carl Friedrich Georg) Spitteler

1919 \n "in special appreciation of his epic, Olympian Spring" \n aka Carl Felix Tandem \n known for Prometheus and Epimetheus, Extramundana, Two Little Misogynists

(Knut Pedersen) Hamsun

1920 \n "for his monumental work, Growth of the Soil" \n known for Mysteries, Pan, Victoria, "the Nordland Novels" \n stream of consciousness

(Anatole) France

1921 \n "in recognition of his brilliant literary achievements, characterized as they are by a nobility of style, a profound human sympathy, grace, and a true Gallic temperament" \n known for Le Crime de Sylvestre Bonnard (The Crime of Sylvestre Bonnard), La Rotisserie de la Reine Pedauque, Les Opinions de Jerome Coignard \n signed Emile Zola's J'accuse! for Alfred Dreyfus \n elected to Academie francaise

(Jacinto) Benavente

1922
"for the happy manner in which he has continued the illustrious traditions of the Spanish drama"
rumored homosexual

criticized Socialism
known for Titania

1922 \n "for the happy manner in which he has continued the illustrious traditions of the Spanish drama" \n rumored homosexual; criticized Socialism \n known for Titania, The Bonds of Interest

(William Butler) Yeats

1923 \n "for his always inspired poetry, which in a highly artistic form gives expression to the spirit of a whole nation" \n famous for his turbulent relationship with Maud Gonne \n known for The Wanderings of Oisin, "A Man Young and Old," "Easter, 1916," "The Second Coming"

(Wladyslaw Stanislaw) Reymont

1924 \n "for his great national epic, The Peasants" \n known for Chlopi (The Peasants), Correspondence, The Deceiver, The Vampire, The Promised Land

(George Bernard) Shaw

1925 \n "for his work which is marked by both idealism and humanity, its stimulating satire often being infused with a singular poetic beauty" \n known for Pygmalion, The Black Girl In Search of God and some Other Tales, The Chocolate Soldier, The Doctor's Dilemma, Arms and the Man

(Grazia) Deledda

1926 \n "for her idealistically inspired writings which with plastic clarity picture the life on her native island and with depth and sympathy deal with human problems in general" \n known for Canne al vento, After the Divorce, Ashes, the Mother

(Henri) Bergson

\n 1927 \n "in recognition of his rich and vitalizing ideas and the brilliant skill with which they have been presented" \n philosopher known for Time and Free Will, Matter and Memory, Creative Evolution, The Two Sources of Morality and Religion

(Sigrid) Undset

1928 \n "principally for her powerful descriptions of Northern life during the Middle Ages" \n known for trilogy Kristin Lavransdatter, the four-book series The Master of Hestviken

(Thomas) Mann

1929 \n "principally for his great novel, Buddenbrooks, which has won steadily increased recognition as one of the classic works of contemporary literature" \n known for The Magic Mountain, Doktor Faustus, The Confessions of Felix Krull \n he was bisexual

(Sinclair) Lewis

1930 \n "for his vigorous and graphic art of description and his ability to create, with wit and humour, new types of characters" \n as he was American, he is on a postage stamp \n known for It Can't Happen Here, The Innocents, Arrowsmith, Our Mr. Wrenn

(Erik Axel) Karlfeldt

1931 \n His poetry (actual quote mentions his name and is very short) \n this award was given posthumously, as he declined the award like a crazy person in 1919 \n Swede known for collections Arcadia Borealis and The North! To The North

(John) Galsworthy

1932 \n "for his distinguished art of narration which takes its highest form in The Forsyte Saga" \n English novelist and playwright known for A Modern Comedy and End of the Chapter \n his plays address the class system

(Ivan Alekseyevich) Bunin

1933
"for the strict artistry with which he has carried on the classical Russian traditions in prose writing"
Russie anti-commie known for The Village

(Luigi) Pirandello

1934 \n "for his bold and ingenious revival of dramatic and scenic art" \n Italian playwright known for Six Characters In Search of an Author \n he was in love with his cousin \n his style was theater of the absurd

(Eugene) O'Neill

\n 1936 \n "for the power, honesty and deep-felt emotions of his dramatic works, which embody an original concept of tragedy" \n he was known for pessimistic and tragic plays \n Irish American playwright known for Ah, Wilderness! (his only comedy), Long Day's Journey Into Night, Anna Christie, Mourning Becomes Electra, Strange Interlude

(Roger Martin du) Gard

\n 1937 \n "for the artistic power and truth with which he has depicted human conflict as well as some fundamental aspects of contemporary life in his novel-cycle Les Thibault" \n French novelist known for The Postman, Jean Barois (against the Dreyfus affair), Lieutenant-Colonel de Maumort

(Pearl) Buck

1938 \n for her rich and truly epic descriptions of peasant life in China and for her biographical masterpieces" \n American daughter of Jesuit missionaries in China, known for The Good Earth, Sons, A House Divided, China Sky, Dragon Seed, Peony, The Big Wave

(Frans Eemil) Sallanpaa

1939 \n "for his deep understanding of his country's peasantry and the exquisite art with which he has portrayed their way of life and their relationship with Nature" \n first Finnish writer to win the Nobel Prize in Lit, he wrote Fallen Asleep While Young, Meek Heritage, People in the Summer Night, and other novels

(Johannes Vilhelm) Jensen

1944 \n for the rare strength and fertility of his poetic imagination with which is combined an intellectual curiosity of wide scope and a bold, freshly creative style" \n Danish author whose sister Thit was an early feminist; known for The Fall of the King, The Long Journey, Christopher Columbus, Rudyard Kipling, and other autobiographies and fictional works

(Gabriela) Mistral

1945 \n "for her lyric poetry which, inspired by powerful emotions, has made her name a symbol of the idealistic aspirations of the entire Latin American world" \n pseudonym for Chilean poet, early feminist, first Latin American, and only Latin American woman to win the Nobel prize, Lucila Godoy Alceyaga \n her poems are inspired by many suicides in her family and group of friends \n poet and educator known for Sonnets of Death, Tenderness, Despair, Readings for Women, Harvesting

(Hermann) Hesse

1946 \n "for his inspired writings which, while growing in boldness and penetration, exemplify the classical humanitarian ideals and high qualities of style" \n Swiss poet and novelist known for Steppenwolf, Siddhartha, and The Glass Bead Game, Demian

(Andre Paul Guillaume) Gide

1947 \n "for his comprehensive and artistically significant writings, in which human problems and conditions have been presented with a fearless love of truth and keen psychological insight" \n French novelist and biographer in the symbolist and anticolonialist movements. Quote: "Everything has been said before, but since nobody listens, we have to keep going back and beginning all over again" \n known for Fruits of the Earth, The Immoralist, Strait is the Gate, Oscar Wilde

\

(Thomas Stearns) Eliot

1948
"for his outstanding

(William) Faulkner

1949
"for his powerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American novel"
American novelist known for books set in the South like A Fable

(Bertrand Arthur William) Russell

1950
in recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought"
English earl who led the revolt against idealism

(Par Fabian) Lagerkvist

1951
"for the artistic vigour and true independence of mind with which he endeavours in his poetry to find answers to the eternal questions confronting mankind"
Swedish poet and novelist who used Christian ideals without actually following the doctrines as he liked to explore worlds completely devoid of any kind of deity
known for The Difficult Hour

(Francois) Mauriac

1952
"for the deep spiritual insight and the artistic intensity with which he has in his novels penetrated the drama of human life"
French poet and playwright known for The Desert of Love

(Winston) Churchill

1953
"for his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant oratory in defending exalted human values"
because he's amazing and fantastic

(Ernest) Hemingway

1954
for his mastery of the art of narrative

(Halldor Kiljan) Laxness

1955
"for his vivid epic power which has renewed the great narrative art of Iceland"
only laureate of Iceland so far

approved of the Soviet system
known for Child of Nature

Salka Valka

(Juan Ramon) Jimenez

1956
"for his lyrical poetry

(Albert) Camus

1957
"for his important literary production

(Boris) Pasternak

1958
"for his important achievement both in contemporary lyrical poetry and in the field of the great Russian epic tradition"
Russian author and literary translator known for Doctor Zhivago

(Salvatore) Quasimodo

1959
"for his lyrical poetry

(Saint-John) Perse

1960
"for the soaring flight and the evocative imagery of his poetry which in a visionary fashion reflects the conditions of our time"
French poet who lived in both America and France but declined a teaching position at Harvard

he is known for Eloges

Amers

(Ivo) Andric

1961
"for the epic force with which he has traced themes and depicted human destinies drawn from the history of his country"
Bosnian novelist and short story writer known for The Bridge on the Drina

(John) Steinbeck

1962
"for his realistic and imaginative writings

Salinas

Monterey

(Giorgos) Seferis

1963
"for his eminent lyrical writing

(Jean-Paul) Sartre

1964
"for his work which

(Mikhail) Sholokov

1965
for the artistic power and integrity with which

(Nelly) Sachs

1966 (A)
"for her outstanding lyrical and dramatic writing

Collected Poems 1: 1944-49

(Shmuel Yosef) Agnon

1966 (B)
for his profoundly characteristic narrative art with motifs from the life of the Jewish people"
Ukrainian-Israeli writer known as one of the most influential Hebrew poets

known for Forsaken Wives

The Bridal Canopy

(Miguel) Asturias

1967
"for his vivid literary achievement

(Yasunari) Kawabata

1967
"for his narrative mastery

(Samuel) Beckett

1969
"for his writing

(Aleksandr) Solzhenitsyn

1970
"for the ethical force with which he has pursued the indispensable traditions of Russian literature"
Russian novelist

(Pablo) Neruda

1971
"for a poetry that with the action of an elemental force brings alive a continent's destiny and dreams"
Chilean poet aka Neftali Ricardo Reyes Basoalto
adviser to Salvador Allende
surrealist and love poet known for "If You Forget Me

(Heinrich) Boll

1972
"for his writing which through its combination of a broad perspective on his time and a sensitive skill in characterization has contributed to a renewal of German literature"
born in Cologne

his writing focused on the people and the negative effects of the World Wars
known for The Train Was On Time

Billiards at Half-Past Nine

(Patrick) White

1973
"for an epic and psychological narrative art which has introduced a new continent into literature"
Australian stream-of-consciousness known for Happy Valley

(Harry) Martinson

1974 (A)
"for writings that catch the dewdrop and reflect the cosmos"
Swedish Modernist author known for Flowering Nettles

(Eyvind) Johnson

1974 (B)
"for a narrative art

(Eugenio) Montale

1975
"for his distinctive poetry which

(Saul) Bellow

1976
"for the human understanding and subtle analysis of contemporary culture that are combined in his work"
American author who won the National Book Award 3 times

almae matres: U of Chicago

Northwestern
JEWISH
known for The Adventures of Augie March

(Vicente) Aleixandre

1977
"for a creative poetic writing which illuminates man's condition in the cosmos and in present-day society

known for Passion of the Earth

Destruction or Love

(Isaac Bashevis) Singer

1978
"for his impassioned narrative art which

(Odysseas) Elytis

1979
"for his poetry

(Czeslaw) Milosz

1980
"who with uncompromising clear-sightedness voices man's exposed condition in a world of severe conflicts"
Lithuanian anti-Stalinist poet who taught Slavic languages at UC Berkeley known for The Captive Mind

(Elias) Canetti

1981
"for writings marked by a broad outlook

(Gabriel Garcia) Marquez

1982
"for his novels and short stories

(William) Golding

1983
"for his novels which

(Jaroslav) Seifert

1984
"for his poetry which endowed with freshness

(Claude) Simon

1985
"who in his novel combines the poet's and the painter's creativeness with a deepened awareness of time in the depiction of the human condition"
French novelist of the nouveau roman style known for The Flanders Road

(Wole) Soyinka

1986
"who in a wide cultural perspective and with poetic overtones fashions the drama of existence"
Nigerian author who was imprisoned during the Nigerian Civil War and now teaches at Loyola Marymount LA

(Joseph) Brodsky

1987
for an all-embracing authorship

(Naguib) Mahfouz

1988
"who

(Camilo Jose) Cela

1989
"for a rich and intensive prose

(Octavio) Paz

1990
"for impassioned writing with wide horizons

(Nadine) Gordimer

1991
"who through her magnificent epic writing has - in the words of Alfred Nobel - been of very great benefit to humanity"
South African writer active in HIV/AIDS causes known for The Conservationist

(Derek) Walcott

1992
"for a poetic oeuvre of great luminosity

(Toni) Morrison

1993
"who in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic import

(Kenzaburo) Oe

1994
"who with poetic force creates an imagined world