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When was the Fugitive Slave Act enacted?
1850
Who coined the term “self-emancipation”?
Henry Bibb
When did the term “self-emancipation” get coined?
1853
What was the ultimate safe area for escaped slaves?
Canada
What artworks are well-known for depicting self-emancipated people?
On to Liberty and A Ride for Liberty
Who made On to Liberty and when was it made?
Theodor Kaufmann 1867
Who made A Ride for Liberty and when was it made?
Eastman Johnson 1862
How did self-emancipated people navigate during the night?
Stars
What is Big Dipper also known as?
Ursa Major
What is Big Dipper known colloquially by African Americans?
Drinking gourd
How many stars in Big Dipper point towards the North Star?
2
What is the North Star also known as?
Polaris
What was the final major obstacle to cross for escaped slaves?
The Ohio River
Robert S. Duncanson had what heritage?
Black and European American
What was Robert S. Duncanson’s home city?
Cincinnati
What series is Untitled #13 (Trees and Reflections) from?
Night Coming Tenderly
Who made the artwork, Untitled #13 (Trees and Reflections)?
Dawoud Bey
How long was Dawoud Bey’s career?
Nearly 50 years
When was “Night Coming Tenderly, Black” made?
2017
What is the journey of fugitives after they cross into Ohio?
Go to Cleveland, then port on Lake Erie, then boat to Canada
Where did Dawoud Bey select sites for his series “Night Coming Tenderly, Black”?
Last 50 miles of the route
Where was Dawoud Bey born?
Queens, New York
When was Dawoud Bey born?
1953
What was Dawoud Bey’s first major photographic project?
Harlem USA
When was Harlem USA completed?
1979
Where did Dawoud Bey graduate from?
Yale University School of ArtW
What did Dawoud Bey graduate with?
Master in Fine Arts
When did Dawoud Bey graduate?
1993
When did Dawoud Bey get a MacArthur Fellowship?
2017
What is a MacArthur Fellowship also known as?
Genius Grant
In the early part of Bey’s career, what was he mostly known for?
Portraits and Photographs of urban Black life
What type of photographers dominated street photography in the mid 1970s?
White Photographers
Who are the important white street photographers?
Walker Evans, Robert Frank, Lee Friedlander, Garry Winogrand
Who was the exception to the dominated street photography?
Roy DeCarava
What was Roy DeCarava known for?
The beauty of his images and prints that had rich, velvety black tones
What did DeCarava publish with Langston Hughes in 1955?
Sweet Flypaper of Life
Where is the title of “Night Coming Tenderly, Black” from Dawoud Bey’s series from?
Langston Hughes’ poem “Dream Variations” in 1926
When did Dawoud Bey’s photographic work shift and to what?
2010s and to Black history
What is the first series on Dawoud Bey’s shift to Black History?
The Birmingham Project in 2012
What does Dawoud Bey’s “The Birmingham Project reflect on?
6 Lives lost due to a bombing in a Baptist church in Birmingham, Alabama in 1963
In 2017, who commissioned Dawoud Bey to investigate the Underground Railroad leading to his first photographs in “Night Coming Tenderly, Black”?
Cleveland Triennial for Contemporary Art
Why is “Night Coming Tenderly, Black” not a documentary project?
Most of the sites were not actually used in the antislavery network
How are the photographs in “Night Coming Tenderly, Black” printed?
Large scale via gelatin silver printing
When was gelatin silver printing first developed?
1890
How does gelatin silver printing work?
Silver halides suspended in gelatin, creating a light-sensitive surface
Why is gelatin silver printing used?
Allows extreme command over black and white tones
How large is Untitled #13 (Trees and Reflections)?
4 by 5 feet
What does the dark nature of the photographs in “Night Coming Tenderly, Black” represent?
Uncertainty and dread that were with escaped slaves
When was Untitled #13 (Trees and Reflections) shot?
Daytime
What do the photographs, especially Untitled #1 (Picket Fence and Farmhouse) in “Night Coming Tenderly, Black,” stress about the sites?
Their unnmonumental nature
Why does Untitled #13 (Trees and Reflections) not show human figures like 19th century paintings?
It wants to ask the viewer to imagine trying to move through this darkness
What sites were often used as way-stations for the Underground Railroad?
Private homes, barns, sheds, outbuildings