Gov. Final

3 purposes of a constitution

1. sets up the rules of gov. and the structure

2. sets up the powers of different positions

3. gives rights

kinds of cases the supreme court reviews

1. disputes between states

2. federal gov. level conflicts and actions

3. constitutionality (anything questions your rights)

purpose of the Philadelphia convention

best delegates from every state come together to revise AoC

difference between New Jersey and Virginia plans

NJ: base congress on equal representation
VA: representation based on population

influence of John Locke on constitution

• the state of man (if no government, 2 people will just form a new one)

• have to have citizens who give gov. consent

• every gov. has to be limited and based on the majority

• a gov. job is to protect the rights of the people

• the last result is to revolt and start a new gov.

application of the social contract

government will protect but people have to follow rules and have loyalty in return

ways that laws can be created outside of congress

• executive orders by President

• new rulings from the Supreme Court

Articles of Confederation powers

declare war, appoint military officers, sign treaties, make alliances, appoint foreign ambassadors, and manage relations with Indians
most power was in the states

effects of Shay's Rebellion

accelerated calls to reform the AoC and resulting in the Philadelphia Convention

advantages of incumbency

• people know you

• funding (you have more donors and money support)

• have experience, proof, and friends in high places

• you know how to win (strategy)

how the window of privacy was created by the Supreme Court

Griswold V. Connecticut

4th amendment protections

• right to be secure from unreasonable search and seizure

• need warrants with probable cause

• need reasonable suspicion

2 senators from ohio

JD Vance and Sherrod Brown

how writs are used in the supreme court

most cases already looked at by lower courts and lawyer wants Supreme Court to make certain

Pork Barrels

the amount of money one single person gets for their voters

behaviors of a constituency

• representation

• legislation

• providing constituents with help or aid

• elections

constitutional requirements of becoming president

• natural born citizen

• 35 years old

• 14 years consecutive residency

the strategy of a filibuster

to delay or block a vote by preventing the debate from ending

steps of the impeachment process

1. house investigates through impeachment inquiry

2. HoR must vote to pass (grand jury)

3. senate tries the accused

freedoms of the first amendment

1. speech

2. religion

3. press

4. assembly

5. protest

how districts are represented in congress

each district has one representative

the role of clerks in SC

• hired by justices, filter cases that go through the SC

• review and take a stance (the gatekeepers)

role of conference committees

senate and house trying to combine and blend laws together that were made separate

ways a president can leave office

death, resignation, impeachment, temporary inability, permanent inability

preamble

We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.

role of committees in congress

legislative oversight (life blood of congress)

significance of 538 in congress

how many electoral votes there are

role of joint chiefs of staff

the highest commanding officers to advise president

role of chief justice

sets the agenda, tie-breaker, middle person, can put any case he wants without any other vote, writes the opinion

problems of the Bureaucracy

performance and lack of accountability

regulatory departments of the bureaucracy

-Department of State
-Treasury Department
-Department of Defense
-Department of Justice
-Department of the Interior
-Department of Agriculture
-Department of Commerce
-Department of Labor
-Department of Transportation
-Department of Housing and Urban Development
-Department of Health and Human Services
-Department of Energy
-Department of Education
-Department of Veterans Affairs
-Department of Homeland Security

types of committees in congress

• select

• joint

• conference

• standing

the purpose of the bureaucracy

formulate, enact, and enforce public policy in an efficient and equitable manner

original purpose of government by founding fathers

Securing fundamental individual rights, as well as the rights of the people as a whole to govern themselves through consent

Rousseau's social contract

the first model of government is families

the levels of government in America

legislative, judicial, and executive

the ways the 10th amendment can be applied

allows for states to create specific guidelines and regulations separate from the federal government

the responsibilities of commander in chief

• leader of high level military decisions

• civilian control

• deployment of troops outside of declaration of war

• shoot off nuclear weapons and in charge of nuclear defense

responsibility of attorney general

district attorney for America, decides to bring cases to federal court

why a case can be appealed

there was thought there was error in the trial procedures or judge's interpretation of the law

liberal and conservative preference to the size of governments

• conservative: think government should worry about individual people and rights

• liberal: think government should worry about people as a whole

what it means to set judicial precedent

a court decision that is considered as authority for deciding subsequent cases involving identical or similar facts, or similar legal issues

topics of the 5th amendment

criminal proceedings, due process, eminent domain, double jeopardy, protection from self-incrimination, grand jury

actions of political parties

• represent people and ideologies

• manage campaigns

• help form legislation

• communicate with lobbyists

topics of the 6th amendment

right to speedy and public trial, impartial jury, and right to counsel

actions of the electoral college

• 538 votes, each elector casts one vote and whatever candidate gets to 270 first wins

• votes divided and given based on how many people in congress for state

presidential role stated in the constitution

head of state and head of government, responsible for the execution and enforcement of laws created by congress

difference between federalists and anti-federalists

federalists are for the constitution

kinds of federal courts

• U.S. district courts (94)

• U.S. court of appeals (13)

• Supreme Court

role of president pro tempore

president elects, "for the temporary", when president of senate is gone

how does congress represent different areas of American politics?

they represent both local and national issues

jobs of whips

considered leadership position, in charge of votes... the predictors by going to everyone and counting who will vote and then tells majority leader or speaker to push back if not enough votes

process of passing federal budget

President writes and congress edits and approves

influence of factions

they can hire lobbyists to talk to congress members, advance political agendas

the actions of chief executive

• faithfully executes the laws of the nation

• lead bureaucracy

• make executive orders

• pardons

scenarios of chief diplomat

signs treaties and agreements, promotes prosperity and ensure economic stability, is the leader of democracy, tries to keep world peace

definition of red tape

referring to regulations or conformity to formal rules or standards which are claimed to be excessive, rigid or redundant, or to bureaucracy claimed to hinder or prevent action or decision-making

the role of the plaintiff

the victim/complainer

cases tried in civil courts

lawsuits (someone seeking financial compensation)

supreme court process

1. clerk filters through the cases and gives the ones they think are best to justices

2. justices read notes and have a list of cases they want

3. conference on FRIDAY

4. if some agree, take on the case (The chief justice can do whatever case he wants)

5. most important happen in fall and on top of the docket

6. majority wins

7. chief justice writes opinion (new law)

8. minority can write an opinion, concurring opinions (agree but voted for a different reason), dissenting opinion (don't agree with anyone)

the result of judicial activism

to change America

bipartisanship

both parties working together, shows compromise

most common type of committees in congress

standing committees

professional life of Jack Abramoff

lobbyist: chain person between American people and government

advantages/disadvantages of ear marks

advantages: additional spending, doesn't have to relate to the bill, be for a good cause
disadvantages: encourages corruption, could go out of control

4 levels of bureaucratic departments

cabinet departments,
independent executive agencies,
regulatory agencies,
and government corporations

reason for a docket in supreme court

termed schedule of cases

result of strict constructionism

an old and irrelevant way to interpret, a literal way of reading it (could be out of touch for modern time)

why the constitution was passed/ratified

to create a government with enough power to act on a national level, but without so much power that fundamental rights would be at risk (added bill of rights to help regular people)

advantages of habeas corpus

protects you from just getting thrown in jail and ensures the police don't become the judge and jury and to go through as quick as you can

congressional gridlock

when laws are stuck because there is so much division

structure of government under articles of confederation

a unicameral (one-house) legislature (often called the Continental Congress); there was no national executive or judiciary. Delegates to Congress were appointed by the state legislatures, and each state had one vote

definition of bi-cameral

two-house legislative system

power of the chief of party

• shape platform ideas

• leading the party and party agenda

• campaigning and campaign support (endorsement and funding) (stump speeches: helping other people win)

definition of Stare Decisis

let the decision stand (lower court rulings stand)

role of the presidential cabinet

to advise the President on any subject he or she may require relating to the duties of each member's respective office

implementation of original intent

the notion that the judiciary should interpret the Constitution (including its amendments) in accordance with the understanding of its framers

roles of lobbyists

a spokesperson for the American people to the government, hired by factions and groups to share info., data, and money to congressional members

Madisonian model of government participation

• indirect (electoral college)

• direct (HoR, senate, state, local)

• appointment (supreme court, cabinet)

positions appointed by the president

supreme court, cabinet, ambassadors

two factors of original jurisdiction

suits between two or more states and/or cases involving ambassadors and other public minister

legislative process of how a bill becomes a law

1. intro: where bill is introduced by a congressional member, don't want to introduce without showing it to get sponsorship and support

2. committees provide legislative oversight

3. floor: senate and house vote and debate

difference in focus points between house and senate

house: local, problems
senate: national, progress

the role of bail/bonds play in the judicial process

to get people to come back to court if released or keeps people in

difference between civil and criminal court cases

Civil cases usually involve disputes between people or organizations while criminal cases allege a violation of a criminal law

supreme court cases on freedom of speech

Tinker v. Des Moines, Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier

supreme court cases focused on schools and education

Fraser v. Bethel School District, New Jersey v. TLO, Lemon v. Kurtzman (kind of), Tinker v. Des Moines, Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier

role of chief of staff in white house

responsible for directing, managing and overseeing all policy development, daily operations, and staff activities for the President, communicates with all departments

number of justices in SC

9

key number to win electoral college

270

the occurrence of arraignment for an individual

formally accused, meet judge again and for sure have proof you did it

reason why an individual is indicted

officially charged with a crime and you're getting recognized as a suspect

role of a grand jury

decides whether a person should be tried for a serious crime

characteristics of a class action suit

one trial where multiple people combine their cases

how a warrant is presented

An arrest warrant is issued by a judge or magistrate and must be supported by a signed and sworn affidavit showing probable cause that a specific crime has been committed, and that the person(s) named in the warrant committed said crime

why an individual would pursue a plea deal

to get out of jail but still pay

who your favorite teacher is

roads

how many electoral votes Ohio has

18

governor of Ohio

Mike Dewine

the ways OJ Simpson reflected the bill of rights

• doesn't want a grand jury

• doesn't want a speedy trial

• talks about case in 2006, but protected under double jeopardy