Zoology Exam 1 Lecture

incomplete metamorphosis

Insect development consisting of three stages: egg, nymph, and adult

complete metamorphosis

Insect development consisting of four stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult

Animals get there food through?

Ingestion and absorption

Animals are ?

eukaryotic, multicellular organisms

Examples of incomplete metamorphosis:

grasshoppers and crickets, dragonflys

Examples of complete metamorphosis:

moths, butterflys, beetles

phylogenetic tree (cladogram)

A family tree that shows the evolutionary relationships among groups of organisms

Branching points of a phylogenetic tree represent?

Hypothetical common ancestors

Medusa

A cnidarian body plan characterized by a bowl shape and adapted for a free-swimming life.

Polyp Form (Cnidarian)

The tubular form of a cnidarian with a mouth and tentacles at one end and a basal disk (stationary)

medusas produce

sexually via meiosis

polyps reproduce

asexually by budding (mitosis)

radial symmetry

Symmetry about a central axis.

billateral symmetry

Symmetry with two distinct mirror image right and left sides

Cabazon jellyfish are

Highly dangerous

Phylum Platyhelminthes (flatworms) consist of?

Flatworms, flukes, tapeworms, (planaria)

Flatworms are :

free living and parasitic

Flukes are:

parasitic flatworms

Tapeworms are:

parasitic flatworms

Planaria are:

non parasitic free living flatworms

Are flatworms diploblastic or triploblastic?

triploblastic

Tripoblastic

having 3 germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm

Do flatworms have a coelom?

No, they are acoelomates (protostome acoelomates)

Flatworms have what kind of symmetry?

bilateral symmetry (cephalization)

Do flatworms have a complete or incomplete digestive tract?

Incomplete Digestive tract (GV Cavity)

Organs and organ systems begin in the phylum?

Platyhelminthes

Scolex

the anterior end of a tapeworm, bearing suckers and hooks for attachment.

Proglottids

One of the segments of a tapeworm, containing both male and female reproductive organs

tapeworms are aquired by?

eating undercooked beef, pork, or fish

Flukes are aquired by?

raw fish (sushi)

Tapeworms affect?

The small intestine (steals nutrients)

Flukes attack?

The liver

eyespots of planaria (2)

only sense light and dark

The nervous system of flatworms is comprise of ?

2 cerebral ganglia, eyespots, and 2 nerve cords

flame cells and tubules:

excrete nitrogenous waste in planaria

Phylum Cnidaria consists of:

jellyfish, sea anemones, corals

Corals reefs are made of?

calcium carbonate secreted by corals

Each spot in a coral represents?

A polyp

Gastrozooid is :

feeding polyp

Cnidaria have a gastrovascular cavity used to?

Take in Cri items that are partially digested inside GV cavity and digested as nutrients

Cnidaria have what kind of symmetry?

radial symmetry

cnidaria have what kind of digestive tract?

Incomplete (GV Cavity)

Cnidocytes

Cells that house the stingers in cnidarians.

Nematocysts

Stinging harpoons that contain a toxin which is injected into prey or predators when released from cnidocytes.

Are cnidarians diploblastic or triploblastic?

diploblastic

Dipoblastic

animals who have 2 tissues and no organs

Gastrodermis

Cells that line the gastrovascular cavity in cnidarians (absorb nutrients)

Epidermis

Outerlayer used for protection

Mesoglea

in cnidarians, the jellylike material located between the ectoderm and the endoderm

examples of medusa

jellyfish

examples of polyps

hydra, coral, sea anemone

Phylum Rotifera AKA:

wheel bearers

Rotifera are

aquatic, microscopic animals

corona

Anterior extensions that rotate like wheels as they take in food

First phylum to have a complete digestive tract is?

Rotifera

Phylum Mollusca

soft bodied animals, clams, octopus, snails, squid, nautilus

Are molluscs coelomates?

Yes, Protostome coelomates

What are the 4 types of molluscs?

chitins, bivalves, gastropods, cephalopods

examples of gastropods:

snails, slugs, conchs

examples of cephalopods:

squid, octopus, nautilus

examples of bivalves:

clams, oysters, mussels, scallops

Chitons have how many plates?

8

Octopus have?

no shell

Squid have an?

Internal shell

Nautilus have an?

External Shell

Molluscs have 3 part body plan that consists of?

Foot, Mantle, Visceral Mass

Mantle (Mollusca)

part of mollusc that secretes calcium carbonate

foot (Mollusca)

locomotor used for digging

Visceral Mass (Mollusca)

contains internal organs

Cephalization is found in what groups of molluscs?

cephalopods and gastropods

Torsion

counterclockwise rotation of the visceral mass in gastropods

Radula (Mollusca)

a rasp like tongue that has the ability to scrape algae off of rocks

All molluscs have open circulatory system w/ hemolymph except

Cephalopods

Cephalopods have what type of circulatory system?

closed circulatory system (advanced)

hemolymph

the fluid that circulates through the body of an animal that has an open circulatory system

What state has more species of freshwater mussels than any other state in the country?

Alabama

Donax variabilis

Florida coquina (uses its foot frequently to escape into sand)

Where are chitons found and on what do they feed

On rocky coastlines

scrape algae using radula

Vibrio

a bacteria that causes shellfish poisoning in oysters (very effective in summer months)

What do scallops eat?

algae (herbivores)

Scallops eyes described?

Multiple eyes around shell (bright in color)

What part of a scallop do you eat?

adductor muscles

adductor muscles

muscles used to open and close shell

jet propulsion

How cephalopods move, take water up into their mantle and push it out to move them through the water.

What are the rare and expensive shells called?

Cone Shells

cone shells

Carnivores, Paralyze cray items & their prey using a harpoon, Found in Australia

Phylum Annelida (segmented worms) consists of?

earthworms, leeches, sandworms

Segmented worms are?

Polychates

are annelida coelomate, acoelomate, or pseudocoelomate?

protostome coelomates

Annelida have what type of circulatory system?

closed circulatory system w/ interlocking network of blood vessels (true blood)

annelida have what kind of symmetry?

bilateral

Annelida have what kind of digestive tract?

Complete digestive tract

blastopore

mouth

Clitellum (segmented worms)

large ring toward anterior end of body used in sperm transfer and ensures fertilization (reproduction)

the crop of a segmented worm helps with?

softens and moistens food (saliva)

the gizzard of a segmented worm helps with?

mechanical digestion involved in grinding (chewing)

The complete digestive tract of earthworms is made of?

blastopore, crop, gizzard, intestine

Nervous system of segmented worms:

No cephalization, ventral nerve cord

Excretory system of segmented worm includes:

Nephridia