Intro to Programming - Exam 1

CSC 101 Exam 1 on chapters 1-4

program

a set of instructions that a computer follows to perform a task

software

another name for a program

software developers/programmer

creator of programs

hardware

physical devices and components of a computer

CPU

central processing unit; part of the computer that runs programs

ENIAC

considered the first programmable electronic computer; built in 1945 by the US Army

microprocessors

CPUs today; much smaller and more powerful than they used to be

main memory

where the computer stores the program while running (as well as data the program is working with)

RAM

random access memory; CPU is able to quickly access data stored at any random location in it

secondary storage

memory that holds data for a long period of time, even when there is no power to the computer

disk drive

most common type of secondary storage

USB drives and SD cards

(universal serial bus) and (secure digital); small devices that appear in the system as disk drives

CD and DVD

compact disc and digital versatile disc; popular for data storage

input

data collected from outside sources (people, other devices, etc)

input device

collects input data and sends it to the computer (ex: keyboard, mouse, touchscreen, microphone, etc)

output

any data the computer produces for external sources (people, other devices, etc)

output device

formats data to be sent out (ex: screens, printers, etc)

system software

programs that control and manage the basic operations of a computer

operating system

the most fundamental set of programs on a computer

utility program

performs a specialized task that enhances the computer’s operation or safeguards data

software development tools

tools that programmers use to create, modify, and test software

application software

programs that make a computer useful for everyday tasks

byte

enough memory to store a single letter or a small number

bit

binary digit; an eighth of a byte

binary

numbering system; all numeric values are written as sequences of 0s and 1s

ASCII

American Standard Code for Information Interchange; a set of 128 numeric codes that represent the english letters, punctuation marks, and other characters

Unicode

an extensive encoding scheme that is compatible with ASCII and can also represent characters of many of the world’s languages

two’s complement

a technique used to encode negative numbers

floating-point notation

a technique used to encode real numbers

digital

a term that can be used to describe anything that uses binary numbers

digital data

data stored in binary

digital device

any device that works with binary data

pixel

picture element; tiny dots that compose a full picture

samples

the pieces a digital song is broken into

machine language

the only format in which CPUs can understand instructions

instruction set

the full group of instructions that a CPU can execute

fetch-decode-execute cycle

the process a CPU uses to execute the instructions in a program

assembly languages

an alternative to machine language

mnemonics

alternative to binary numbers; used in assembly language

assembler

a program used to translate assembly language

high-level language

allows you to create powerful and complex programs without knowing how the CPU works

keywords/reserved words

words that make up a high-level programming language

operators

perform various operations on date (ex: math operators that perform arithmetic)

syntax

a set of rules that must be strictly followed when writing a program

statements

individual instructions that you use to write a program in a high-level programming language

compiler

a program that translates a high-level language program into a separate machine language program

interpreter

a program that both translates and executes the instructions in a high-level language program

source code/code

statements a programmer writes in a high-level language

syntax error

a mistake such as a misspelled keyword, a missing punctuation character, or the incorrect use of an operator

user

any hypothetical person that might be using a computer and its programs

user interface

the part of the computer with which the user interacts

command line interface (console interface)

requires the user to type commands

GUI

graphical user interphase; allows the user to interact with the operating system and application programs through graphical elements on the screen

fields/properties

data stored in an object

methods

operations that an object can perform

form

window displayed on the screen

label

displays text on a form

TextBox

object appears as a rectangular region that can accept keyboard input from the user

button

when the user clicks it, an action takes place

controls

objects that are visible in a program’s GUI

class

code that describes a particular type of object; specifies the data that an object can hold and the actions that an object can perform

.NET Framework

where the classes and code come from when working with C#

program development cycle

process of creating a program that works correctly

algorithm

a set of well-defined, logical steps that must be taken to perform a task

pseudocode

an algorithm that is written out in plain english statements

flowchart

a diagram that graphically depicts the steps of an algorithm

logic error

a mistake that does not prevent the program from running but causes it to produce incorrect results

debug

the step a programmer must take to fix the results of the code

project

the title of each Visual C# application that you create

designer window

used to create GUI; where you put desired controls

solution explorer

allows you to navigate files in a visual C# projects

properties window

used to examine and change a control’s properties (name, size, etc)

standard toolbar

contains buttons that execute frequently used commands (save, undo, debug, etc)

toolbox

a window that allows you to select the controls that you want to use in an application’s user interface (where you would find button, label, etc)

ToolTip

small window containing a short description of a button’s purpose that shows up when the cursor hovers over the button

solution

container that holds one or more Visual C# projects

bounding box

the thin, dotted line that surrounds whatever has most recently been clicked in the designer

identifiers

another name for control names

rules for naming controls

first character must be a letter or underscore; after that, you can use letters, numbers, or underscores; cannot include spaces

camelCase

first word is lowercase, after that, every word starts with a capital letter

source code file

a file that contains the program code

Program.cs file

contains the application’s start-up code, the behind-the-scenes code; it is important that you do not modify this file

Form1.cs file

contains the code associated with Form1, this is where you will write your code

namespace

a container that holds classes

event handler

a method that executes when a specific event takes place while an application is running

click event

when an application is running and the user clicks a control

message box

a small window that displays a message

method call

the statement you write in order to execute a method (ex: MessageBox.Show)

string

a string of characters, such as “Thanks!”; enclosed in double quotes, can include spaces

semicolon

marks the end of a line of code

literal

what it’s called when a piece of data is written into a program’s code

assignment statement

used to store a value in a control’s property; ex: outputLabel.Text = “Thank you!”;

assignment operator

the equal sign (=); assigns the value on the right to the item on the left

IntelliSense

a feature of Visual Studio that provides automatic code completion as you write programming statements

PictureBox

a control that can display images

SizeMode

property that specifies how the control’s image is to be displayed

“Normal” SizeMode

the image will be positioned in the upper-left corner of the picturebox control; if the image is too big to fit in the box, it will be clipped

“StretchImage” SizeMode

resizes the image both horizontally and vertically to fit the picturebox control

“AutoSize” SizeMode

the picturebox control is automatically resized to fit the size of the image

“CenterImage” SizeMode

centers the image in the picturebox control without resizing it