2 - NEURO 2.3

OLFACTORY (CN I)

pure smell sensory nerve

OLFACTORY (CN I)

most commonly contused CN

BRAIN UNDERSURFACE, SKULL BASE

location of CN1

OLFACTORY (CN I)

CN most affected in CSF rhinorrhea

CEREBROSPINAL FLUID RHINORRHEA

drainage of CSF through the nose 

CEREBROSPINAL FLUID OTORRHEA

drainage of CSF through the ear

CEREBROSPINAL FLUID SIALORRHEA

drainage of CSF through the mouth

BASILAR SKULL FRACTURE

CSF rhinorrhea denotes presence of ________

OPTIC (CN II)

pure vision sense

OPTIC (CN II)

CN most affected in anopsia

MYOPIA, HYPEROPIA, PRESBYOPIA, NYCTALOPIA

types of anopsia

ANOPSIA

loss of vision

MYOPIA

nearsightedness

MYOPIA

impaired far vision

HYPEROPIA

farsightedness/longsightedness

PRESBYOPIA

old sightedness

ACCOMMODATION

lost in presbyopia

NYCTALOPIA

night-blindedness

OPTIC (CN II)

CN most affected in amaurosis fugax

MONOCULAR BLINDNESS

amaurosis fugax or

AMAUROSIS FUGAX

related in anterior circulation stroke

INTERNAL CAROTID, OPHTHALMIC

artery involved in amaurosis fugax

SNELLEN’S CHART, CONFRONTATION TEST, ISHIHARA TEST, TONOMETRY, RETINOSCOPY

CN 2 tests

SNELLEN’S CHART

test for central visual acuity

20/20

normal result in Snellen’s chart

CONFRONTATION TEST

test for peripheral vision testing

CONFRONTATION TEST

px is looking at forehead of examiner to test vision at different quadrants

ISHIHARA TEST

test for color vision testing

ISHIHARA TEST

circles wherein numbers are embedded in a color and patient has to read the numbers

TONOMETRY

test for intraocular pressure

GLAUCOMA

blindness due to increased intraocular pressure

RETINOSCOPY

test for refraction errors

ASTIGMATISM, MYOPIA

conditions benefiting from retinoscopy

PRESBYCUSIS

age-related hearing loss

RETINOL (vitamin A)

deficient in nyctalopia

PHOTORECEPTOR, ROD, CONE

found in the retina

RETINA

responsible for inversion of images

TEMPORAL, NASAL

visual field is divided into

NASAL RETINAL HALF

retina responsible for temporal field

TEMPORAL RETINAL HALF

retina responsible for nasal field

TEMPORAL FIELD

fibers crossed at optic chiasmaN

NASAL FIELD

fibers remained ipsilaterally

OPTIC CHIASM

crossing of optic nerves

OPTIC TRACT

from lateral geniculate body to optic chiasm

OPTIC RADIATION

from brain to lateral geniculate nucleus

BRODMANN’S AREA 17 (occipital lobe)

visual cortex of the brain

VISUAL RELAY

lateral geniculate nucleus is responsible for

OPTIC NERVE

lesion to the _______ is called monocular blindness

MONOCULAR BLINDNESS

lesion to optic nerve

OPTIC CHIASM

lesion to the ________ is called bitemporal hemianopsiaBI

BITEMPORAL HEMIANOPSIA

lesion to the optic chiasm

BITEMPORAL HEMIAOPSIA

loss of peripheral vision

PITUITARY TUMOR

lesion to the optic chiasm is secondary to

OPTIC TRACT, OPTIC RADIATION, OCCIPITAL CORTEX

lesion to the ____________ is homonymous hemianopsia

HOMONYMOUS HEMIANOPSIA

lesion to the optic tract, optic radiation, or occipital cortex

MONOCULAR BLINDNESS

eye lesion that is ipsilateral to the lesion site

HOMONYMOUS HEMIANOPSIA, QUADRANTANOPIA

eye lesion that is contralateral to the lesion

OPTIC RADIATION

quadrantanopia is lesion to the ________

UPPER/PARIETAL OPTIC RADIATION

inferior quadrantanopia is lesion to the

LOWER/TEMPORAL OPTIC RADIATION

superior quadrantanopia is lesion to the

INFERIOR QUADRANTANOPIA

lesion to upper/parietal fibers of optic radiation

SUPERIOR QUADRANTANOPIA

lesion to lower/temporal fibers of optic radiation

OPTIC (CN II)

responsible for afferent in pupillary light reflex

OCULOMOTOR (CN III)

responsible for efferent in pupillary light reflex

DIRECT, CONSENSUAL

types of pupillary light reflex

INDIRECT LIGHT REFLEX

consensual light reflex or

DIRECT LIGHT REFLEX

ipsilateral constriction of the eye in pupillary light reflex

CONSENSUAL LIGHT REFLEX

contralateral constriction of the eye in pupillary light reflex

(+) DIRECT LIGHT REFLEX, (+) CONSENSUAL LIGHT REFLEX

normal reaction in pupillary light reflex

ANISOCORIA

unequal size of the pupil

OPTIC (CN II), OCULOMOTOR (CN III)

impaired in anisocoria

PTOSIS, MYDRIASIS

lesion to CN 3

PTOSIS

drooping of upper eyelid

LEVATOR PALPABRAE SUPERIORIS

muscle affected in ptosis

MYDRIASIS

dilation of the pupilMI

MIOSIS

constriction of the pupil

SUPERIOR OBLIQUE

eye muscle innervated by CN 4

LATERAL RECTUS

eye muscle innervated by CN 6

SUPERIOR RECTUS, INFERIOR RECTUS, MEDIAL RECTUS, INFERIOR OBLIQUE

eye muscle innervated by CN 3

SUPERIOR RECTUS

upward action of the eye

INFERIOR RECTUS

downward action of the eye

MEDIAL RECTUS

eye adduction

LATERAL RECTUS

eye abduction

SUPERIOR OBLIQUE

inferior and inward eye movement

INFERIOR OBLIQUE

superior and outward eye movement

L INFERIOR OBLIQUE, L SUPERIOR RECTUS, R INFERIOR OBLIQUE, R SUPERIOR RECTUS

looking upward eye muscles

L SUPERIOR OBLIQUE, L INFERIOR RECTUS, R SUPERIOR OBLIQUE, R INFERIOR RECTUS

looking downward eye muscles

L MEDIAL RECTUS, R LATERAL RECTUS

looking right eye muscles

L LATERAL RECTUS, R MEDIAL RECTUS

looking left eye muscles

L INFERIOR OBLIQUE, R SUPERIOR RECTUS

looking up to the right eye muscles

L SUPERIOR OBLIQUE, R INFERIOR RECTUS

looking down to the right eye muscles

L SUPERIOR RECTUS, R INFERIOR OBLIQUE

looking up to the left eye muscles

L INFERIOR RECTUS, R SUPERIOR OBLIQUE

looking down to the left eye muscles

STRABISMUS

“banlag”S

STRABISMUS

Inward or outward misalignment of the eye

OCULOMOTOR (CN III), ABDUCENS (CN VI)

affected in strabismus

STRABISMUS

objective finding in eye lesion

DIPLOPIA

subjective finding in eye lesion

EXTERNAL, INTERNAL

strabismus types

EXOTROPIA

external strabismus or