APWH Final

The prosperous civilization on the Aegean island of Crete in the second millennium BCE was

Minoan

The epic poem of Homer, The Iliad, related the story of a war between the Greeks and the Hittites, based on the ten-year siege and eventual destruction of the city of

Troy

A monumental sanctuary built in Jerusalem by King Solomon in the tenth century BCE to be the religious center of the Israelite god Yahweh was the

First Temple

The Phoenicians developed a system of writing based on

consonants

What made certain Phoenician textiles unique?

purple dye

Carthage was founded by peoples migrating from

Phoenicia

The "Children of Israel" were divided into \__ tribes

12

The name for the independent political entity common in ancient Greece was called

Polis

The soldiers who fought in close-formed ranks and were called up in times of war were called

hoplites

The term the Greeks used to describe someone who seized and held power in violation of political norms of the community was

tyrant

The father of history in Western tradition is

Herodotus

What was the primary instrument of Athenian naval success?

trireme

The essential economic activity of the early Roman state was based on

agriculture

Between 264 and 202 BCE, Rome fought two bloody wars against

Carthage

The conquest of the Celtic peoples of Gaul was accomplished by which famous Roman general?

Julius Caesar

Jesus Christ, executed by the Roman authorities as a revolutionary, was seen by his early followers, the Apostles, as

the messiah

What city became the new imperial capital of the Roman Empire in 324 CE?

Constantinople

What is considered the greatest Byzantine architectural monument?

Hagia Sophia

How far north did Muslim raiders reach into France?

Tours

Vikings from which country formed kingdoms along the rivers of eastern Europe and Russia

Sweden

The Mongol way of life, forced by a scarcity of resources, was called

nomadism

In 1453, the Ottomans led by Sultan Mehmet II captured which important Christian city of the Byzantine Empire?

Constantinople

Who was the admiral who led a series of state voyages on behalf of the Ming Empire?

Zheng He

The largest and most powerful Andean empire before the Europeans arrived was the

Inca

The most profitable item traded from North Africa to Timbuktu was

books

From what city was the Bubonic Plague first carried into Europe?

Venice

The Renaissance began in

Northern Italy

Who wrote the Canterbury Tales?

Chaucer

Who led in the use of the new printing press?

Gutenberg

The Vikings were the greatest mariners of which body of water in the Early Middle Ages?

Atlantic

Christopher Columbus was a Genoese mariner employed by

Spain

The 1494 Treaty of \___________ divided the New World between Spain and Portugal

Tordesillas

Early sixteenth century Spanish adventurers who subjugated Mexico, Central America and Peru were the

Conquistadors

Which Aztec emperor first encountered Cortés?

Moctezuma II

Francisco Pizarro defeated the Inca Empire with

180 men

Which king broke with the Catholic church because it would not grant him a divorce?

Henry VIII

What new crops helped the rural poor of Europe avoid starvation?

potatoes and corn

At the end of the English Civil War, the monarch was executed and replaced by

Oliver Cromwell

What was the deadliest of the epidemics in the Americas?

Small Pox

Where was the single richest silver deposit in the Americas?

Mount Potossi

England's experience colonizing \_______ influenced its efforts in the Americas

Ireland

The European market for \___ fueled French settlement

fur

By 1600 Brazil was the world's greatest producer of

sugar

The majority of African slaves in the Islamic world were

women

In 1453, the Ottoman capture of what city put an end to Byzantine rule?

Constantinople

The Safavid Empire covered what modern-day nation?

Iran

The Ottoman's chief rival in Iran was the

Safavid Empire

Which term came to refer to the rulers of the Muscovy principality based in Moscow beginning in the sixteenth century?

Tsar

Which empire replaced the Ming Empire of China

Qing

The item Europeans called "china" was also known as

porcelain

In the cool and humid regions of Europe, what new crop brought from the Americas contributed greatly to the agricultural revolution?

potatoes

The most revolutionary invention of the Industrial Revolution was James Watt's

steam engine

Who wrote The Wealth of Nations?

Adam Smith

Which 1770 event radicalized public opinion throughout the American colonies?

Boston Massacre

Another crisis was created by the British when it granted a monopoly on the importation of

tea

Who was king of France at the start of the French Revolution?

Louis XVI

Which French Estate, with allies from the other estates, declared itself to be the National Assembly?

Third Estate

At what impromptu meeting place did the Third Estate pledge to write a constitution?

Indoor Tennis Court

Napoleon's plans for European conquest were held in check by the naval supremacy of

Britain

Which tsar emancipated the serfs?

Tsar Alexander II

Russian imperial expansion in the eighteenth century was east toward the Pacific, while in the nineteenth century it was focused on which direction?

south

When the Qing banned the importation of \_____, the British sent naval and marine forces

opium

The British military advantage in the Opium War was provided by

gunboats

\_______ divided the United States into two separate and competitive societies

slavery

The Sioux defeated General Custer at the

Battle of Little Bighorn

People who wanted slavery to be outlawed were called

abolitionists

Which former slave became one of the most vocal and effective leaders of the abolitionist movement?

Frederick Douglas

In 1872, this became the first U.S. national park

Yellowstone

Who created the Zulu kingdom?

Shaka

What gathering led to the division of Africa among colonial powers, at least on paper?

Berlin Conference

Ethiopia defeated the army of what nation at Adowa in 1896?

Italy

Competition from British industrial mills decimated what Indian industry

textiles

The first British settlers in Australia were

exiled convicts

One of the main causes of the growing interdependence of the global economy was the financial power of

Great Britain

Who demanded that Japan open its ports for refueling of and trade with American shipping?

Matthew Perry

Which country's growing industrial and military might led to increased tensions in Europe?

Germany

A new and potent defensive weapon in World War I was

machine gun

The Turks closed what important strait between the Mediterranean and Black Seas?

Dardanelles

Franklin D. Roosevelt economic recovery plan was called the

New Deal

What did Adolf Hitler write while in jail in the 1920s?

Mein Kampf

Hitler's "master race" was what group?

Aryans

Which British prime minister practiced "appeasement"?

Neville Chamberlain

What was the German word for "lightning war"?

Blitzkrieg

The Germans were unable to overcome the British use of radar and code-breaking in the Battle of Britain, which was conducted primarily by

air attacks

One of the fiercest battles on the Volga River between USSR and Germany, and a key turning point in the war, was at

Stalingrad

Where did Japan bomb the United States fleet on December 7, 1941

Pearl Harbor

During the Battle of Midway, the United States sank most of Japan's largest

aircraft carriers

The start of the final Allied push to end the war in Europe began on June 6, 1944, forever after known as

D-day

What country suffered the most deaths in World War II?

Soviet Union

Among the many languages of India, the educated middle class communicated in

English

Significant internal conflict was found in India among which two groups?

Hindus and Muslims

What word or phrase coined by Winston Churchill became a watchword of the Cold War?

Iron Curtain

The Soviet-dominated counterpart to NATO, which included countries of eastern Europe, was the

Warsaw Pact

The United Nations Security Council includes seven rotating members and how many permanent members?

5

Which war ended with a truce but no formal peace treaty during the Cold War?

Korean War

In what year did Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin become the first humans to walk on the moon?

1969

Bangladesh emerged as an independent nation in 1971 from

Pakistan

After the fall of the Soviet Union, a morass of separatism and warring and ethnic and religious groups undermined the Balkan nation of

Yugoslavia

Ethnic cleansing killed 750,000 Africans in 1994 in

Rwanda

What country for many years sought to limit parents to a single child?

China